Binondo Explained

Binondo
Translit Lang1:Other
Translit Lang1 Type2:Chinese
Translit Lang1 Info2:岷倫洛
Translit Lang1 Info3:Bîn-lûn-lo̍h
Nickname:Chinatown
Pushpin Map:City of Manila
Pushpin Label Position:left
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Philippines
Subdivision Type1:Region
Subdivision Name1:National Capital Region
Subdivision Type2:City
Subdivision Name2:Manila
Subdivision Type3:Congressional District
Subdivision Name3:Part of 3rd District of Manila
Subdivision Type4:Barangays
Subdivision Name4:10
Area Total Km2:0.66
Area Total Sq Mi:0.26
Population As Of:2020[1]
Population Total:20,491
Population Density Km2:auto
Established Title:Founded
Established Date:1594
Founder:Luis Pérez Dasmariñas
Timezone1:Philippine Standard Time
Utc Offset1:+08:00
Postal Code Type:Zip codes
Postal Code:1006
Area Code Type:Area codes
Area Code:2
Settlement Type:Constituent and Central Business District of Manila
Blank1 Name Sec1:Languages
Blank1 Info Sec1:Hokkien
Tagalog
Mandarin

Binondo is a district in Manila and is referred to as the city's Chinatown.[2] Its influence extends beyond to the places of Quiapo, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas and Tondo. It is the oldest Chinatown in the world, established in 1594[3] [4] [5] [6] by the Spaniards as a settlement near Intramuros but across the Pasig River for Catholic Chinese; it was positioned so that the colonial administration could keep a close eye on their migrant subjects.[7] It was already a hub of Chinese commerce even before the Spanish colonial period. Binondo is the center of commerce and trade of Manila, where all types of business run by Filipino-Chinese thrive.

Noted residents include Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, the Filipino protomartyr, and Venerable Mother Ignacia del Espiritu Santo, founder of the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary.

Etymology

Numerous theories on the origin of the name "Binondo", and that of "Tondo", its neighboring district, have been put forward. Philippine National Artist Nick Joaquin suggested that the names might have been derived from the archaic spelling of the Tagalog term "binondoc" (modern orthography: binundók), or mountainous, referring to Binondo's originally hilly terrain.[8] [9] French linguist Jean-Paul Potet, however, has suggested that the river mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatum), which at the time was called "tundok" ("tinduk-tindukan" today), is the most likely origin of the term, with the 'Bi-" prefix in "Binondo" indicating Binondo's location relative to Tondo.[10]

History

Founded in 1594, Binondo was created by Spanish Governor Luis Pérez Dasmariñas as a permanent settlement for Chinese immigrants (the Spanish called the Chinese sangleys) who converted to Catholicism. It was across the river from the walled city of Intramuros, where the Spaniards resided. Originally it was intended to replace the Parian near Intramuros, where Sangley Chinese merchants and artisans were first confined. The Spanish gave a land grant for Binondo to a group of Chinese merchants and artisans in perpetuity, tax-free and with limited self-governing privileges. The area also served as a midpoint in between Parián (modern-day Arroceros Urban Forest Park) and San Nicolas, since way before

the Spanish conquest of Manila in the Battle of Manila (1570), a Sangley Chinese community had already settled in Baybay (former name of San Nicolas, Manila) near Tondo on the north bank of the Pasig river directly on Binondo's west.

The Spanish Dominican fathers made Binondo their parish and succeeded in converting many of the residents to Catholicism. Binondo soon became the place where Chinese immigrants converted to Catholicism, intermarried with indigenous Filipino women and had children, who became the Chinese mestizo community. Over the years, the Chinese mestizo population of Binondo grew rapidly. This was caused mainly because the lack of Chinese immigrant females and the Spanish officials' policy of expelling or killing (in conflicts) Chinese immigrants who refused to convert.

In 1603, a Chinese revolt took place led by Juan Suntay, a wealthy Chinese Catholic. It was put down by joint Spanish and Filipino forces led by Luis Pérez Dasmariñas. In the aftermath most of the 20,000 Chinese that composed the colony were killed. The revolt took place right after a visit to Manila by three official Chinese representatives who disclosed they were searching for "a mountain of gold". This strange claim prompted the Spanish to conclude that there was an imminent invasion from China in the making. At the time the local Chinese outnumbered the Spaniards by twenty to one, and Spanish authorities feared that they would join the invading forces.[11] The Chinese afterward played down those events in an attempt to preserve their commercial interests. In 1605, a Fukien official issued a letter claiming that the Chinese who had participated in the revolt were unworthy of China's protection, describing them as "deserters of the tombs of their ancestors".[12]

During the brief British occupation of Manila, between 1762 and 1764, Binondo was damaged during the capture of the city. The new governor of Manila, Dawsonne Drake, formed a war council which he termed the "Chottry Court". Drake imprisoned several Manilans on charges known "only known to himself", according Captain Thomas Backhouse, who denounced Drake's court as a sham.[13] Binondo became the main center for business and finance in Manila for the ethnic Chinese, Chinese mestizos and Spanish Filipinos. During the Spanish colonial period, many esteros (canals) were constructed in the Binondo area, from where they entered the Pasig River. Among the many who married at the historic Binondo Church was Andres Bonifacio in 1895, who became a hero of the Philippine Revolution.

Before World War II, Binondo was the center of a banking and financial community which included insurance companies, commercial banks and other financial institutions from Britain and the United States. These banks were located mostly along Escólta, which used to be called the "Wall Street of the Philippines".

After the war and new development, most businesses began to relocate to the newer area of Makati. During the financial crisis of the early 1980s, it had the moniker "Binondo Central Bank", as the local Chinese businessmen engaged in massive black market trading of US dollars, which often determined the national peso-dollar exchange rate. Given its rich historical and financial significance, Binondo is said to have one of the highest land values nationwide.

The Binondo was plot setting for the episode "Mata" and "Mukha" of the 2010 horror film Cinco.

Barangays

The most populated barangay in Binondo is Barangay 293.
Zone 27: 287, 288, 289, 290, 291
Zone 28: 292, 293, 294, 295, 296

Zone/BarangayLand area (km2)Population (2020 census)
Zone 27
Barangay 2870.1277 km22,546
Barangay 2880.03718 km22,538
Barangay 2890.04449 km21,017
Barangay 2900.05753 km21,093
Barangay 2910.1064 km22,279
Zone 28
Barangay 2920.05359 km22,846
Barangay 2930.1273 km23,465
Barangay 2940.05067 km21,881
Barangay 2950.02587 km21,531
Barangay 2960.03502 km21,195

Places of interest and events

In literature

Binondo was mentioned several times in the novels of Dr. José Rizal, for example, in Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

See also

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Highlights of the National Capital Region (NCR) Population 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) . Philippine Statistics Authority . 14 November 2021.
  2. http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/388446/lifestyle/food/binondo-new-discoveries-in-the-world-s-oldest-chinatown New discoveries in the world's oldest Chinatown GMA news
  3. Web site: Chinatown Manila: Oldest in the world . Geni Raitisoja . July 8, 2006 . January 12, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120327040651/http://radio86.com/travel/destinations/chinatown-manila-oldest-world . March 27, 2012 .
  4. Book: Wherry, Frederick F.. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society. 9781452226439. SAGE Publications, Inc.. 2015-09-01. 355. 2020-08-04.
  5. News: How Binondo Became the World's Oldest Chinatown. Umali. Justin. 2019-02-04. Esquire. Summit Media. 2020-08-04.
  6. Book: Chinatowns around the World: Gilded Ghetto, Ethnopolis, and Cultural Diaspora. Bernard P. Wong. Chee-Beng Tan. 9789004255906. Brill Publishers. 2013-03-21. 272. 2020-08-04.
  7. Web site: Simon Ostheimer . September 12, 2012 . World's best Chinatowns . January 12, 2015.
  8. Book: Joaqiun, Nick . Nick Joaqiun . Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young . Anvil Publishing, Inc. . 1990 . City of Manila . 978-9715693134 .
  9. Book: Ocampo . Ambeth . Looking Back: Volume 1 . 2012 . Anvil Publishing, Inc. . 9789712736087.
  10. Book: Potet, Jean-Paul G.. Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog. 2013. 444. Lulu.com. 9781291457261.
  11. Book: Hua-ch'iao tui-yu Fei-lu-pin (The Overseas Chinese in the Philippines) . Chi Tien, Liu . 1955 . Manila . 37–41.
  12. Book: The Relation of China to her Nationals Abroad . MacNair, H.F. . 1923 . 30.
  13. Book: The Secretary at War to Mr. Secretary Conway . Backhouse, Thomas . Calendar of Home Office Papers, War Office . 1765 . British Library . London . v. 40.
  14. Web site: Binondo Food Trip: 12 Must-Try Binondo Restaurants & Dish... . 2022-03-11 . Guide to the Philippines . en.
  15. News: One Financial Center to rise as Manila Chinatown’s first and only grade-a office tower. August 10, 2024 . . August 10, 2024.