Chitral District Explained

Conventional Long Name:Chitral District
Nation:Pakistan
Status Text:District of Pakistan
Year Start:1947
Date Start:14 August
Event Start:Established
Year End:2018
Date End:20 July
Event End:Establishment of Lower and Upper Chitral
Capital:Chitral City
P1:Chitral (princely state)Chitral State
S1:Lower Chitral
S2:Upper Chitral
Flag P1:Flag of State of Chitral.svg
Border P1:no
Stat Year1:1947–2018
Stat Area1:14850
Image Map Caption:Map of the former district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Government Type:District Government
Political Subdiv:6 Tehsils
Today:Pakistan
Lower Chitral & Upper Chitral Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Demonym:Chitralis

Chitral District ({{nq|ݯھیترارو ضلع; Urdu: {{nq|ضلع چترال) was a district in the Malakand Division of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, from 14 August 1947 to 2018. It was the largest district in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, covering an area of 14,850 km2, before splitting into Upper and Lower Chitral Districts in 2018.[1] It was the northernmost district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.[2] It shared a border with Gilgit-Baltistan to the east and with Swat and Dir districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the south. It also shared an international border with Afghanistan to the north and west.[3] Afghanistan's narrow strip of Wakhan Corridor separated Chitral from Tajikistan in the north.[4]

History

Chitral shares much of its history and culture with the neighbouring Hindu Kush territories of Gilgit-Baltistan, a region sometimes called "Peristan" because of the common belief in fairies (peri) inhabiting the high mountains.

The entire region that now forms the Chitral District was an independent monarchical state until 1895, when the British negotiated a treaty with its hereditary ruler, the Mehtar, under which Chitral became a semi-autonomous princely state within the Indian Empire. Chitral retained this status even after its accession to Pakistan in 1947, finally being made an administrative district of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, disestablishing the Princely State.[5]

Topography and access

Chitral is counted amongst the highest regions of the world, sweeping from 1,094 metres at Arandu to 7,726 metres at Tirichmir and packing over 40 peaks more than 6,100 metres in height. The terrain of Chitral is very mountainous, and Tirich Mir (25,289 feet), the highest peak of the Hindu Kush, rises in the north of the district.[6] Around 4.8 percent of the land is covered by forest, and 76 percent is mountains and glaciers.

Chitral is connected to the rest of Pakistan by two major road routes, the Lowari Pass (elevation. 10,23 ft.) from Dir and Shandur Top (elevation 12,200 ft.) from Gilgit. Both routes used to be closed in winter, but circa 2017 the highway Lowari Tunnel under the Lowari Pass opened to vehicular traffic for at least ten hours per day.[7] A number of other high passes, including Darkot Pass, Thoi Pass, and Zagaran Pass, provide access on foot to Chitral from Gilgit-Baltistan.

Demographics

The district has a population of about 414,000. The general population is mainly made up of Kho people, who speak Khowar, which is also spoken in parts of Yasin, Gilgit, Dir, and Swat. Chitral is also home to the Kalash tribe, who live in Bumburet and two other remote valleys southwest of Chitral town. A few thousand Nuristani people are also known to live in Chitral.

The main language of the region is Khowar. There are also smaller communities of speakers of Arabic, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Gujari(Gojri), Kalasha, Kyrgyz, Kataviri/Kamviri, Madaklashti, Palula, Sariquli, Wakhi, and Yidgha.[8] Urdu has official status.

Chitral City

The city of Chitral is the main city in the district and serves as its capital. It is situated on the west bank of the Chitral River (also known as the Kunar River) at the foot of Tirich Mir, which at 7,708 m (25,289 ft) is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush. Until 14 August 1947, it served as the capital of the princely state of Chitral.

Administration

The district of Chitral is divided into twenty-four union councils and two tehsils:[9] [10] [11]

National Assembly

This district is represented by one elected MNA (Member of the National Assembly) in Pakistan National Assembly. Its constituency is NA-32.[12]

Member of National Assembly Party Affiliation Year
Abdul Akbar Khan 2002
Shahzada MohiuddinPakistan Muslim League2008
2013

Provincial Assembly

The district is represented by two elected MPAs in the provincial assembly, who represent the following constituencies:

Villages

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Upper Chitral gets status of separate district. Dawn newspaper. 21 November 2018. 4 November 2023.
  2. Web site: District Government Chitral . Chitral District Government Web Portl . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150928012955/http://chitral.gov.pk/. 28 September 2015.
  3. Web site: Governance and Militancy in Afghanistan and Pakistan . Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).
  4. Nusser. Marcus . Dickoré. Wolf Bernhard . 2002 . A Tangle in the Triangle: Vegetation Map of the Eastern Hindukush (Chitral, Northern Pakistan) . . 56 . 1 . 37–59 . 10.3112/erdkunde.2002.01.03 . 23218603 .
  5. Book: Marsden, Magnus . 2010 . A tour not so grand: mobile Muslims in northern Pakistan . Osella . Filippo . Soares . Benjamin . Islam, Politics, Anthropology . Chichester, England . Royal Anthropological Institute by Wiley-Blackwell . 57–75, page 58 . 978-1-4443-3295-7.
  6. Web site: Disaster Vulnerability Assessment Report, District Chitral, KPK, Pakistan . 4 November 2023 . Hope87.org website. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113144931/http://www.hope87.org/Documents/dvar.pdf . 13 November 2013 . dead .
  7. News: Lowari tunnel: opportunities and challenges . . Zahiruddin . 30 September 2018 . 26 November 2019.
  8. Web site: About [Lower Chitral]]. 16 June 2022.
  9. Web site: Tehsils & Unions in the District of Chitral. National Reconstruction Bureau, Government of Pakistan website. https://web.archive.org/web/20120326132728/http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=70&dn=Chitral . 26 March 2012. 4 November 2023.
  10. Web site: Pakistan: North West Frontier Province: District, Tehsil and Union Code Reference Map (MA518-pak-NWFP UCs A3-v01) . 1 July 2009. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) . Pakistan . https://web.archive.org/web/20131113151834/http://www.pdma.gov.pk/documents/District_Tehsil_and_Union_code_Reference_Map_Chitral.pdf . 13 November 2013 . dead.
  11. Web site: List of Tehsils/Talukas with Respect to Their Districts . Statistics Division, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics, Government of Pakistan . https://web.archive.org/web/20100305205949/http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/admin_unit/admin_list_tehsil.html . 5 March 2010 . dead.
  12. Web site: Election Commission of Pakistan . 6 November 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151110154333/http://ecp.gov.pk/GE.aspx . 10 November 2015 .
  13. Web site: Rom Kili: Pakistan . geographic.org . Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates . 29 July 2023.