China Railway CRH2 explained

China Railway CRH2 EMU
Background:	1E3A91
Service:	2007–present
Manufacturer:	Kawasaki Heavy Industries, CRRC Qingdao Sifang
Family:	Shinkansen (E2 series)
Numberbuilt:	CRH2A: 60+40 trainsets (800 cars) CRH2B: 20 trainsets (320 cars) CRH2C (stage 1): 30 trainsets (240 cars) CRH2C (stage 2): 20 trainsets (160 cars) CRH2E: 20 trainsets (320 cars)
Formation:	CRH2A: 8 cars per trainset (4M4T) CRH2B/E: 16 cars per trainset (8M8T) CRH2C: 8 cars per trainset (6M2T)
Capacity:	CRH2A: 610/571/562/588/600/608 CRH2B: 1230 CRH2C: 610/626 CRH2E: 630/880(CRH2E-2463, 2464 and 2465)
Operator:	China Railway - CR Beijing - CR Shanghai - CR Jinan - CR Xi'an - CR Wuhan - CR Nanchang - CR Zhengzhou - CR Taiyuan - CR Chengdu - CR Guangzhou - CR Nanning
Lines:	Most 200-250km/h high speed rail lines across China, plus some conventional lines
Trainlength:	CRH2A/C: 201.4m (660.8feet) CRH2B/E: 401.4m (1,316.9feet)
Width:	3380mm
Height:	3700mm
Platformheight:	1250mm
Maxspeed:	CRH2A/B/E: 250km/h CRH2C (stage 1): 300km/h CRH2C (stage 2): 350km/h
Traction:	Water cooling IGBT–VVVF inverter control (CRH2B/E: Mitsubishi Electric type MAP-304-A25V141, CRH2A/C: Hitachi type CII-HHR1420A/B/D, Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric type TGA10/10A/10E/10G)
Traction Motors:	3-phase AC induction motors (CRH2B/E: Mitsubishi Electric type MB-5120-A, Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric type MT-205 CRH2A/C: Hitachi/CRRC Yongji Electric type YJ-92A, Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric type YQ-365)
Poweroutput:	CRH2A: 4.80NaN0 CRH2B/E: 9.6MW CRH2C: Stage 1: 7.2MW Stage 2: 8.76MW
Transmission:	AC-DC-AC
Electricsystem:	Overhead catenary
Collectionmethod:	Pantograph
Brakes:	Regenerative, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes

The CRH2 Hexie is one of the high-speed train models in China. The CRH2 is based on the E2-1000 Series Shinkansen design from Japan with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, and Hitachi, and represents the second Shinkansen train model to be exported.

In 2004, the Ministry of Railway in China purchased an initial 60 sets of the train from Kawasaki Heavy Industries with a maximum speed of 250km/h. However, the newer versions of the CRH2 are not related to the E2-1000 Series despite having the same exterior shell.^[1]

Variants

CRH2A

On October 20, 2004, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 60 sets of CRH2A trains from Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan. Along with 60 sets of Bombardier's Regina-based CRH1A, and 40 sets of Alstom's Pendolino-based CRH5A, these train sets are consider as first batch of CRH trains.

Each of the CRH2A set consists of 8 cars. The first 3 sets (CRH₂-001A - CRH₂-003A) were built in Japan, the next 6 sets (CRH₂-004A - CRH₂-009A) were delivered in complete knock down form and assembled by CSR Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock. The remaining 51 sets (CRH₂-010A - CRH₂-060A) were built by Sifang through technology transfer from Japan.

The first train arrived at Qingdao port on March 8, 2006, with little fanfare, and was not even publicized in China. These trains have a maximum operation speed of 2500NaN0 and started providing high-speed train service from April 18, 2007, the date of the sixth national railway speed-up.

According to Chinese and Japanese media, CRH2A trains started test trials ahead of commercial operation on the Shanghai-Hangzhou and Shanghai-Nanjing lines on January 28, 2007.

On September 14, 2010, the Chinese MOR ordered additional 40 sets of CRH2A trains (CRH₂-151A - CRH₂-190A) from CSR Sifang.

CRH2B

In November 2007, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 10 CRH2 sets with 16 cars per set (8M8T). These trains have been given designations CRH2B (CRH₂-111B - CRH₂-120B). Each CRH2B has three 1st seating cars (ZY), twelve 2nd seating cars (ZE), and one dining car (CA). Designed maximum operation speed is 2500NaN0 with a power of 9600kW.

The first units were delivered on June 29, 2008,^{[2] [3]} and came into service on the Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway on August 1, 2008.^[4]

CRH2C (CRH2-350)

After the introduction of the modified E2-1000 Series, Sifang built its own CRH2 with a maximum safe operating speed of 350km/h. The original train sets imported from Kawasaki had a maximum safe operating speed of 250km/h.

During June 2005 and September 2005, The Chinese Ministry of Railways launched bidding for High speed trains with a top speed over 300km/h. Along with Siemens's Velaro-based CRH3C, CSR Sifang bid 60 sets of CRH2C, includes 30 sets of CRH2C stage one with a top speed of 300km/h, and 30 sets of CRH2C stage two with a top speed of 350km/h.

In development and research of the 350km/h high speed train, The CRH2-300 project was launched by Chinese MOR and CSR. In 2006 the China Development Bank provided CNY 15 billion developmental financial loans to CSR Group for the projects of NaN0NaN0 high speed trains.^[5] Over 50 academics, 150,000 technicians, 600 contractors were involved in the project.^[6] This train's livery is not like the CRH2A, which the blue stripe does not end at the fronts of trainsets.

CRH2C stage one

CRH2C Stage one is a modified version of CRH2A. It has a maximum operating speed up to 300km/h by replacing two intermediate trailer cars with motorized cars. Equipped with an array of the state-of-the-art technologies, including aluminum alloy body with a reduced weight, high speed turntable, high speed pantograph, and optic-fiber based integrated control system.^[7]

Chinese MOR ordered 30 sets of CRH2C stage one, name code CRH₂-061C - CRH₂-090C. The first set, CRH₂-061C was unveiled on December 22, 2007.^{[8] [9]}

During the test on April 22, 2008, CRH₂-061C reached a top speed of over 3700NaN0 on Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail.^[10]

During the test on December 11, 2009, CRH₂-061C reached a top speed of 394.2km/h on Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail.^[11]

Together with CRH3C, the CRH2C stage one first came into service on Beijing-Tianjin Intercity high-speed rail on August 1, 2008, and all CRH2C stage one trains have been replaced by CRH3C in April, 2009. Currently, most of these trains are serving on the Shanghai-Nanjing high speed rail.

CRH2C stage two

CRH2C Stage two is the "re-design" version of the CRH2. Some of the details, like the aluminum body structure, noise reduction technology & reduction technique, draw on the CRH3C.And cancelled the driver's door. According to CSR Sifang, the improvements include the following aspects:

• The axle weight of the bogie increased from NaNt, to prevent tremble of the train body at a higher speed,^[6] the gear ratio has been optimized from 3.036 to 2.379, the critical instability speed is 550km/h.
• The thermal capacity of the bogie has been increased, which satisfied the continuous operation at 350km/h
• With the YQ-365 type AC traction motor. It has a maximum operating speed up to 350km/h with a power of 8760kW.
• The rigidity of the car body has been increased to lower the noise and vibration.
• Optimized car body and window design for better air tightness and strength.
• Added pressure protection system to avoid pressure fluctuation in the compartment and improvement of comfort.
• Optimized design of the roof antenna, exterior windscreen and windows for a lower air resistance.^[12]

Chinese MOR ordered 30 sets of CRH2C stage two, name code CRH₂-091C - CRH₂-110C and CRH₂-141C - CRH₂-150C. The first set, CRH₂-091C was unveiled in January 2010 and came into service on Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail in February, 2010.^[13]

CRH2E

In November and December 2007, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 20 CRH2 sleeper trains with 16 cars per set (8M8T). These trains are modified CRH2Bs, outfitted with traditional railway sleeping berths (couchette car) and have been given designations CRH2E (numbered CRH2-121E - CRH2-140E).Each CRH2E has thirteen 1st class sleeping cars (WR), two 2nd class seating cars (ZE), and one buffet car (CA) or one second class/dining car (ZEC). Designed maximum operation speed is 2500NaN0 with 9600kW of power output.

The first batch of CRH2E, CRH2-121E - CRH2-126E, came into service on Beijing-Shanghai railway on December 21, 2008.^{[2] [14]} On 23 July 2011, one sleeper coach on CRH2-139E trainset has been derailed in the 2011 Wenzhou train collision, together with CRH1-046B.

The rest of CRH2Es were deployed on Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway since January 2015, operating overnight sleeper trains between Beijing and Guangzhou (including some trains to Shenzhen).

Double Deck CRH2E

A brand new variant of the CRH2E entered service in 2017 numbered beyond CRH2E-2463.^{[15] [16]} Instead of a traditional railway sleeping berth the sleeper train is organized with the corridor running down the middle of the train car with double deck "capsules" on each side.^[17] Each capsule is similar in layout to airplane first class, and passengers are no longer sharing the room. Each capsule comes with independent tables, outlets, lamps, hangers and curtains. The body of the train is redesigned to reduce noise levels during travel. The trains have been dubbed "moving hotels".^[18]

CRH2G

CRH2G is a specialized cold and sand/windstorm resistant version of the CRH2 manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang. The trains were tested on the Lanzhou–Xinjiang HSR and Harbin–Dalian HSR.^[19] Tests where completed on November 10, 2015, and the first sets were assigned to Lanzhou–Xinjiang HSR.^[20]

CRH2-380

See main article: article and China Railways CRH380A. In 2008, the Chinese MOR & CSR launched CRH2-380 project, the main purpose is to develop new-generation of high speed trains with maximum operation speed of 380km/h. CRH2 is one of the fundamental platforms of the new trains, which is designated as CRH380A.

Formation

At the time of the sixth national railway speed-up, at least 37 CRH2A sets had been delivered by Kawasaki and Sifang.^[21] In 2008, all 60 CRH2A sets had been delivered by Kawasaki. The post-2008 production model of the CRH2 are designed and made solely by Sifang with a maximum safe operation speed of 350km/h.^[1]

Power Destination

• M – Motor car
• T – Trailer car
• C – Driver cabin
• P – Pantograph

Coach Type

• ZY – First Class Coach
• ZE – Second Class Coach
• CA – Dining Car
• ZEC – Second Class Coach/Buffet Car
• WR – Soft Sleeper Car
• WRC – Soft Sleeper Car/Dining Coach

CRH2A (Previous)

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type	ZE				ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Type	ZE		ZY	ZE	ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Type	ZE		ZET	ZE	ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Type	ZYS		ZE	ZE	ZEC	ZE	ZYT
Type	ZY		ZE		ZEC	ZE	ZY
Type	ZE				ZEC	ZY		ZE
Type	ZE		ZYE	ZE	ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Type	ZY	ZE			ZEC	ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		TP	T	MP	M	TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2
Capacity	55	100	85	100	55 (+16)	100	51	64
Capacity	55	100	46	100	55 (+16)	100	51	64
Capacity	55	100	43+16	100	55 (+16)	100	51	64
Capacity	15+4	51+4	85	100	55 (+16)	100	24+4
Capacity	42	78	85	100	55 (+16)	100	51
Capacity	55	100	85	100	55 (+16)	78	51	64
Capacity	55	100	16+43	100	71	100	51	64
Capacity	48	90	90	77	63	90	90	65

• Other train sets
• Set Nº. 2006, 2011 and 2021
• Set Nº. 2015, 2027 and 2030
• Set Nº. 2042
• Set Nº. 2043
• Set Nº. 2044–2060
• Set Nº. 2151–2211. Coach No. 3 has 16 First Class Seats and 43 Second Class seats
• Set Nº. 2212–2416, 2427–2460, 2473–2499, 2828, 4001–4071, 4082–4095 and 4114–4131

CRH2A (Renovated)

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type	ZE				ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Type (EC)	ZY	ZE			ZEC	ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		MP	M	MP	M	TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2
Capacity	55	100	85	100	55 (+16)	100	51	64
Capacity (EC)	48	90	90	77	63	90	90	65

• Set Nº. 2001–2009, 2011–2060 and 2151–2211
• Set Nº. 2212–2416, 2427–2460, 2473–2499, 2828, 4001–4071, 4082–4095 and 4114–4131

CRH2B

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type	ZY			ZE				CA	ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		TP	T	M		T		M		T	TP	M		TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2				Unit 3				Unit 4
Capacity	36	68	51	100	85	100	85	(32)	85	100	85	100	85	100	85	65

• Set Nº. 2111–2120, 2466–2472 and 4096–4105

CRH2C

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type	ZE				ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		MP	M	MP	M	TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2
Capacity	55	100	85	100	55+16	100	51	64
Capacity	55	100	85	100	54+16	100	51	65

• Set Nº. 2062–2067 and 2069–2090
• Set Nº. 2091–2110 and 2141–2149

CRH2E

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type	ZE	WR						CA	WR							ZE
Type	ZE	WR							WRC	WR						ZE
Type	WR								WRC	WR
Power Configuration	TC	M		TP	T	M		T		M		T	TP	M		TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2				Unit 3				Unit 4
Capacity	55	40						(0)	40	40						55
Capacity	55	40							20							55
Capacity	40	60							20	60						40

• Set Nº. 2121–2138 and 2140
• Set Nº. 2461 and 2462
• Set Nº. 2463–2465

CRH2G

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type	ZY	ZE			ZEC	ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		MP	M	MP	M	TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2
Capacity	48	90		77	63	90		65

• Set Nº. 2417–2426, 4072–4081 and 4106–4113

Accidents

See main article: Wenzhou train collision.

On July 23, two bullet trains were traveling in the same direction and the train in front, the CRH 1-046B was stopped by a or a faulty signal hit by lightning. The light that the second train was supposed to stop at was hit by lightning, malfunctioned and showed a green signal while it was supposed to be red. The second train was a CRH 2-139E. The CRH2 front cars fell off the viaduct and one standing at a 90° angle between the viaduct and the ground. The cars that fell to the ground are cars 1-3 and the fourth one was the one standing.

Distribution

Operator	Quantity	Serial number	Depot	Notes
Wuhan Railway Bureau	22	2011、2013、2033、2034、2039、2043、2045～2048、2050、2051、2053、2055、2169、2179、2180、2200、2205、2206、2209、2210	Hankou
	26	2017、2019、2022、2023、2027、2029、2035、2049、2052、2054、2056、2059、2060、2151、2152、2162～2164、2173、2192、2193、2199、2201、2207、2208、2211	Wuhan
Shanghai Railway Bureau	37	2001、2003、2005～2007、2009、2012、2015、2020、2024、2028、2031、2044、2057、2058、2153、2154、2159、2161、2166～2168、2174～2177、2181～2184、2186、2187、2189、2194～2196、2203	Shanghai South
	35	2002、2004、2008、2014、2016、2018、2021、2025、2026、2030、2032、2036～2038、2040～2042、2155～2158、2160、2165、2170～2172、2178、2185、2188、2190、2191、2197、2198、2202、2204	Nantong
Nanchang Railway Bureau	19	2215～2218、2233、2236、2237、2246、2249、2250、2252、2257、2260、2261、2284、2285、2290、2429、2430	Nanchang
	20	2212～2214、2220～2224、2247、2248、2251、2253～2256、2259、2291～2293、2302	Nanchang West
	18	2219、2235、2282、2283、2324、2427、2447、2452、2457、2458、4006、4012、4013、4045、4047～4050	Xiamen North
	7	2234、2258、2451、2453、2454、4008、4046	Fuzhou South
	22	2271、2275、2326、2434～2437、2440～2442、2446、2455、2456、2476、2477、2493、2494、4009、4014～4017	Longyan
Chengdu Railway Bureau	25	2230、2305、2321、2323、2335、2336、2338～2340、2385、2390、2438、2480～2482、2490、2491、4007、4022、4035～4040	Chongqing North
	8	2228、2231、2304、2325、2373、2492、4023、4042	Chongqing West
	13	2272、2333、2337、2360、2363、2364、2374、2391、2392、2395～2397、4020	Guiyang North
Nanning Railway Bureau	55	2238、2240～2245、2262、2263、2269、2270、2276、2279、2281、2286、2287、2296、2297、2301、2303、2312～2314、2327、2328、2346～2348、2370、2371、2375、2377、2378、2383、2386、2387、2393、2394、2398、2399、2401、2404、2407、2443～2445、2450、4018、4027、4031、4032、4069、4071、4114、4115	Nanning
	35	2239、2266、2277、2278、2280、2288、2289、2300、2306、2307、2366～2369、2376、2384、2400、2402、2412、2413、2431～2433、2439、4034、4041、4043、4068、4070、4116～4121	Guilin North
Taiyuan Railway Bureau	20	2294、2295、2308～2311、2316～2319、4122～4131	Taiyuan
Guangzhou Railway Bureau	21	2274、2298、2320、2330、2331、2341、2349、2350、2380、2381、2389、2403、2405、2416、2474、2488、4002、4004、4025、4056、4067	Guangzhou South
	26	2299、2329、2343、2344、2372、2379、2382、2388、2408、2409、2428、2448、2473、2475、2478、2479、2487、2495、2497、4003、4024、4060、4062～4064、4066	Foshan West
	6	2449、2496、2498、4055、4061、4065	Changsha
Jinan Railway Bureau	22	2225～2227、2267、2268、2332、2334、2361、2362、2365、2410、2411、2414、2415、2459、2483、2485、2486、4010、4011、4051、4052	Qingdao
	10	2345、2352～2359、2484	Jinan
Kunming Railway Bureau	43	2229、2232、2264、2265、2273、2315、2322、2342、2351、2406、2460、2489、2499、2828、4001、4005、4019、4021、4026、4028～4030、4033、4044、4053、4054、4057～4059、4082～4095	Kunming South
China Railway Corporation	1	2010		200~250km/h comprehensive inspection train
CRH2B
Shanghai Railway Bureau	10	2111～2120	Nanjing
Wuhan Railway Bureau	17	2466～2472、4096～4105	Hankou
CRH2C
Shanghai Railway Bureau	57	2062～2067、2069～2110、2141～2149	Nanjing
China Railway Corporation	3	2061, 2068, 2150		Track Inspection Train
CRH2E
Beijing Railway Bureau	17	2122～2126、2128、2130～2135、2137、2138、2463～2465	Beijing South
Guangzhou Railway Bureau	5	2121、2127、2129、2136、2140	Shenzhen
	2	2461、2462	Foshan West
China Railway Corporation	1	2139	Retired	CRH2E-2139 was severely damaged after Wenzhou train collision on 23 July 2011. Carriages 1 to 5 scrapped after derailment, Carriages 6 to 10 dismantled by MOR, and Carriages 11 to 16 transformed into inspection trains.
CRH2J
China Railway Corporation	1	0205		Comprehensive inspection trains in orange livery

See also

• China Railway CRH6
• China Railway CRH380A
• Hexie (train)
• China Railway CIT trains
• E2 Series Shinkansen
• List of high-speed trains
• THSR 700T

Notes and References

1. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/60da2222-8ab5-11df-8e17-00144feab49a.html Japan Inc Shoots Itself on the Foot
2. http://bbs.hasea.com/thread-296376-1-1.html 关于动卧车票及CRH2系列列车的一些最新消息！
3. http://tv.sohu.com/20080630/n257821447.shtml 视频：我国首列具自主知识产权长大编组动车组下线
4. https://web.archive.org/web/20220310215149/http://www.news365.com.cn/xwzx/shxw/200808/t20080802_1973540.htm 上海至合肥动车昨首发 全程3.5小时
5. http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-01/24/content_170214.htm 南车集团高速列车项目获国家开发银行150亿贷款
6. http://www.csrgc.com.cn/ens/xwzx/2010-03-05/1948.shtml High Speed Rail (HSR) in China: 5 Years Equals 40 Years
7. http://www.most.cn/eng/newsletters/2007/200801/t20080102_58152.htm Proprietary High Speed Locomotives
8. https://web.archive.org/web/20071231083258/http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2007-12/22/content_7295526.htm 我国自主研制的首列时速300公里动车组下线
9. http://www.csrgc.com.cn/articles/2007/12/24/20071224163651730035.html 国产首列时速300公里"和谐号"动车组成功下线
10. http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2008-04/25/content_8049113.htm 京津城际列车跑出370公里时速 创国产动车组纪录
11. Web site: 最高时速394.2公里比波音747起飞时还快 . 2010-10-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170827170424/http://news.163.com/09/1224/08/5R9KHAAE000120GR.html . 2017-08-27 . dead .
12. http://www.cqsf.com/portalEn/gsdcz/crhb/A020202index_1.htm CRH2C page on CSR Sifang official site
13. Web site: 南车青岛四方股份造动车组装备郑西高铁 . 2010-10-20 . 2020-04-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200403002251/http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/10942524.html . dead .
14. http://news.qingdaomedia.com/content_tv.asp?id=147249 南车四方自主研制的世界首批长大编组卧车动车组投入运营
15. Web site: 我国首列时速250公里纵向卧铺动车组下线-南方都市报·奥一网. 2020-06-07. epaper.oeeee.com.
16. Web site: 都是小"包间"！中国推出最新型纵向卧铺动车组-中新网. 2020-06-07. www.chinanews.com.
17. Web site: 中国第一款纵向布局"双层"卧铺动车组下线 - 行业 - 人民铁道网 - 中国官方铁路门户. www.peoplerail.com. 2017-07-02.
18. Web site: China's New High-Speed Sleeper Train is Literally a 'Moving Hotel'. nextshark. July 2017.
19. Web site: 中国高寒动车组拿到市场"准生证"，零下40°C照样跑_10%公司_澎湃新闻-The Paper. 2020-06-07. www.thepaper.cn.
20. Web site: 10 Dec 2015 . 高寒抗风沙动车组将亮相兰新高铁 11级大风也能行 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200403002326/http://xj.people.com.cn/n/2015/1210/c188521-27291462.html . 3 Apr 2020 . 2020-06-07 . xj.people.com.cn.
21. http://www.stdaily.com/big5/stdaily/2007-04/17/content_659273.htm 52列動車組將投入運營 37列為南車四方制造的和諧號CRH2型