Chittagonian language explained

Chittagonian
Also Known As:Chittagonian Bengali
Nativename:চাটগাঁইয়া
চিটাইঙ্গা
Pronunciation:[saŋʈgaiyaŋ]
[siʈaiŋga]
States:Bangladesh
Ethnicity:Bengali[1]
Region:Chittagong region
Speakers:13 million
Date:2006
Ref:e25
Speakers2:to million (2007)[2]
Familycolor:Indo-European
Fam2:Indo-Iranian
Fam3:Indo-Aryan
Fam4:Eastern
Fam5:Bengali–Assamese
Fam6:Gauda–Bangla
Fam7:Southeastern Bengali
Script:
Iso3:ctg
Glotto:chit1275
Glottorefname:Chittagonian
Linglist:ctg
Lingua:73-DEE-aa
Notice:IPA

Chittagonian (চাটগাঁইয়া saṭgãia or চিটাইঙ্গা siṭaiṅga)[5] [6] or Chittagonian Bengali[7] [8] is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh. It's speakers identify with Bengali culture and the Bengali language.[9] Chittagonian and Standard Bengali are not inherently mutually intelligible, although it is considered as a nonstandard Bengali dialect. Chittagonian is considered to be a separate language by some linguists.[10] It is mutually intelligible with Rohingya and to a lesser extent with Noakhailla. It is estimated (2006) that Chittagonian has 13 million speakers, principally in Bangladesh.

Classification

Chittagonian is a member of the Bengali-Assamese sub-branch of the Eastern group of Indo-Aryan languages, a branch of the wider Indo-European language family. It is derived through an Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan from Old Indo-Aryan, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European. grouped the dialects of Chittagong under Southeastern Bengali, alongside the dialects of Noakhali and Akyab. places Chittagonian in the eastern Vangiya group of Magadhi Prakrit and notes that all Bengali dialects were independent of each other and did not emanate from the literary Bengali called "sadhu bhasha".[11] Among the different dialect groups of these eastern dialects, Chittagonian has phonetic and morphological properties that are not present in standard Bengali and other western dialects of Bengali.

Phonology

Consonants

LabialDental/
Alveolar		RetroflexPalatalVelar
Stopvoicelesspronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
voicedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Fricativevoicelesspronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
voicedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Nasalpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Trill/Tappronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/
Approximantlateralpronounced as /link/
central(pronounced as /link/)pronounced as /link/

Vowels

FrontCentralBack
Highpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
High-midpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Low-mid(pronounced as /link/)pronounced as /link/
Lowpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/

Writing system

The Arabic script has historically been used to write this language.

The Bengali script (Bangla Lipi) and Latin script are used to write this language.

Gboard for Android has added Chittagongian Keyboard.[15]

See also

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Book: Masica, Colin . Colin Masica . 1991 . The Indo-Aryan Languages . Cambridge . Cambridge University Press . 25.
  2. [Nationalencyklopedin]
  3. Web site: Chittagonian language and alphabet . 1 August 2022 . 1 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220801143218/https://omniglot.com/writing/chittagonian.htm#:~:text=Chittagonian%20(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE),Rangamati%2C%20Bandarban%20and%20Khagrachhari%20districts . live .
  4. Web site: Chittagonian language and alphabet . 1 August 2022 . 1 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220801143218/https://omniglot.com/writing/chittagonian.htm#:~:text=Chittagonian%20(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE),Rangamati%2C%20Bandarban%20and%20Khagrachhari%20districts . live .
  5. Chittagong_City.
  6. Web site: চট্টগ্রামের আঞ্চলিক স্বকীয়তা . Prothomalo . 16 August 2022 . bn . 31 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220731135049/https://nagorik.prothomalo.com/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE . live .
  7. Web site: Bengali (Chittagong) at wals.
  8. Web site: Olac resources in and about Chittagonian.
  9. Book: Masica, Colin . Colin Masica . 1991 . The Indo-Aryan Languages . Cambridge . Cambridge University Press . 25.
  10. Book: Masica, Colin . Colin Masica . 1991 . The Indo-Aryan Languages . Cambridge . Cambridge University Press . 16. "The dialect of Chittagong, in southeast Bangladesh, is different enough to be considered a separate language."
  11. "Dialects are independent of literary speech: as such East Bengali dialects, North Bengali dialects (with which Assamese is to be associated) and West Bengali dialects are not only independent of one another, but also they are not, as it is popularly believed in Bengal, derived from literary Bengali, the "sadhu-bhasha", which is a composite speech on an early West Bengali basis."
  12. Book: Norihiko, Učida . Norihiko Učida . 1970 . Der Bengali-dialekt von Chittagong. 8.
  13. Book: Hai, Muhammad A.. A study of Chittagong dialect. 1965. In Anwar S. Dil (ed.), Studies in Pakistani Linguistics. 17–38.
  14. Book: Moniruzzaman, M.. Dialect of Chittagong. Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. 2007. In Morshed, A. K. M.; Language and Literature.
  15. Web site: Gboard for Android Adds Support for Over 20 New Languages. 2021-05-25. NDTV Gadgets 360. 7 March 2018 . en. 25 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210525061151/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/gboard-android-new-language-support-chinese-korean-1820677. live.

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