China Cables Explained

The China Cables are a collection of secret Chinese government documents from 2017 which were leaked by exiled Uyghurs to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, and published on 24 November 2019. The documents include a telegram which details the first known operations manual for running the Xinjiang internment camps, and bulletins which illustrate how China's centralized data collection system and mass surveillance tool, known as the Integrated Joint Operations Platform, uses artificial intelligence to identify people for interrogation and potential detention.[1]

The Chinese government has called the cables "pure fabrication" and "fake news", further stating that the West were "slandering and smearing" them. The documents release sparked renewed attention to the Uyghur internment camps and persecution of Uyghurs in China.

Description and contents

On November 24, 2019, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists published secret Chinese government documents from 2017 dubbed as the "China Cables", which exiled Uyghurs had leaked to them. The documents consisted of a classified telegram called "New Secret 5656" from 2017, four bulletins/security briefings and one court document.[2]

The classified telegram detailed the first known operations manual for running "between 1,300 and 1,400" internment camps of Muslim Uyghurs in Xinjiang,[3] It was signed by Zhu Hailun, head of Xinjiang's Political and Legal Commission A, then deputy secretary of Xinjiang's Party Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. According to the American delegate to the UN committee on the elimination of racial discrimination, China is holding one million Uyghurs in these camps.[4]

The 4 bulletins are secret government intelligence briefings from China's centralized data collection system "Integrated Joint Operation Platform" (IJOP), which uses artificial intelligence to identify people for questioning and potential detention. It illustrated a connection between mass surveillance in China and the Xinjiang camps, confirming earlier suspicions from multiple international news sources.[5] [6] [7] For example, the predictive policing program flagged 1.8 million Uyghur users for investigation who had installed the file sharing app Zapya developed by the Chinese company Dewmobile on their phones.[8] One of the bulletins reveals that during one week in June 2017 the IJOP system detected 24,412 "suspicious" persons in southern Xinjiang, 15,683 of whom were sent to "education and training" and 706 were "criminally detained".

The non-classified court document is the sentencing of a Uyghur man to 10 years in jail for telling his colleagues not to watch pornography or consume alcohol, and to pray regularly. He also stated that "All people who do not pray are Han Chinese kafirs."

The main contents are:[9]

Publication and press reports

The cables publication by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and collaborating media in 14 countries on November 23, 2019, followed a New York Times report on November 16[10] [11] "puts to rest attempts by the Chinese government to portray the facilities in the western province of Xinjiang as anything other than internment camps" according to The Irish Times.[12] In 2018, the Chinese government had "legalized" the internment camps for people accused of religious extremism, after denying such centers even existed.[13]

El País wrote that the Chinese Embassy in Madrid did not answer their four questions, namely: If it collects and sends information about Uyghur citizens living in Spain or Europe to Beijing? How their visa policy has changed since 2017? If Beijing had requested to extradite Uyghur people? And if Uyghurs have the same rights as other Chinese nationals before the Embassy?[14] On December 3, 2019 Deutschlandfunk reported that China has been using DNA samples collected in the prison camps together with facial recognition technology to "map faces", a project which had been supported by European scientists. There were concerns that the system is used to facilitate ethnic profiling.[15] The German Max Planck Society founded the "Partner Institute for Computational Biology" and funded one scientist from the Beijing Institute of Genomics with a grant, even though he was employed by the Chinese police, the Ministry of Public Security. He published findings exploring the DNA of physical appearance traits in 2018 and 2019 in the journal Human Genetics by Springer Nature, and said he had been unaware of the origins of the DNA samples of the men from Tumxuk.[16] The NYT had first reported about ethnic phenotyping in spring of 2019, calling it "automated racism".[17]

Political reactions

Domestic

On November 24, 2019, Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said that the affairs in Xinjiang were an "internal matter". The Chinese embassy in London called the cables "pure fabrication" and "fake news". China has censored reports about the cables and erased almost all references to ICIJ searches on the Chinese internet,[18] according to Süddeutsche Zeitung, one of the collaborators of ICIJ China Cables.

International

European Union

In December 2019, the European Parliament approved a resolution condemning the treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. The resolution on China was adopted by 505 votes in favour, 18 against, with 47 abstentions. The resolution called on the Chinese Government to put an end to arbitrary detentions, without any charge, trial or conviction for criminal offence, of the Uyghur, Kazakh, or Tibetan ethnic minorities. The Parliament called for the sanctioning of companies and individuals that are complicit with any acts that would deter human rights.[19] [20] [21] [22]

Germany

In November 2019, Germany's foreign minister Heiko Maas condemned the internment of Uyghurs and insisted on talks with the Chinese government to gain access to the camps.

One year after the publication of the Cables, as of November 2020, no mission of independent observers has assessed the human rights situation on the ground, as the German government had originally announced. The Auswärtiges Amt said it was watching the situation and that ambassadors of EU countries were trying to travel to Xinjiang. A speaker of the Mercator Institute for China Studies said that the COVID-19 pandemic had allowed China to quarantine the region even more.[23]

United Kingdom

On 25 November 2019, the UK Foreign Office called for "immediate and unfettered UN access to the detention camps", per The Guardian, another one of the ICIJ China Cables collaborators.[24]

United States

On November 26, 2019, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said documents confirmed China intentionally committing very significant human rights abuses in Xinjiang.[25] On October 8, 2019, amidst trade talks between the US and China, Pompeo had introduced visa restrictions on Chinese government and Communist Party officials "who are believed to be responsible for, or complicit in, the detention or abuse of Uyghurs, Kazakhs or other members of Muslim minority groups in Xinjiang, China."[26]

On 3 December 2019, the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act was passed by the United States House of Representatives, awaiting consent by the Senate. It condemns abuses against Muslims, calls for the closure of mass detention camps and calls for sanctions against Chen Quanguo.[27] On June 17, 2020, US President Donald Trump signed the bill into law a week after it was passed by a veto-proof majority in Congress.[28] [29]

Others

As of November 2019, there had been no response by any United Nations personnel, nor any response from Australia, Japan, Canada, any Middle Eastern state, nor by the International Olympic Committee considering the fact that Beijing was to be hosting the 2022 Winter Olympics.[30]

Effects on foreign businesses in Xinjiang

As of May 2019, there were at least 68 companies originating from the European Union, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom that have ties to Xinjiang.[31] About a dozen were German companies; Volkswagen Group operates a relatively unprofitable car manufacturing plant in Urumqi since 2013, employing 650 workers, which was criticised as existing for solely political reasons.[32]

Bosch warned the Chinese authorities against internment of their employees and said that the company offers Muslim prayer rooms for staff.[33]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: China Cables, China's Operating Manuals for Mass Internment . Shiel . Fergus . 2019-11-23 . International Consortium of Investigative Journalists . en-US . 2019-11-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127114049/https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/ . November 27, 2019 . live .
  2. Web site: Read the China Cables Documents . 2019-11-24 . International Consortium of Investigative Journalists . en-US . 2019-11-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191209220303/https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/read-the-china-cables-documents/ . December 9, 2019 . live .
  3. News: Top US Diplomat Says China Document Leak Confirms 'Very Significant' Abuses in Xinjiang . Mamatjan Juma . 2019-11-26 . Radio Free Asia . 2019-12-09 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20191204060058/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/documents-11262019135803.html . December 4, 2019 . live .
  4. Web site: Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination reviews the report of China . 3 September 2020.
  5. Web site: Buckley. Chris. Mozur. Paul. 2019-05-22. How China Uses High-Tech Surveillance to Subdue Minorities. live. The New York Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20190522183612/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/world/asia/china-surveillance-xinjiang.html . May 22, 2019 .
  6. Web site: Byler. Darren. 2019-04-11. China's hi-tech war on its Muslim minority. live. The Guardian. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411054558/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/apr/11/china-hi-tech-war-on-muslim-minority-xinjiang-uighurs-surveillance-face-recognition . April 11, 2019 .
  7. Web site: Sudworth. John. 2018-10-24. China's hidden camps. live. BBC News. https://web.archive.org/web/20181024042319/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/China_hidden_camps . October 24, 2018 .
  8. Web site: Arrest by algorithm: Inside the dystopian state of surveillance and repression in Xinjiang . Welch . Dylan . Bogle . Ariel . 2019-11-25 . ABC News . en-AU . 2019-11-27 . Hui . Echo . Hutcheon . Stephen . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127230330/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-25/china-cables-beijings-xinjiang-secrets-revealed/11719016 . November 27, 2019 . live .
  9. News: China: Extreme brainwashing at Uighur prison camps exposed in new leak . Nik Martin . 2019-11-24 . Deutsche Welle . 2019-11-27 . en-GB.
  10. News: 'Absolutely No Mercy': Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims . Ramzy . Austin . 2019-11-16 . The New York Times . 2019-11-27 . Buckley . Chris . en-US . 0362-4331 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191222022035/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/16/world/asia/china-xinjiang-documents.html . December 22, 2019 . live .
  11. News: 'China cables' reveal secrets of country's Xinjiang detention camps after leak to foreign media . 2019-11-25 . National Post (Canada) via Reuters . 2019-11-27 . Reuters . en-CA.
  12. News: China Cables: 'The largest incarceration of a minority since the Holocaust' . Keena . Colm . 2019-11-24 . Irish Times . 2019-11-27 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127030911/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/china-cables-the-largest-incarceration-of-a-minority-since-the-holocaust-1.4089726 . November 27, 2019 . live .
  13. News: China legalizes Xinjiang 're-education camps' after denying they exist . Ben Westcott . Yong Xiong . CNN . 2018-10-10 . 2019-11-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181010182356/https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/10/asia/xinjiang-china-reeducation-camps-intl/index.html . October 10, 2018 . live .
  14. News: Un uigur en España: "No puedo hablar con mis familiares en Xinjiang por miedo a que les pase algo" . Grasso . Daniele . 2019-11-27 . El País . 2019-12-09 . es . 1134-6582 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191209225255/https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/11/26/actualidad/1574790231_859365.html . December 9, 2019 . live .
  15. News: China - DNA-Proben von hunderten Uiguren gesammelt, um Gesichter abzubilden . 2019-12-03 . 2019-12-04 . de-DE . https://web.archive.org/web/20191204072920/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/china-dna-proben-von-hunderten-uiguren-gesammelt-um.1939.de.html%3Fdrn:news_id%3D1076677 . December 4, 2019 . live .
  16. News: China Uses DNA to Map Faces, With Help From the West . Wee . Sui-Lee . 2019-12-03 . The New York Times . 2019-12-04 . Mozur . Paul . en-US . 0362-4331 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191205000345/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/business/china-dna-uighurs-xinjiang.html . December 5, 2019 . live .
  17. News: One Month, 500,000 Face Scans: How China Is Using A.I. to Profile a Minority . Mozur . Paul . 2019-04-14 . The New York Times . 2019-12-04 . en-US . 0362-4331 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190608204738/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html . June 8, 2019 . live .
  18. News: China Cables - Berlin scheut Kritik an China-Geschäften . Brössler . Daniel . 2019-11-25 . 2019-11-27 . Deuber . Lea . de . Giesen . Christoph . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127235717/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/uiguren-china-cables-menschenrechte-1.4697023 . November 27, 2019 . live .
  19. Web site: China must close its "re-education camps" for Uyghurs in Xinjiang, MEPs say. 2019-12-19. www.europarl.europa.eu. en. 2020-01-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20200109104114/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20191212IPR68927/china-must-close-its-re-education-camps-for-uyghurs-in-xinjiang-meps-say. January 9, 2020. live.
  20. News: EU parliament calls for China sanctions over Uighur treatment. 2019-12-20. The Economic Times. 2020-01-06.
  21. Book: European Union, European Parliament. 2019 Sakharov Prize laureate. 19 December 2019. op.europa.eu. Publications Office of the European Union . 9789284655977 . 6 January 2020.
  22. Web site: European Parliament Passes Resolution Condemning China on Treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. Radio Free Asia. en. 2020-01-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113135818/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/resolution-12192019145547.html/. January 13, 2020. live.
  23. Web site: tagesschau.de . 2020-11-23 . China Cables - Unterdrückung ohne Konsequenzen . 2021-04-13 . tagesschau.de . de.
  24. News: UK calls for UN access to Chinese detention camps in Xinjiang. Garside. Juliette. 2019-11-25. The Guardian. 2019-11-27. Graham-Harrison. Emma. en-GB. 0261-3077. https://web.archive.org/web/20191127195949/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/25/uk-calls-for-un-access-chinese-detention-camps-xinjiang. November 27, 2019. live.
  25. News: Pompeo says documents confirm China committing 'very significant' Xinjiang abuses . 2019-11-26 . Reuters . 2019-11-27 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127204418/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-usa-idUSKBN1Y021X . November 27, 2019 . live .
  26. Web site: US announces visa restrictions on China for Xinjiang abuses . Jennifer . Hansler . 2019-10-08 . CNN . 2019-11-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127110227/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/08/politics/xinjiang-visa-restrictions-state-department/index.html . November 27, 2019 . live .
  27. News: US House approves Uighur Act calling for sanctions on China's senior officials . Guardian Staff . 2019-12-04 . The Guardian . 2019-12-09 . agencies . en-GB . 0261-3077 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191209224223/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/04/us-house-approves-uighur-act-calling-for-sanctions-on-chinas-politburo-xinjiang-muslim . December 9, 2019 . live .
  28. Web site: Churchill . Owen . Donald Trump signs Uygur human rights bill into US law . South China Morning Post . June 18, 2020 . SCMP . 2020-06-29.
  29. Web site: S.178 - Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2019 . Congress.gov . 2020-06-29.
  30. Web site: Putting One's Life on the Line: Criminal Liability for Xinjiang Documents Leak . Elizabeth M. Lynch . 2019-11-26 . China Law & Policy . en-US . 2020-05-25.
  31. News: Which European Companies Are Working in Xinjiang? . Benjamin Haas . 2019-09-21 . China File . 2019-12-09 . Center on U.S.-China Relations, Asia Society . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20191209223628/http://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/features/which-european-companies-are-working-xinjiang . December 9, 2019 . live .
  32. News: China Cables - Welche Verantwortung hat VW? . Deuber . Lea . 2019-11-25 . Süddeutsche Zeitung . 2019-11-27 . Giesen . Christoph . de . Obermaier . Frederik . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127233414/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/china-cables-vw-verantwortung-xinjiang-uiguren-1.4696626 . November 27, 2019 . live .
  33. News: Deutsche Konzerne und die Uiguren in Xinjiang: Eine Frage der Moral . Preker . Alexander . 2019-11-25 . Spiegel Online . 2019-12-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127082259/https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/uiguren-in-xinjiang-vw-und-basf-und-die-frage-der-moral-a-1298116.html . November 27, 2019 . live .

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