China–El Salvador relations explained

China–El Salvador relations are the bilateral relationships between the People's Republic of China and Republic of El Salvador. China maintains an embassy in San Salvador and El Salvador maintains an embassy in Beijing.

History

Diplomatic ties between China and El Salvador were first established in 1933 when the Nationalist government held control of mainland China while Taiwan was part of the Empire of Japan.[1] El Salvador recognized the People's Republic of China on August 21, 2018.[2] China's State Councillor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi held talks with El Salvador Foreign Minister Carlos Castaneda. They signed a joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations, deciding to recognize each other and establish diplomatic relations at an ambassadorial level from the date of the communique's signing.[3] The government of El Salvador severed diplomatic ties with Taiwan in 2018 during the administration of Salvador Sánchez Cerén under the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front.[4] [5]

Trade

China exported US$1.5 billion of goods to El Salvador and imported US$105 million in 2019. The major commodities exported by China to El Salvador are machinery, textiles, plastic and rubbers, and various miscellaneous items. The major commodities that El Salvador exports to China are electrical capacitors, raw sugar, and coffee. Between 1995 and 2019, exports from El Salvador to China have increased at an annualized rate of 14.7%, while exports from China to El Salvador have increased at an annualized rate of 16.6%.[6]

Development projects

In 2018, Asia Pacific Xuanhao (APX), a company with links to the People's Liberation Army and People's Armed Police, announced a plan to lease 225 hectares within and around the port at La Unión.[7] [8] The purpose of the lease remains undisclosed.[9] In 2021, the United States designated two individuals "corrupt and undemocratic actors" for acting as "agents of the People’s Republic of China in exchange for personal benefit."[10]

Upon Nayib Bukele's visit to China in 2019, he had signed a series of MoUs with Xi Jinping, in which China would promise El Salvador a total of US$500 million in development projects. These projects include a new national football stadium, a new US$40 million national library, a tourist pier in La Libertad and Ilopango, and US$200 million on the "Surf City" project, thereby involving El Salvador in China's Belt and Road Initiative.[11] [12] [13]

Nayib Bukele announced on Twitter that a cooperation project granted by the People's Republic of China will have US$54 million new national library be built in El Salvador.[14] The Salvadoran President later announced on December 30, 2021, that the 50,000-capacity Estadio Nacional de El Salvador will be built to replace Estadio Cuscatlán as El Salvador's national football stadium, at a cost of US$500 million, in collaboration with China.[15] [16] [17]

Foreign aid

In 2019, China offered El Salvador around US$150 million in social projects and 3,000 tons of rice to thousands of Salvadorian victims to droughts.[18]

The COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador saw vaccine diplomacy increase between China and El Salvador. El Salvador received from China 150,000 vaccine doses of the CoronaVac vaccine donated by China, on top of 2 million Sinovac vaccines that the Central American nation had purchased.[19]

Culture

In November 2019, El Salvador permitted the opening of its first Confucius Institute at the University of El Salvador.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: El Salvador chooses China over Taiwan . 2022-10-16 . www.asianews.it . en.
  2. Web site: 2018-08-21 . 中国与萨尔瓦多建立外交关系 [China and El Salvador establish diplomatic ties]. ]. dead . CCTV network (in Simplified Chinese). . 9 February 2022 . 9 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220209211815/https://m.news.cctv.com/m/a/index.shtml?id=ARTIL1RRICS7CYWIzVdGsj0z180821 .
  3. Web site: 2019-12-03 . Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Nayib Armando Bukele Ortez of El Salvador . www.mfa.gov.cn . 9 March 2022 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309172049/https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cgla//eng/topnews/t1721808.htm . live .
  4. News: Horton . Chris . 2018-08-21 . El Salvador Recognizes China in Blow to Taiwan . en-US . . live . 2022-03-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220311143610/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/world/asia/taiwan-el-salvador-diplomatic-ties.html . 11 March 2022 . 0362-4331.
  5. Web site: 2019-12-04 . Former Taiwan ally El Salvador signs 'gigantic' infrastructure deal with China . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211113222131/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3830233 . 13 November 2021 . 2022-03-11 . Taiwan News.
  6. Web site: OEC . El Salvador (SLV) and China (CHN) trade . 9 March 2022 . 26 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220626074601/https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/slv/partner/chn?depthSelector=HS4Depth&redirect=true . live .
  7. Web site: Hille . Kathrin . 2022-04-14 . The Chinese companies trying to buy strategic Pacific islands . 2022-10-16 . . en . 16 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221016224602/https://www.afr.com/world/asia/the-chinese-companies-trying-to-buy-strategic-pacific-islands-20220414-p5adhs . live .
  8. News: Londoño . Ernesto . 2019-09-21 . To Influence El Salvador, China Dangled Money. The U.S. Made Threats. . en-US . . 2023-09-29 . 0362-4331 . 4 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230604135529/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/21/world/americas/china-el-salvador-trump-backlash.html . live .
  9. Web site: 2021-09-04 . A project in El Salvador shows how China is exerting growing power in America's backyard . 2023-09-29 . . en . 29 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929153007/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/project-el-salvador-shows-how-china-exerting-growing-power-america-n1278464 . live .
  10. Web site: 2021-07-02 . US designates 2 Salvadorans for helping China, corruption . 2023-09-29 . . en . 29 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929034748/https://apnews.com/article/china-78a711eee996c6fc569eae249c8d35bb . live .
  11. Web site: September 28, 2022 . Coercion, Capture, and Censorship: Case Studies on the CCP's Quest for Global Influence . 2022-09-29 . . 65–76 . en-US . 29 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929013634/https://www.iri.org/resources/coercion-capture-and-censorship-case-studies-on-the-ccps-quest-for-global-influence/ . live .
  12. Ellis . Evan . 2021-03-22 . China and El Salvador: An Update . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220219085109/https://www.csis.org/analysis/china-and-el-salvador-update . 19 February 2022 . 9 March 2022 . . en.
  13. News: El histórico acercamiento de El Salvador a China y la "gigantesca cooperación" que recibe a cambio . es . BBC News Mundo . 9 March 2022 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309172048/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-50666592 . live .
  14. 1444851910981341188. nayibbukele. La nueva BINAES (Biblioteca Nacional de El Salvador) es un proyecto de cooperación no reembolsable (donación) otorgado por la República Popular China. Su costo será de 54 millones de dólares (incluyendo equipamiento y libros).. Nayib Bukele.
  15. Web site: Bukele . Nayib . 2021-12-30 . Aquí la sorpresa: EL NUEVO ESTADIO NACIONAL DE EL SALVADOR . Twitter . 9 March 2022 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309172103/https://twitter.com/nayibbukele/status/1476738990850158614 . live .
  16. 1476739613507170311. nayibbukele. Esta es una colaboración otorgada directamente por el Presidente Xi y una muestra de la amistad entre los pueblos de China y El Salvador . Nayib Bukele.
  17. Web site: Estadio que construirá China en El Salvador costaría $100 millones . 2022-03-09 . El Gráfico . es . 6 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220106225226/https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Estadio-que-construira-China-en-El-Salvador-costaria-100-millones-20191204-0014.html . live .
  18. News: 2019-06-27 . El Salvador president says China relations fully established . en . Reuters . 9 March 2022 . 30 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230930000448/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-el-salvador-politics-china-idUSKCN1TS39O . live .
  19. News: 2021-04-04 . China to donate 150,000 Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine doses to El Salvador . en . Reuters . 2022-03-09 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309173542/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/china-donate-150000-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-doses-el-salvador-2021-04-04/ . live .

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