Chile bombings from 2005 explained

A series of bomb attacks, which continued with about 200 bombs up to that date, started in the capital of Chile, Santiago, in 2005.[1]

The bombings

The bombs were constructed by placing gunpowder inside a fire extinguisher. About two-thirds of bombs detonated, with the remainder defused. Targets include banks (about a third of bombs), police stations, army barracks, churches, embassies, the headquarters of political parties, company offices, courthouses and government buildings. The bombs mostly detonate at night, and there have been few injuries amongst passers-by, none serious. The only fatality was a young anarchist, Mauricio Morales, who was killed in May 2009 by a bomb he was carrying. In 2011 another anarchist, Luciano Pitronello, was severely injured by a bomb he was planting.

Claims of responsibility and notable incidents

Around 80 different groups claimed responsibility for the attacks; authorities do not know if they are dealing with a group that continually changes its name, or many separate cells. Some groups name themselves after past anarchists worldwide, including Leon Czolgosz, who assassinated US President William McKinley in 1901, and Jean-Marc Rouillan, a jailed French left-wing militant. "The friends of gunpowder" has also been used.

2006

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
January 18Bombing01SantiagoAn artifact exploded near the National Agency Intelligence (ANI). A worker municipal result injured while cleaning the sector.[2] León Czolgosz Autonomous and Destructive Forces

2008

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
September 25Bombing01SantiagoThe Comando Johnny Cariqueo claimed responsibility in a blast it happened in the third police station in the Metropolitan region of Santiago. The attack left a Carabinero with minor injuries.[3] [4] Comando Jhonny Cariqueo

2009

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
March 10Bombing00SantiagoThe Jean Marc Rouillan Armed and Heartless Columns claimed a bombing attack against a Mercedes-Benz in Santiago.[5] [6] Jean Marc Rouillan Armed and Heartless Columns
March 27Attempted bombing00ValparaísoAn improvised bomb claims responsibility for an improvised device which that was abandoned and denoted in a controlled explosion by members of the GOPE. The Explosive device were left in the window, in the offices newspaper "El Mercurio de Valparaíso", in the city of Valparaíso. The Brigadas Autónomas y Rebeldes Norma Vergara Cáceres claimed responsibility for the incident, claiming that it was in honor of the death of Norma Vergara Caceres, a Chilean guerrilla which were killed during an encounter against Carabineros de Chile.[7] [8] [9] Brigadas Autónomas y Rebeldes Norma Vergara Cáceres
May 4Bombing00Puerto Montt, Llanquihue ProvinceAn improvised device blast against the offices of Asociación de Productores SalmónChile and the Technological Institute of Salmon, in Puerto Montt, reported local media. The bomb planted by the "Comando Autónomo 3 de Mayo" caused a fire in the salmon farm's offices at 1:00 in the morning of May 4[10] [11] [12] Comando Autónomo 3 de MayoMapuche conflict
November 3Bombing01Las CondesAn improvised device blast in front of the Hotel Marriott de Santiago, in the commune of Las Condes, Santiago, detonating and causing property damage and a slightly injured guard. The authorities mentioned that the bomb was manufactured in a "professional" way, in addition to the fact that the attack was carried out in one of the most prosperous communes in Santiago.[13] [14] [15] [16] The group claimed responsibility for the attack, justifying its disagreement with Neoliberalism and social inequality in Chile and calling the owners of the hotel chain as "defenders and administrators of this order of hunger and slavery that has ended."[17] [18] [19] Banda Dinamitera Efraín Plaza Olmedo
November 22Bombing00Las CondesNovember 22 a branch of BBVA Chile were severely destroyed after an explosion.[20] Surgical gloves were found at the scene, presumably left by whoever planted the bomb in one of their bathrooms. The Carabineros Labs found the gloves with beads of sweat and after comparing the DNA with other detainees, there was no match.[21] [22] [23] Banda Dinamitera Efraín Plaza Olmedo (suspected)

2010

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
January 15Bombing03Plaza de Armas, SantiagoAn improvised device blast inside a Falabella store located in the Plaza de Armas in Santiago, leaving material damage and three slightly injured people (including a minor), in addition to the fact that no group claimed responsibility for the attack.[24] [25] a month later the group Banda Dinamitera Efraín Plaza Olmedo released a statement criticizing the attack, mentioning that it was labeled "unclear and unintelligible" since they claim that it affected civilians and that they are not the main target of the libertarian movement, pointing more to "centers of power "and government buildings.[26] [27] Unknown
January 16Bombing00SantiagoA day after an improvised device blast in a high voltage tower near the prison Santiago 1, the attack were claimed by the Brigada Insurreccional Marco Camenisch.[28] Brigada Insurreccional Marco Camenisch
September 17Bombing00Las Condes, SantiagoAn improvise device blast which affected an electrical transformer and a high voltage line in the commune of Las Condes, leaving only material damage, and momentary power failures. Days later a group calling itself "Comando Alex Lemun", which supports the Mapuche cause and the political prisoners.[29] [30] [31] Comando Alex Lemún
December 22Bombing00Las Condes, SantiagoAn improvised device blast in a branch of BancoEstado in the commune of Las Condes, a few blocks from the residence of President Sebastián Piñera. The Comando Insurreccional Andrés Soto Pantoja claimed the attack in protest neoliberal policies in addition to showing solidarity with other arrested militants.[32] [33] [34] [35] Comando Insurreccional Andrés Soto Pantoja
December 20Bombing00Independencia, SantiagoMilitants of the Comando Vengativo 8 de Diciembre claimed responsibility for the attack against the Departamento de Tecnología e Informática de Carabineros (Department of technological research of Carabineros de Chile), in the commune of Independencia, leaving no injuries. The same night militants blast an improvised device in a branch of Santander in the commune of Santiago, leaving only material damages.[36] [37] [38] [39] Comando Vengativo 8 de Diciembre

2011

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
February 7–11Bombing00SantiagoA ring of bombings in bank branches in the communes of La Florida and Las Condes. The affected branches belonged to BBVA, BCI and BancoEstado, and the attacks left only material damages.[40] [41] Comando 8 de Diciembre
March 15Bombing00Providencia, SantiagoAn improvised device blasts against the offices Chilevisión causing only material damage.The attack was claimed by the Comando Insurrecional Aracely Romo claimed the attack accusing the television station of manipulating the opinion of the population, in addition to showing the corpse of the militant Mauricio Morales after his death[42] [43] Comando Insurrecional Aracely Romo
May 11Arson, bombing00Quinta Normal, Peñalolén and Vitacura SantiagoAn improvised explosive-incendiarie artefact was abandoned in a branch of Banco de Chile located in the commune of Vitacura, Santiago. In addition, the group was complicit in other acts of vandalism that occurred in Quinta Normal.[44] [45] [46] In the same day militants threw Molotov cocktails against a local police court in the commune of Peñalolén. Carabineros Captain Marcelo Vilches, in charge of the procedure in the first instance, commented that "the guard did not appreciate how many people acted or their characteristics, since they were found inside the compound."[47] [48] Anarchists and Núcleos Antagónicos de la Nueva Guerrilla Urbana

2012

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
May 1Bombing00Temuco, ChileAn Improvised explosive device blast near a mausoleum belonging to former Carabineros de Chile, near a police station, at the same time, a phone call alerted to the installation of a similar element on the north campus of the Catholic University of Temuco. An anarchists cell so called Lumpenes Destructivos-Rodrigo Donoso Jiménez – Jose Huenante claimed responsibility for the attack.[49] [50] [51] Lumpenes Destructivos-Rodrigo Donoso Jiménez–Jose HuenanteMapuche conflict

2013

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
January 2Bombing00Santiago, ChileAn handmade bomb blast near offices belonging to the Agrosuper (the Chile's largest food conglomerate). The Brigadas Incendiarias Mauricio Morales, claimed responsibility for the attack, and accusing the group of being the main responsible for the deforestation, erosion and animal mistreatment of the country.[52] [53] Brigadas Incendiarias Mauricio Morales

2014

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
September 9–10Bombing01Viña del MarBetween September 9 and 10, 2014, two improvised bombs exploded in the Chilean resort town of Vina del Mar. On the night of September 9, a bomb detonated inside a supermarket, injuring one woman. The bomb consisted of a plastic bottle filled with aluminum and hydrochloric acid, was placed inside a trash can. The bomb exploded after the local janitor attempted to empty the trash can. The second device detonated inside the Open Plaza mall's bathroom.[54] Unknown
September 24Bombing10Santiago, ChileA home made explosive device detonated inside a man's bag while he was carrying it. The victim was later identified as 29-year-old Sergio Landskron Silva. In the aftermath of the explosion Silva remained engulfed in flames while laying on the sidewalk. Bystanders and policemen failed to assist the victim, fearing that a second explosive device remained in his bag. Silva was pronounced dead several minutes after being transferred to a hospital. According to Silva's brother, he has been living on the streets for a prolonged period of time, while struggling with drug addiction. Silva was allegedly planning to plant the bomb in the Yungay neighborhood of Santiago.[55] [56] [57] Conspiración de Células de Fuego

2018

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
May 2Attempted bombing00Santiago, ChileMembers of Carabineros de Chile and the Fiscalía sur investigate an improvised explosive device abandoned in the metropolitan area of Santiago. The explosive did not explode and was destroyed by members of the anti-explosive unit. The group Individualistas Tendiendo a los Salvaje claim responsibility for this and other bombs that didn't detonate.[58] Individualistas Tendiendo a los Salvaje

2020

DateTypedata-sort-type="number" Deaddata-sort-type="number" InjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
February 27Bombing00Vitacura, ChileAn makeshift explosive blast against a building in the comune of Vitacura, Santiago de Chile. The building belonging to a real estate company. The building were evacuated after registering a couple of explosions thirty minutes apart, without leaving injuries. The next day an anarchist cell, the so-called "Afinidades Armadas en Revuelta", claimed responsibility for the attack, saying that the objective of the first attack was against the wealthy class, while the second explosion was against members of GOPE accusing them as "rapers" and "murders".[59] [60] [61] [62] Afinidades Armadas en Revuelta

Aftermath

Several suspects were arrested and prosecuted, but most were acquitted. Injured bomber Pitronello was tried, but convicted only of lesser offences and sentenced to house arrest. Hans Niemeyer, a Chilean sociologist and anarchist, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment for planting a bomb in a bank in November 2011. Authorities were investigating links between anarchist groups in Chile and Europe. Two Chilean anarchists who had been tried and acquitted in Chile were later arrested in Spain, and charged with planting a bomb in a church in Zaragoza in 2013, an attack claimed by a group named after Mateu Morral, a Spanish anarchist who attempted to assassinate the King of Spain in 1906. In 2010 a letter bomb was addressed to the Chilean embassy in Athens. An opinion poll in 2014 found that about two-thirds of Chileans feared the attacks and felt that the problem was escalating, with nearly 30 bombs in 2014 by August.

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-28850708 BBC News: Chileans baffled by persistent bomb attack, 20 August 2014s
  2. Web site: Fuerzas Autonómicas y Destructivas León Czolgoscz. Terrorism Research & Analisys Research. 2020-12-22.
  3. Web site: Comando "Jhonny Cariqueo" reivindica ataque explosivo a comisaría de Santiago. La Tercera. September 16, 2008. December 18, 2020.
  4. Web site: ¡Septiembre rebelde no ha terminado! Acción contra la Tercera Comisaría de Santiago. Cedema. December 18, 2020.
  5. Web site: Explosión provoca rotura de ventanales en automotora de Providencia. Emol.com. October 27, 2020.
  6. Web site: Sabotaje a Concesionario de Autómoviles de lujo en Santiago. Cedema. October 27, 2020.
  7. Web site: Carabineros investiga presencia de supuesto artefacto explosivo en El Mercurio de Valparaíso. ADN Radio. 2020-10-19.
  8. Web site: Artefacto sospechoso obliga a evacuación de "El Mercurio de Valparaíso" (In Spanish). Emol.nacional. 2020-10-19.
  9. Web site: Sobre bombazo controlado a "El Mercurio" de Valparaíso (In Spanish). Cedema. 2020-10-19.
  10. Web site: Reivindicación del ataque a la sede de Salmón Chile en Puerto Montt. Cedema. 2020-01-06.
  11. Web site: 'Comando Autónomo' se adjudica atentado en empresa chilena. La Prensa. May 5, 2009. 2020-01-06.
  12. Web site: Chile: Atentan contra oficinas de SalmonChile. Aquahoy. 2020-01-06.
  13. Web site: "Efraín Plaza" se adjudicó ¡pum! en Hotel Marriott. La Cuarta. November 5, 2009. 2020-11-02.
  14. Web site: Atentados con artefactos explosivos en Santiago desde 2006 a 2019. Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. 2020-11-02.
  15. Web site: Exclusivo: Banda Dinamitera Efraín Plaza Olmedo se atribuye atentado de ayer en Hotel Marriot. Bio Bio Chile. November 4, 2009. 2020-01-31.
  16. Web site: Se adjudican bombazo. El Austral/Diario de La Araucania. 2020-10-31.
  17. Web site: Grupo anarquista se adjudicó bomba detonada ayer cerca del hotel Marriott. Emol.com. October 31, 2020.
  18. Web site: Reivindicación de explosión en el Hotel Marriot. Cedema. October 31, 2020.
  19. Web site: Un grupo anarquista se atribuye la bomba contra un banco en Santiago de Chile. Panama America. November 4, 2009. October 31, 2020.
  20. Web site: Un artefacto explota en un banco de Santiago sin causar daños personales. Público. November 2, 2020.
  21. Web site: Bomba explota en banco de Rotonda Atenas en Las Condes. Extra Noticias. November 22, 2009. November 2, 2020. January 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210129181444/http://www.extranoticias.cl/bomba-explota-en-banco-de-rotonda-atenas-en-las-condes/. dead.
  22. Web site: Bombazo afecta a banco BBVA y causa conmoción en Las Condes. Emol. November 2, 2020.
  23. Web site: Un artefacto explota en un banco de Santiago sin causar daños personales. Diario El Economista. November 22, 2009. November 2, 2020.
  24. Web site: Artefacto explosivo detonó en tienda Falabella. Cooperativa.cl. November 3, 2020.
  25. Web site: Gobierno descarta que explosión en Falabella tenga vínculo con segunda vuelta. El Mostrador. November 3, 2020. January 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210129193240/https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2010/01/16/gobierno-descarta-que-explosion-en-falabella-tenga-vinculo-con-segunda-vuelta/. dead.
  26. Web site: Anarquistas "critican" bombazo en multitienda de plaza de Armas. La Tercera. February 6, 2010. November 2, 2020.
  27. Web site: A PROPÓSITO DEL BOMBAZO CONTRA FALABELLA DEL PASEO PUENTE. Cedema. November 2, 2020.
  28. Web site: Bomba contra torre de alta tensión. Cedema. November 25, 2020.
  29. Web site: Comando se adjudica atentado de anoche en San Carlos de Apoquindo. La Tercera. September 17, 2010. 2020-01-05.
  30. Web site: Grupo que solidariza con causa mapuche se adjudicó atentado en San Carlos de Apoquindo. Emol.tv. 2020-01-05.
  31. Web site: Sabotaje a transformador eléctrico en San Carlos de Apoquindo. Cedema. 2020-01-05.
  32. Web site: Grupo subversivo se adjudica bombazo que afectó a banco. La Tercera. June 13, 2010. 2020-12-22.
  33. Web site: Explota una bomba a pocas manzanas de la casa de Sebastián Piñera. El Mundo. 2020-12-22.
  34. Web site: Acción contra Banco Estado en las Condes. Cedema. 2020-12-22.
  35. Web site: "Comando insurreccional Andrés Soto" se adjudicó bombazo de anoche cerca de la casa de Piñera. Austral Temuco. 2020-12-02.
  36. Web site: Comando Vengativo se adjudica una de dos bombas detonadas por muertos en San Miguel. El Ciudadano. December 20, 2010. December 18, 2020.
  37. Web site: Carabineros investiga ataque explosivo a recinto policial en Independencia. La Segunda. December 18, 2020.
  38. Web site: Reivindicación de explosivo en el Departamento de Tecnología e Informática de Carabineros (In Spanish). Cedema. December 18, 2020.
  39. Web site: Grupo anarquista se adjudica bombazo en funeraria de Carabineros. La Tercera. December 20, 2010. December 18, 2020.
  40. Web site: Estalla bomba en sucursal del banco BBVA en Santiago de Chile. El País. 2020-01-08.
  41. Web site: Acciones contra sucursales bancarias de BBVA, BCI y BancoEstado. Cedema. 2020-01-08.
  42. Web site: Noticias.
  43. Web site: Reivindicación de explosivo en cerro San Cristóbal. Cedema. 2020-12-22.
  44. Web site: Carabineros desactivó artefacto incendiario en sucursal bancaria de Vitacura. Cooperativa.cl. December 2, 2020.
  45. Web site: Artefacto incendiario obliga a evacuar sucursal bancaria en Vitacura. Emol.tv. December 2, 2020.
  46. Web site: Santiago, Chile: Adjudicación de artefacto incendiario en Banco de Chile. Contrainfo. December 2, 2020.
  47. Web site: Juzgado de Policía Local sufre atentado con bombas molotov. Seguridad y Defensa. December 2, 2020.
  48. Web site: Investigan ataque con bombas molotov a juzgado de policia local y registro civil de Peñalolén. Emol.tv. December 2, 2020.
  49. Web site: Artefacto explosivo detonó en mausoleo de Carabineros en Cementerio de Temuco. July 16, 2020.
  50. Web site: Artefacto explosivo detona parcialmente en mausoleo de Carabineros en cementerio de Temuco. Bio Bio Chile. May 2, 2012. July 16, 2020.
  51. Web site: Bomba estalla en mausoleo de Carabineros: Grupo anarquista se atribuyó el hecho. La Segunda. July 16, 2020.
  52. Web site: Explosión afecta a planta Agrosuper en Santiago centro (In Spanish). 24 Horas.cl. January 3, 2013. October 21, 2020.
  53. Web site: Ataque explosivo a Agrosuper. Cedema. October 21, 2020.
  54. Web site: New Chile bombings hit resort city. September 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141102164920/http://www.france24.com/en/20140911-new-chile-bombings-hit-resort-city/. November 2, 2014. dead.
  55. News: Chile Investigates Terrorist Ties to Man Killed by Another Bomb on Santiago's Streets. September 26, 2014.
  56. News: Identifican a hombre muerto en la explosión ocurrida en Barrio Yungay. September 26, 2014.
  57. News: Testigos relatan explosión en el barrio Yungay: "Tenía otra cosa en la mano, por eso nadie ayudó". September 26, 2014.
  58. Web site: Investigan supuesta reaparición de grupo "eco-terrorista" tras atentado a Landerretche (In Spanish). Bio Bio Chile. May 2, 2018. October 15, 2018.
  59. Web site: "Afinidades Armadas en Revuelta": El grupo que se adjudicó las bombas puestas en Vitacura (In Spanish). The Clinic.cl. February 28, 2020. July 19, 2020.
  60. Web site: Gobierno se querella por delito de colocación de artefacto explosivo tras estallidos en Vitacura. Bio Bio Chile. February 28, 2020. July 19, 2020.
  61. Web site: Grupo se adjudica detonación de artefactos explosivos de ayer en Vitacura. La Tercera. February 28, 2020. July 19, 2020.
  62. Web site: Adjudicación de atentados explosivos contra inmobiliaria Transoceánica en la comuna de Vitacura. Cedema. July 19, 2020.

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