Choclo orthohantavirus explained

Choclo orthohantavirus (CHOV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA zoonotic New World hantavirus. It was first isolated in 1999 in western Panama. The finding marked the first time Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was found in Central America.[1]

During this outbreak, a high seroprevalence was found among the general population, suggesting that this virus has an extremely low pathogenicity and causes sub-clinical to mild symptoms. This was confirmed in a study that infected hamsters with CHOV. All of the hamsters tested positive for CHOV, but none exhibited any symptoms.[2]

Natural reservoir

The virus was isolated from the northern pygmy rice rat in El Choclo in the Los Santos Province in western Panama.

Transmission

Choclo orthohantavirus has not been shown to transfer from person-to-person. Transmission by aerosolized rodent excreta still remains the only known way the virus is transmitted to humans. In general, droplet and/or fomite transfer has not been shown in the hantaviruses in general, in either the hemorrhagic or pulmonary forms.[3] [4] [5]

Epidemiology

There were a total of eleven cases reported but only nine serologically confirmed cases of Choclo orthohantavirus found in this outbreak. A serologic survey of residents in the area revealed a 13% antibody prevalence. No person-to-person transmissions were found. There were no fatalities among serologically confirmed cases. There were three fatalities among those who tested negative for the virus. Before this outbreak, there were no documented cases of human hantavirus infections in Central America.[5] [6] [7]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Nelson . R . Cañate . R . Pascale . JM . Dragoo . JW . Armien . B . Armien . AG . Koster . F . Sep 2010 . Confirmation of Choclo virus as the cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and high serum antibody prevalence in Panama . J Med Virol . 82 . 9. 1586–93 . 10.1002/jmv.21864. 20648614 . 2927102 .
  2. Eyzaguirre . EJ . Milazzo . ML . Koster . FT . Fulhorst . CF . Apr 2008 . Choclo virus infection in the Syrian golden hamster . Am J Trop Med Hyg . 78 . 4. 669–74 . 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.669 . 18385367 . 2689364 .
  3. Peters. C.J.. 2006. Emerging Infections: Lessons from the Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 117. 189–197. 1500910. 18528473.
  4. Web site: Ebola and Marburg Virus Genomic Structure, Comparative and Molecular Biology. Crowley. J.. Crusberg. T.. Dept. of Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131015055654/http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/ebola/ebolagen.html. 2013-10-15.
  5. Bayard . Vicente . Kitsutani . Paul T. . Barria . Eduardo O. . Luis . A. Ruedas . etal . September 2004 . Outbreak of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Los Santos, Panama, 1999–2000 . Emerg Infect Dis . 10 . 9. 1635–1642 . 10.3201/eid1009.040143 . 15498167 . 3320309.
  6. Vincent . MJ . Quiroz . E . Gracia . F . Sanchez . AJ . Ksiazek . TG . Kitsutani . PT . etal . 2000 . Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Panama; identification of novel hantaviruses and their likely reservoirs . Virology . 277 . 1. 14–9 . 10.1006/viro.2000.0563 . 11062031. free .
  7. Outbreak of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Los Santos, Panama, 1999–2000 . 3320309 . 15498167 . 10.3201/eid1009.040143 . 10 . 9. 2004 . Emerging Infect. Dis. . 1635–42 . Bayard . V . Kitsutani . PT . Barria . EO . Ruedas . LA . Tinnin . DS . Muñoz . C . de Mosca . IB . Guerrero . G . Kant . R . Garcia . A . Caceres . L . Gracio . FG . Quiroz . E . de Castillo . Z . Armien . B . Libel . M . Mills . JN . Khan . AS . Nichol . ST . Rollin . PE . Ksiazek . TG . Peters . CJ.

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