| Chiba | |
| Official Name: | Chiba City |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Settlement Type: | Designated city |
| Image Map1: | Chiba in Chiba Prefecture Ja.svg |
| Map Caption1: | Location of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture |
| Pushpin Map: | Japan |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | |
| Coordinates: | 35.6073°N 140.1064°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Kantō |
| Subdivision Type2: | Prefecture |
| Subdivision Name2: | Chiba Prefecture |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Shunichi Kamiya (from April 2021) |
| Area Total Km2: | 271.77 |
| Population Total: | 979768 |
| Population As Of: | June 1, 2019 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | Japan Standard Time |
| Utc Offset1: | +9 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | City Symbols |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | - Tree |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | Zelkova serrata |
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | – Flower |
| Blank2 Info Sec1: | Nelumbo nucifera |
| Blank3 Name Sec1: | – Bird |
| Blank3 Info Sec1: | Little tern |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Phone number |
| Blank Info Sec2: | 043-245-5111 |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Address |
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | 1-1 Chiba-minato, Chūō-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8722 |
| Website: | https://www.city.chiba.jp/ |
| Chiba | |
| Pic: | Chiba (Chinese characters).svg |
| Piccap: | "Chiba" in kanji |
| Picupright: | 0.4 |
| Kanji: | 千葉 |
| Hiragana: | ちば |
| Katakana: | チバ |
| Romaji: | Chiba |
is the capital city of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It sits about 40km (30miles) east of the centre of Tokyo on Tokyo Bay.[1] The city became a government-designated city in 1992. In June 2019, its population was 979,768, with a population density of 3,605 people per km2. The city has an area of 271.77sqkm.
Chiba City is one of the Kantō region's primary seaports, and is home to Chiba Port, which handles one of the highest volumes of cargo in Japan. Much of the city is residential, although there are many factories and warehouses along the coast. There are several major urban centres in the city, including Makuhari, a prime waterfront business district in which Makuhari Messe is located, and Central Chiba, in which the prefectural government office and the city hall are located.
Chiba is famous for the Chiba Urban Monorail, the longest suspended monorail in the world. Some popular destinations in the city include: Kasori Shell Midden, the largest shell mound in the world at 134000m2, Inage Beach, the first artificial beach in Japan which forms part of the longest artificial beach in Japan, and the Chiba City Zoological Park, popular on account of the standing red panda Futa.
The name of Chiba in the Japanese language is formed from two kanji characters. The first, Japanese: {{linktext|千, means "thousand" and the second, Japanese: {{linktext|葉 means "leaves". The name first appears as an ancient kuni no miyatsuko, or regional command office, as .[2] The name was adopted by a branch of the Taira clan, which moved to the area in present-day Chiba City in the late Heian period. The branch of the Taira adopted the name and became the Chiba clan, which held strong influence over the area of the prefecture until the Azuchi–Momoyama period. The name "Chiba" was chosen for Chiba Prefecture at the time of its creation in 1873 by the, an early Meiji-period body of prefectural governors that met to decide the structure of local and regional administration in Japan.[3]
The first records related to the city of Chiba record the emigration of Taira Tsuneshige (1083? - 1088), a powerful bushi warlord of the late Heian period, to Shimōsa Province, which historically occupied the north of Chiba Prefecture. Tsuneshige was appointed as gunji administrator of Sōma District, but was transferred to the same position in Chiba District two years later. Here he proclaimed himself, became a kokushi governor of the province, and used the area around present-day Chiba City as a power base to rule over Shimōsa Province, Kazusa Province, as well as establish himself as a military force in the Kantō region.[4] Tsuneshige's son, (1118–1201) was instrumental in aiding Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199) with the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate. Tsuneshige built a spacious residence and numerous temples in present-day Chiba City, and in the same period he transferred his power base from Ōji Castle to a mansion in present-day Chiba City.[5] [6] The area of present-day Chiba City became jōkamachi, or castle town, and prospered under the Chiba clan.[7] The clan's power extended in the region until the Muromachi period.[8] [9]
The Chiba clan's power and influence declined because of wars around the Kantō region during the Nanboku-chō and Muromachi periods. In the 16th century, the Hara clan, which were vassals of Chiba clan, took control of the region from the Chiba clan and built Inohana Castle. In the Sengoku period, the Hara clan was forcibly removed by Ashikaga Yoshiaki (足利義明, not to be confused with 足利義昭). Then, Ashikaga Yoshiaki was also removed by the Sakai (酒井 not to be confused with the Sakai clan in Mikawa) clan, which was one of the servants of the Satomi (里見) clan. Finally both the Chiba and Sakai clans were annihilated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
In the Edo period, the, clan, and the clans governed the area now occupied by the city. A part of the area was also governed directly by the Tokugawa Bakufu. The Oyumi clan governed their territory stably. On the other hand, according to the Sakura clan, from the beginning of the Edo period, changed governors frequently, including Takeda Nobuyoshi, Matsudaira Tadateru,, and Doi Toshikatsu. Finally the Hotta clan stabilized the governance of their territory. Chiba prospered in this period as a post-town of the Tokugawa shogunate.[7]
After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Chiba Prefecture was established in 1873 with the merger of Kisarazu Prefecture and Inba Prefecture. The border between Kisarazu and Inba was the location of Chiba Town and was thus chosen as the location of the prefectural government. With the opening of the Sobu Main Line, Chiba developed rapidly, becoming the political, economic, and cultural capital of Chiba Prefecture. The town of Chiba was established within Chiba District with the creation of the municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Chiba City formed on January 1, 1921.[7] Numerous small villages and towns were merged into the previous, a process that continued until 1944. Large-scale land reclamation added to the area of the city throughout the 20th century. The city was a major center of military production leading up to the Pacific War, and the aerial bombing of Chiba in 1945. The city was almost completely destroyed by the end of the war. Post-war industrialization led to the city becoming a major part of the Keiyō Industrial Zone.[7] Chiba became a Designated City of Japan on April 1, 1992.[1]
Per Japanese census data,[10] Chiba's population has expanded significantly over the past 70 years.[11]
As of February 2016, the city had an estimated population of 972,861 and a population density of 3,580 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 271.76km2. There were 19,135 registered foreign residents in the city as of March 31, 2007, constituting about 2% of the total population. It is the 13th most populous city in Japan as of 2022.
Chiba was governed by Keiichi Tsuruoka, an independent (elected with support of LDP and Kōmeitō), until May 1, 2009. He was arrested in April 2009 during a corruption investigation by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police.[12] He was succeeded by Toshihito Kumagai of the DPJ, who won election in June 2009.[13]
The city assembly has 54 elected members.
Chiba has six wards (ku):
Chiba has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool to mild winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is somewhat lower in winter.
One of the many points of interest is the Experimental Station for Landscape Plants.
Chiba plays host to the annual International Chiba Ekiden and the Chiba International Cross Country takes place just outside the city. Chiba Velodrome is located within the city. It also hosts the Bridgestone Open golf tournament.
Chiba is home to several professional sports teams, most notably:
| Club | Sport | League | Venue | Established | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chiba Lotte Marines | Baseball | Pacific League | Chiba Marine Stadium | 1950 | |
| JEF United Ichihara Chiba | Football | J. League Division 2 | Fukuda Denshi Arena | 1946 |
There is no commercial airport within city limits. Narita International Airport and Tokyo International Airport (Haneda) are the closest major airports.
The Chiba Urban Monorail runs through Chiba City. The major intercity railway stations are Chiba Station, (Sobu Line, Sotobō Line, Uchibo Line, Sōbu Main Line, Narita Line, transfer for Chiba Urban Monorail), Keisei Chiba Station (Keisei Chiba Line), and Soga Station, (Keiyō Line, Sotobō Line, Uchibo Line) all in Chūō-ku.
Chiba has 20 public high schools operated by the Chiba Prefectural Board of Education and two public high schools operated by the Chiba City Board of Education, including Inage Senior High School. There are also nine private high schools, including the Makuhari Junior and Senior High School.
Chiba has 114 public and one private elementary school and 59 public and one private middle school.
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan. Chiba is twinned with:[14]
North Vancouver, Canada (1970)
Houston, United States (1972)
Quezon City, Philippines (1972) Minneapolis, United States (1986)
Düsseldorf, Germany (2019)
Tianjin, China (1986)
Montreux, Switzerland (1996) Wujiang (Suzhou), China (1996)