Chimgi-Tura Explained

Chimgi-Tura[1] or Chingi-Tura[2] (Цыңқыс-тора, Russian: Чинги-Тура) was a medieval city in the 12th to 16th centuries located in Western Siberia. After the Russian conquest, it was refounded as Tyumen.[2] [3]

Name

The word "tura" (тора) in Siberian Tatar means "city". According to Utemish Haji, the word "Tura" was used in both Western Siberia and Bashkortostan.[4]

History

According to Russian historian Hadi Atlasi, Taibugha founded the settlement which was then named Chinkidin in honor of Genghis Khan. The settlement later evolved into Chimgi-Tura.[5]

It was a capital of the Khanate of Sibir until the early 16th century, when its ruler Khan Muhammad decided not to remain at Chimgi-Tura, and chose a new capital named Qashliq located on the Irtysh.[6]

After the Cossack ataman Yermak Timofeyevich conquered the Siberian Khanate in the 1580s, the city of Chimgi-Tura was abandoned or burned. In 1586, the Russian fort Tyumen was built nearby. Modern Tyumen, one of the centres of the Russian oil industry, covers the site where Chimgi-Tura used to stand.[7]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Christian . David . A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, Volume II: Inner Eurasia from the Mongol Empire to Today, 1260 - 2000 . 12 March 2018 . John Wiley & Sons . 978-0-631-21039-9 . 62 . en.
  2. Book: Monahan . Erika . The Merchants of Siberia: Trade in Early Modern Eurasia . 1 April 2016 . Cornell University Press . 978-1-5017-0396-6 . 259 . en.
  3. Book: Akiner . Shirin . Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union . 5 September 2013 . Routledge . 978-1-136-14266-6 . 95 . en.
  4. Тоган Валиди. А. История Башкир / Перевод с турецк. и вступ. ст. А.М. Юлдашбаева. Уфа: Китап, 2010. С. 37.
  5. Book: Bukharaev, Ravil . Islam in Russia: The Four Seasons . 2014 . Routledge . 978-1-136-80793-0 . 252 . en.
  6. Book: Forsyth. James. A History of Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony, 1581-1990. 1994. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 0521477719. 25–26. December 11, 2015.
  7. Book: Longworth . Philip . The Cossacks . 1970 . Holt, Rinehart and Winston . 978-0-03-081855-4 . 55 . en.