| Instrument | Image |
|---|
| (Chinese: [[wikt:胡琴|胡琴]]) – family of vertical fiddles | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:二胡|二胡]]) – two-stringed fiddle | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:中胡|中胡]]) – two-stringed fiddle, lower pitch than an | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:高胡|高胡]]) – two-stringed fiddle, higher pitch than an ; also called (Chinese: [[wikt:粤|粤]][[wikt:胡|胡]]) | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:板胡|板胡]]) – two-stringed fiddle with a coconut resonator and wooden face, used primarily in northern China | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:京胡|京胡]]) – two-stringed fiddle (piccolo), very high pitched, used mainly for Beijing opera |
| (Chinese: 京二胡) – used in Beijing opera |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:二弦|二弦]]) – a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It has two strings and is used primarily in Cantonese music, most often in "hard string" chamber ensembles. | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:竹提琴|竹提琴]]) – a huqin (胡琴, vertical fiddle) with cylindrical bamboo resonator and paulownia soundboard used in old-style Cantonese opera, both staged (Chinese: gu qiang Yueju, 古腔粤剧) and non-staged (Chinese: gu qiang Yue qu, 古腔粤曲). |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:椰胡|椰胡]]) – two-stringed fiddle with coconut body, used primarily in Cantonese and Chaozhou music | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:大广弦|大广弦]]) – two-stringed fiddle used in Taiwan and Fujian, primarily by Min Nan and Hakka people; also called (Chinese: [[wikt:大筒弦|大筒弦]]), (Chinese: 广弦), and (Chinese: 大管弦) |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:大筒|大筒]]) – two-stringed fiddle used in the traditional music of Hunan |
| (Chinese: 壳仔弦) – two-stringed fiddle with coconut body, used in Taiwan opera |
| (Chinese: 六角弦) – two-stringed fiddle with hexagonal body, similar to the ; used primarily in Taiwan |
| (Chinese: 鐵弦仔) – a two-stringed fiddle with metal amplifying horn at the end of its neck, used in Taiwan; also called (Chinese: 鼓吹弦) |
| (Chinese: 牛角胡) – a yak's horn fiddle used primarily among the Tibetan people |
| – two-stringed fiddle with gourd body used by the Zhuang of Guangxi |
| – two-stringed fiddle with horse bone body used by the Zhuang and Buyei peoples of southern China |
| (Chinese: 土胡) – two-stringed fiddle used by the Zhuang people of Guangxi |
| (Chinese: 角胡) – two-stringed fiddle used by the Gelao people of Guangxi, as well as the Miao and Dong |
|
| (Chinese: [[wikt:四胡|四胡]]) – four-stringed fiddle with strings tuned in pairs | |
| (Chinese: 三胡) – 3-stringed with an additional bass string; developed in the 1970s |
| – two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard |
| – two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:雷琴|雷琴]]) – two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:低胡|低胡]]) – low pitched two-stringed fiddles in the family, in three sizes: | |
| (Chinese: 小低胡) – small, tuned one octave below the |
| (Chinese: 中低胡) – medium, tuned one octave below the |
| (Chinese: 大低胡) – large, tuned two octaves below the |
| (Chinese: 大胡) – another name for the |
| – another name for the |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:革胡|革胡]]) – four-stringed bass instrument, tuned and played like cello |
| (Chinese: 低音革胡) – four-stringed contrabass instrument, tuned and played like double bass |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:拉阮|拉阮]]) – four-stringed bowed instrument modeled on the cello | |
| (Chinese: 琶琴) – bowed pear-shaped lute |
| (Chinese: 大琶琴) – bass |
| or (Chinese: 牛腿琴 or Chinese: 牛巴腿) – two-stringed fiddle used by the Dong people of Guizhou |
| (Chinese: 馬頭琴) – (Mongolian:) – Mongolian two-stringed "horsehead fiddle" | |
| (Chinese: 奚琴) – ancient prototype of family of instruments |
| (Chinese: 韶琴) – electric |
| – bowed zither; also called |
| (Chinese: 文枕琴) – a zither with 9 strings bowed |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:琤尼|琤尼]]) – bowed zither; used by the Zhuang people of Guangxi |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:艾捷克|艾捷克]]) – four-stringed bowed instrument used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang; similar to [3] | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:萨塔尔|萨塔尔]] or Chinese: [[wikt:萨它尔|萨它尔]]) – long-necked bowed lute with 13 strings used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang. 1 playing string and 12 sympathetic strings. | |
| (Chinese: [[wikt:胡西它尔|胡西它尔]]) – a four-stringed bowed instrument used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang. | |
| Qiaoqin (Chinese: [[wikt:桥琴|桥琴]]) – cello-like instrument with snakeskin resonator) from Shenyang | |
| Shenhu (Chinese: [[wikt:桥琴|桥琴]]) – a huqin (2-stringed vertical fiddle with snakeskin-covered resonator) with a distinctive broad, nasal timbre that is used as the primary accompanying huqin (zhu hu, 主胡) in Huju (沪剧), a genre of local Chinese opera (difang xiqu, 地方戏曲) from Shanghai. | | |
| Instrument | Image |
|---|
| Bianzhong (編鐘) – 16 to 65 bronze bells hung on a rack, struck using poles | |
| Fangxiang – set of tuned metal slabs (metallophone) | |
| Nao (musical instrument) (鐃) – may refer to either an ancient bell or large cymbalsShangnao (商鐃) – ancient bellphoto |
| Bo (鈸; also called chazi, 镲子) | - Xiaobo (小鈸, small cymbals)
- Zhongbo (中鈸, medium cymbals; also called naobo (鐃鈸) or zhongcuo<
| --needs description-->- Shuibo (水鈸, literally "water cymbals")
- Dabo (大鈸, large cymbals)
- Jingbo (京鈸)<
| --needs description-->- Shenbo (深波) – deep, flat gong used in Chaozhou music; also called gaobian daluo (高边大锣)
|
|---|
- Daluo (大锣) – a large flat gong whose pitch drops when struck with a padded mallet
- Fengluo (风锣) – literally "wind gong," a large flat gong played by rolling or striking with a large padded mallet
- Xiaoluo (小锣) – a small flat gong whose pitch rises when struck with the side of a flat wooden stick
- Yueluo (月锣) – small pitched gong held by a string in the palm of the hand and struck with a small stick; used in Chaozhou music
- Jingluo (镜锣) – a small flat gong used in the traditional music of Fujian https://web.archive.org/web/20090118183957/http://www.fj.xinhuanet.com/jlzx/2007-09/13/content_11135856.htm
- Pingluo (平锣) – a flat gong[4]
- Kailuluo (开路锣)
|
| Yunluo – literally "cloud gongs"; 10 or more small tuned gongs in a frame | |
| Shimianluo (十面锣) – 10 small tuned gongs in a frame |
| Qing (磬) – a cup-shaped bell used in Buddhist and Daoist ritual music |
| Daqing (大磬) – large qing |
| Pengling (碰铃; pinyin: pènglíng) – a pair of small bowl-shaped finger cymbals or bells connected by a length of cord, which are struck together |
| Dangzi (铛子) – a small, round, flat, tuned gong suspended by being tied with silk string in a round metal frame that is mounted on a thin wooden handlephoto; also called dangdang (铛铛) |
| Yinqing (引磬) – an inverted small bell affixed to the end of a thin wooden handlephoto |
| Yunzheng (云铮) – a small flat gong used in the traditional music of Fujian https://web.archive.org/web/20090118183957/http://www.fj.xinhuanet.com/jlzx/2007-09/13/content_11135856.htm |
Chun (錞; pinyin: chún) – ancient bellphoto- Weichun (帷錞) – ancient hanging bell
|
| Tonggu (铜鼓) – bronze drum |
| Laba (喇叭) – A long, straight, valveless brass trumpet | |
| Instrument | Image |
|---|
| Dagu – (大鼓) – large drum played with two sticks | |
| Huapengu (花盆鼓) – flowerpot-shaped large drum played with two sticks; also called ganggu (缸鼓) |
| Huzuo Dagu (虎座大鼓) |
| Huzuo Wujia Gu (虎座鳥架鼓) |
| Jiangu (建鼓) | |
| Bangu (板鼓) – small, high pitched drum used in Beijing opera; also called danpigu (单皮鼓) | |
| Biangu (扁鼓) – flat drum, played with sticks | |
| Paigu (排鼓) – set of three to seven tuned drums played with sticks |
| Tanggu (堂鼓) – medium-sized barrel drum played with two sticks; also called tonggu (同鼓) or xiaogu (小鼓) | |
| Biqigu (荸荠鼓) – a very small drum played with one stick, used in Jiangnan sizhu |
| Diangu (点鼓; also called huaigu, 怀鼓) – a double-headed frame drum played with a single wooden beater; used in the Shifangu ensemble music of Jiangsu province and to accompany to kunqu opera |
| Huagu (花鼓) – flower drum |
| Yaogu (腰鼓) – waist drum | |
| Taipinggu (太平鼓) – flat drum with a handle; also called dangu (单鼓) |
| Zhangu (战鼓 or 戰鼓) – war drum; played with two sticks. | |
| Bajiaogu (八角鼓) – octagonal tambourine used primarily in narrative singing from northern China． |
| Yanggegu (秧歌鼓) – rice planting drum |
| Gaogu – large ancient drum used to for battlefield commands and large-scale construction |
| Bofu (搏拊) – ancient drum used to set tempo |
| Jiegu (羯鼓) – hourglass-shaped drum used during the Tang dynasty |
| Tao (鼗; pinyin: táo) or taogu (鼗鼓) – a pellet drum used in ritual music |
|
| Linggu (铃鼓) | |
Chinese instruments are either played solo, collectively in large orchestras (as in the former imperial court) or in smaller ensembles (in teahouses or public gatherings). Normally, there is no conductor in traditional Chinese music, nor any use of musical scores or tablature in performance. Music was generally learned aurally and memorized by the musician(s) beforehand, then played without aid. As of the 20th century, musical scores have become more common, as has the use of conductors in larger orchestral-type ensembles.
These watercolour illustrations, made in China in the 1800s, show several types of musical instruments being played:
