Double Ninth Festival Explained

Holiday Name:Double Ninth Festival
Observedby:Chinese, Japanese, Koreans
Date:9th day of the 9th lunisolar month
T:重陽節
S:重阳节
Kanji:重陽の節句[1]
Revhep:Chōyō no Sekku
Hangul:중양절[2] [3]
Rr:Jungyangjeol
P:Chóngyáng jié
W:Ch'ung2-yang2 chieh2
Suz:Zon yan tsih
J:Cung4-joeng4 zit3
Y:Chùhng-yèuhng jit
Tl:Tiông-iông-tsueh
Chrysanthemum Festival
Kanji:菊の節句
Revhep:Kiku no Sekku

The Double Ninth Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday observed on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese calendar. According to Wu Jun, it dates back to the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 AD).[2]

According to the I Ching, nine is a yang number; the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese calendar (or double nine) has extra yang (a traditional Chinese spiritual concept) and is thus an auspicious date.[4] Hence, the day is also called "Double Yang Festival" .[5] It is customary to climb a mountain,[6] drink chrysanthemum liquor,[7] [6] and wear the zhuyu plant (Cornus officinalis). Both chrysanthemum and zhuyu are considered to have cleansing qualities and are used on other occasions to air out houses and cure illnesses.

On this holiday, some Chinese also visit the graves of their ancestors to pay their respects.[6] In Hong Kong and Macau, whole extended families head to ancestral graves to clean them, repaint inscriptions and lay out food offerings such as roast suckling pig and fruit, which are then eaten (after the spirits have consumed the spiritual element of the food). Chongyang cake is also popular[5] and incense sticks are burned during the holiday.[8]

Origin

The origins of the festival date back as early as the Warring States period[9]

According to legend, the traditions of hiking and drinking chrysanthemum wine on this day began with the Han dynasty man and his disciple .[4] One year, Fei advised Huan to bring chrysanthemum wine and food and climb a mountain with his family on the ninth day of the ninth month.[4] Huan followed his master's instructions, and when he returned home he found that his livestock had all suddenly died; if he had not climbed the mountain as instructed, the same would have happened to him and his family.[6] [4] [10]

An alternative origin story involves intrigue in the imperial court of Emperor Gaozu of Han. As part of Empress Lü's jealous plot against Consort Qi, the latter's maid was forced out of the imperial palace.[5] The maid, surnamed Jia, told the common people that in the palace it was customary to wear dogwood and drink chrysanthemum wine on the ninth day of the ninth month, and these customs spread more widely.[5]

In 1966, Taiwan rededicated the holiday as "Senior Citizens' Day",[11] underscoring one custom as it is observed in Mainland China, where the festival is also an opportunity to care for and appreciate the elderly.[12]

Double Ninth may have originated as a day to drive away danger, but like the Chinese New Year, over time, it became a day of celebration. In contemporary times, it is an occasion for hiking and chrysanthemum appreciation.[4] [13] Other activities include flying kites, making flower cakes, and welcoming married daughters back home for visiting.

Stores sell rice cakes ("gāo", a homophone for height) with mini colorful flags to represent zhuyu. Most people drink chrysanthemum tea, while a few traditionalists drink homemade chrysanthemum wine. Children learn poems about chrysanthemums and many localities host chrysanthemum exhibits. Mountain climbing races are also popular; winners get to wear a wreath made of zhuyu.

Outside China

Japan

In Japan, the festival is known as Chōyō but also as the and it is one of Japan's five sacred ancient festivals (sekku).[14] [15] [16] It is most commonly celebrated on the 9th day of the 9th month according to the Gregorian calendar rather than the lunisolar calendar, i.e. on September 9. It is celebrated at both Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples.[17] The festival is celebrated in the wish for the longevity of one's life and is observed by drinking chrysanthemum sake and eating dishes such as chestnut rice and chestnuts with glutinous rice .[16]

Korea

In Korea, the festival is known as Jungyangjeol (Korean: 중양절), and it is celebrated on the 9th day of the 9th month.[3] Koreans would consume chrysanthemum leaves in pancakes. As the festival is meant to celebrate and cultivate good health, outdoor activities such as carrying dogwood, climbing hills or mountains for picnics, and gazing at chrysanthemum blossoms are carried out.[2] [3]

See also

Notes and References

  1. http://kikuko-nagoya.com/html/chouyo-no-sekku.html Choyo no Sekku at kikuko-nagoya.com
  2. Book: Roy, Christian . Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia . 2004 . 116 . 978-1576070895 .
  3. Book: Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture . Gil-Job-Ie Media . National Folk Museum of Korea . 2015 . 232.
  4. Book: Stepanchuk . Carol . Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China . 1991 . China Books & Periodicals . San Francisco . 0-8351-2481-9 . 89–91.
  5. Book: Wei . Liming . Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals . 2010 . Beijing . 9787508516936 . 54–57 . Second.
  6. Book: 陳瑞璋 . 認識中國傳統節日和風俗 . 2001 . Hong Kong . 9621419573 . 45.
  7. Book: Eberhard . Wolfram . Wolfram Eberhard . Chinese Festivals . 1952 . H. Wolff . New York . 110–111 . The Mid-Autumn Festival.
  8. https://archive.today/20130121134023/http://www.discoverhongkong.com/uk/see-do/events-festivals/chinese-festivals/chung-yueng-festival.jsp Chung Yueng Festival
  9. Web site: The Double Ninth Festival . China Daily . November 2, 2022. November 2, 2022.
  10. Book: 中國節日的故事 . 2001 . 將門文物出版社 . Taipei . 957-755-300-1 . 1st . zh . 226–237.
  11. Web site: Chrysanthemums, Climbing, and Consideration of the Elderly - Double Ninth Day . Gio.gov.tw . 2008-10-07 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080515200349/http://www.gio.gov.tw/info/festival_c/99_e/99.htm . May 15, 2008 .
  12. Web site: Archived copy . 2007-10-25 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071028092114/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_chinaway/node_169.htm . 2007-10-28 .
  13. Book: Zhao, Rongguang . A History of Food Culture in China. SCPG Publishing Corporation . 2015 . 14 . 978-1938368165.
  14. Web site: Chrysanthemum Festival . . 2010 . 2015-06-08.
  15. Web site: https://japanese-culture.info/keywords/annual_events/kiku . ja:菊の節句(重陽の節句). The Chrysanthemum Festival (The Choyo Festival) . Japanese: 英語対訳で読む日本の文化 . 7 November 2018 . ja.
  16. Web site: Chapter 3: Kiku no sekku . Japan Federation of Pottery Wholesalers’ Co-operative Association . 3 June 2016 . 7 November 2018.
  17. Web site: Autumn (July - September) . Tokyo Metropolitan Library . 7 November 2018.