Chevrolet Bolt Explained

Chevrolet Bolt EV
Manufacturer:General Motors
Aka:Opel Ampera-e (Europe; 2016–2021)
Model Years:2017–2023
Assembly:Battery/drivetrain, HVAC and instrument/infotainment systems at LG, Incheon, South Korea, with final assembly: GM Orion Assembly, Lake Orion, Michigan
Designer:Sangyeon Cho[1]
Class:Subcompact car
Body Style:5-door hatchback
Layout:Front-motor, front-wheel drive
Platform:BEV II
Motor:2000NaN0 permanent magnet motor/generator, 266-1NaN-1 torque
Transmission:1-speed Electronic Precision Shift, final drive gear ratio 7.05:1
Charging:120 V, 240 V AC, J1772, SAE Combo DC (CCS) Fast Charge
Wheelbase:102.4inches
Length:164inches
Width:69.5inches
Height:62.8inches
Weight:35630NaN0
Predecessor:Chevrolet Spark EV

The Chevrolet Bolt EV (marketed in Europe as Opel Ampera-e) is a battery electric subcompact hatchback manufactured and marketed by General Motors under its Chevrolet brand from late 2016 until mid-2021 and again from early 2022 to late 2023. In mid-2023, GM officials said they would discontinue the Bolt; after outcry, they announced plans but no date for a next-generation model.

The first-generation Bolt was developed and manufactured with LG Corporation.[2] Sales of the 2017 Bolt began in California in December 2016; it was released nationwide and international markets release in 2017. A rebadged European variant was marketed as the Opel Ampera-e in mainland Europe.[3]

In 2017, the Bolt was the second-best-selling plug-in car in the United States. It was named the 2017 Motor Trend Car of the Year, the 2017 North American Car of the Year,[4] an Automobile magazine 2017 All Star, and was listed in Time magazine's Best 25 Inventions of 2016.[5] The Ampera-e was discontinued after 2018. By the end of 2020, GM had sold 112,000 Bolt and Ampera-e cars worldwide.

The first-generation Bolt has been subject to at least three recalls. At least 16 Bolts have caught fire, leading to a recall to fix or replace battery components[6] and GM's August 2021 advisory to park in open areas, at least 50feet away from other vehicles.[7]

History

Development

GM Korea began developing the Bolt in 2012 with a team of 180 people with the project code G2KCZ (G2 for Gamma 2nd-generation platform, K for hatchback, C for Chevrolet, and Z for electric car).[8] [9] Its initial concept debuted at the 2015 North American International Auto Show.[10]

, General Motors had tested more than 50 hand-built Bolt prototypes at the General Motors Proving Grounds in Milford, Michigan. The cars were tested at Proving Grounds and overseas for ride and handling dynamics, cabin comfort, quietness, charging capability, and energy efficiency.[11]

Alan Batey, head of General Motors North America, announced in February 2015 that the Bolt EV was headed for production, and would be available in all 50 states. GM also has plans to sell the Bolt in select global markets.[12]

In January 2016, at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, the production version of the Chevrolet Bolt was unveiled. During GM CEO Mary Barra's keynote at the show, Chevrolet confirmed an estimated range of 200miles or more, an approximate price tag (after government incentives), and stated it would be available in late 2016.[13] Barra projected in February 2016 that the European version, marketed as the Opel Ampera-e (or Vauxhall Ampera-e in the United Kingdom), would enter production in 2017.[14]

In March 2016, GM released photos and a short pre-production video of the Bolt at the company's Orion Assembly plant outside Detroit, testing manufacturing and tooling.[15] The car's user interface was developed in Israel.[16]

Profitability

An unnamed source cited by Bloomberg News estimated that General Motors is expected to take a loss of to per Bolt sold. A GM spokesman declined to comment about expected profitability.[17] Opel refuted that in December 2016 and stated that GM has battery cell costs of $130/kWh, and industry is not yet optimized for mass production.[18] A UBS tear-down in 2017 suggested slightly smaller losses per vehicle, of $7418 on a base spec, or $5520 on a higher spec vehicle.[19] They estimate that by 2025 the Bolt will make a profit of about $6000 per vehicle.

Production

Final assembly took place at GM's Orion Assembly plant in Orion Township, Michigan,[20] which received a upgrade for Bolt production.[12] Manufacture of the battery, motor, and drive unit started in August 2016 at LG, Incheon, South Korea.[21]

The car is designed for flexible production by having some of the battery in the same position as the fuel tank in internal combustion engine-powered cars, and is made on the same assembly line as the Chevrolet Sonic[22] [23] at a combined rate of 90,000 per year.[24] Although the car is assembled near Detroit, it has only 20% domestic-parts content.[25]

Analysts expected Bolt production at 22,000 per year, and Ampera-e at a few thousand.[26] Production may increase to 30,000 to 50,000 per year according to demand.[27] Regular production was expected to begin in October 2016 at 25,000-30,000 the first year.[28] [29] Initial regular production had begun by early November 2016[30] at a rate of 9 per hour, gradually increasing to 30 per hour.[31] Retail deliveries began in California in December 2016.

Bolt production was halted on August 23, 2021, while battery production was redirected to replacements under a recall affecting the 140,000 Bolt EVs that had been produced up to that time.[32] Production was not restarted until April 4, 2022.[33]

Recalls

In November 2020, 50,932 Chevrolet Bolt vehicles of model year 2017–2019 were recalled due to potential fire risk.[34] According to GM, these vehicles contained high voltage batteries produced at LG Chem's Ochang plant that may pose a risk of fire "when charged to full, or very close to full, capacity".[35]

As a precautionary measure, Chevrolet issued software updates that allow dealers to install a battery charge limit of 90% to their existing inventory while urging current 2017–2019 Chevy Bolt owners to enable the "Hill Top Reserve" option (2017-2018MY) or to set vehicle "Target Charge Level" (2019-2022MY) to 90%. A final software update was expected to remedy the charging capacity to 100% sometime in April 2021.[36], the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has confirmed five known fires with two injuries and recommends parking recalled vehicles outside, away from homes, until they have been repaired.[34]

On August 20, 2021, Chevrolet extended the recall to include all Bolt models (both EV and EUV) and model years (2017-2022) totaling the number of recalled Chevy Bolt cars to nearly 142,000.[37] GM will replace the recalled vehicles' batteries, citing manufacturing defects by its partner LG, which could be responsible for the shorting of deficient battery cells. Amid further investigation, GM says it will ramp up production of replacement battery cells with LG Chem, while seeking reimbursement for the recall from the manufacturer,[38] as GM expects the expense to be $1.8 billion.[39] LG Chem had to pay $1.9 billion to GM. Some of the recalled battery packs were repurposed in grid batteries.[40]

Cars which have had the battery-replacement recall done have the 259mile range of the 2020-up Bolt, and the new batteries are warrantied for 8 years from the date of installation.[41]

Discontinuation and planned revival

In January 2022, GM announced that the Orion Township factory would be retooled at a cost of $4 billion to produce Chevrolet Silverado EV and GMC Sierra EV pickup trucks, starting in 2024.[42]

The affordable segment targeted by the Bolt was expected to be filled by the Chevrolet Equinox EV as GM shifts its EVs to Ultium third-generation battery technology.[43] On April 25, 2023, GM CEO Mary Barra said that the Bolt and Bolt EUV would be discontinued at the end of 2023 to make room for GM's "new generation of electric vehicles."[44]

The announcement drew public outcry.[45] On July 25, 2023, Barra said there were plans for a second-generation Bolt[46] using Ultium hardware[47] and Ultifi software.[48] Plans for this new Bolt only include the Bolt EUV body style.[49]

GM ended Bolt production on December 20, 2023.[50]

Design

The Bolt was designed from 2012 by a team of 180 people at GM Korea[9] as a B-segment entry[51] on its own platform, the GM BEV2.[52] It does not share elements with the GM Gamma platform cars like the Chevrolet Sonic/Spark.[53] [54]

The EPA classifies the Bolt as "small station wagon", with less than 130abbr=onNaNabbr=on of interior volume.[55] GM refers to the Bolt as a crossover and puts it under the category of SUV on its website.[56] [57] The passenger volume is 94cuft, and cargo space is 17cuft[58] (381 liter).[59]

The Bolt's doors, tailgate, and hood are aluminum.[51] The driver can adjust the level of regenerative braking as the accelerator pedal is lifted.[60] The front seats are asymmetrical to maximize cabin volume while accommodating airbags.[61]

GM planned for over-the-air software updates during 2017[62] but the feature was finally released to the Bolt in April 2018.[63]

Pre-production name confusion

In 2015, Chevrolet acknowledged confusion between two vehicles with similar-sounding names; Bolt and Volt.[64] Chevrolet's marketing chief, Tim Mahoney, subsequently announced GM would keep the Bolt name.[65]

Autoblog projected similar confusion among European customers where the Opel Ampera-e (the Bolt variant) is just one letter off from the Opel Ampera, the previous-generation Chevrolet Volt sold in Europe – suggesting the names could confuse customers who think the new all-electric hatchback is closely related to the old plug-in hybrid hatchback.[66]

Tata Motors has had a car named the Bolt on the market since 2014, and has registered the trademark in India and other countries.

Cruise AV (autonomous vehicle)

The Cruise AV is a Bolt EV-based autonomous vehicle developed and tested by Cruise Automation, whose majority owner is General Motors; GM acquired Cruise in March 2016.

Pre-production versions of the Bolt EV were built at Orion Assembly in March 2016 and sent to Cruise, which modified the cars by adding sensors in San Francisco.[67] The modified pre-production vehicles were photographed in San Francisco in May.[68] Fifty of these first-generation (G1) Bolt EV-based Cruise AVs were tested from June 2016 in the San Francisco Bay Area and Scottsdale, Arizona.

After its acquisition by GM in March 2016, Cruise began working with GM engineers to develop the 2nd-generation (G2) Cruise AV, which would be assembled alongside regular production Bolt EVs at Orion Assembly.[69] The G1 Cruise AV has two roof-mounted LIDAR sensors, four small round headlights, and the Chevrolet "bowtie" logo on the front grille,[68] [69] while the G2 has five LIDARs and the same styling as the regular production Bolt. A fleet of 130 G2 Cruise AVs were completed by June 2017, with an expanded, better-integrated sensor suite.[70] The G2 (and G3) Cruise AVs are equipped with five roof-mounted LIDARs, 16 cameras, and 21 radars (both long- and short-range as well as articulating).[71] The first G1 Cruise AV was retired and sent to the Henry Ford Museum in March 2019.[67]

A prototype 3rd-generation (G3) Cruise AV was shown in September 2017; Cruise CEO Kyle Vogt said the G3 AV was designed to incorporate redundant systems and was ready to be scaled up for mass production at the Orion Township factory.[72] In addition, the G3 AV uses fault-tolerant electrical, communication, and actuation systems unique to the automated vehicle and not shared with the Bolt EV.[69] [71] With the completion of 50 G3 Cruise AVs in fall 2017, GM now considers the vehicle a separate model from the Bolt.[73] Externally, the G3 Cruise AV may be distinguished from the G2 by the color of the rooftop sensor package (black on the G2, white on the G3) and the two articulating radars: on the G2, these are black and replace the side rear-view mirrors on the G2; on the G3, these are white and are mounted just above the front wheels.[71]

Members of the press were invited to ride in a G2 Cruise AV in November 2017; they reported the choices made by the car's programming were conservative, but the self-driving system had minimal disengagements over the short trips.[74] [75] In January 2018, Cruise showed renderings and a prototype of its planned 4th-generation (G4) AV, which removed the traditional driver's controls such as the steering wheel and pedals[76] and largely retained the external features of the G2,[77] but further development of the G4 Cruise AV was canceled to concentrate on their next generation autonomous vehicle, the Origin, which was unveiled in January 2020 and lacks driver controls entirely.[78] The Origin is scheduled to be introduced in January 2023.[79] Cruise received approval to test cars without safety drivers on public roads in October 2020;[80] the first SAE Level 4 vehicles tested by Cruise were G3 AVs.[81] The safety driver was relegated to the passenger's (right-hand) front seat and did not have access to the traditional controls.[82]

Later in 2021, a G2 Cruise AV nicknamed "Poppy" was filmed for a short promotional video while undergoing testing in San Francisco.[83] The California Public Utilities Commission approved Cruise's application in June 2022; with the permit, Cruise plans to start offering driverless revenue taxi services in San Francisco with Cruise AVs.[84]

Refresh (2022-2023)

For the 2022 model year, the Bolt received front and rear styling revisions, along with a revised interior. The front end carries new headlights, along with a new faux-grille and trim. The tail lights and the tailgate hatch also differ slightly from the previous model. Inside, the shifter was replaced with gear shifter buttons and the seats were upgraded and now are slightly larger, with more padding. The interior received a larger info screen.[85] In addition, the electronics were updated with new software, and the L2 charging system was increased to allow charging at 48 amps, up from 32 amps. Dimensions of the vehicle remain unchanged.[86]

GM also began selling a Bolt EUV crossover SUV alongside the existing Bolt EV hatchback that year. The EUV and EV share the same BEV2 platform; however, the EUV has an extended wheelbase and some improved features.[87]

Specifications

Battery

The Bolt's battery uses "nickel-rich lithium-ion" chemistry, allowing the cells to run at higher temperatures than those in GM's previous electric vehicles, allowing a simpler[88] and cheaper[88] liquid cooling system for the battery pack. The battery pack is a stressed member and weighs .[89] It accounts for 23% of the car's value,[58] and is composed of 288 flat "landscape" format cells. Cells are bundled into groups of three connected in parallel, and 96 groups connected in series compose the pack, which is rated at 160 kW peak power.[90] GM offers a battery warranty of 8 years / 100000miles, and has no plans for other battery sizes.[18]

In October 2015, General Motors said they would purchase the Bolt's battery cells at a price of $145 per kilowatt hour from LG Chem, representing a minimum of $8,700 in revenue per car.[91] The cost is reportedly about $100 cheaper per kWh than the price LG was giving other customers at the time.[92] [93] GM estimated a cell price of $130/kWh in December 2016.[18]

While initially expected to share its lithium-ion battery technology with the second-generation Chevrolet Volt,[94] [95] the production version of the Bolt uses batteries with a different chemistry more suited to the charge cycles of a long-range electric vehicle, compared to the more frequent charging/discharging of hybrids and short-range EVs.[96]

The 2020 model year's battery capacity increased to 66 kWh because of a small change made to the battery chemistry that increased the EPA-rated range by 210NaN0. Physically, the battery is wide, long, and high, weighing .[97]

Drivetrain

Other specifications include a 200hp and 266lb.ft interior permanent magnet electric motor, acceleration from 0mph30mph in 2.9 seconds and 0mph60mph in less than 7 seconds, and a top speed of 91mph. The 72-slot/8-pole electric motor is integrated with a single-speed transmission and differential, to form a single modular drive unit that connects directly to the front axles. The single-speed transmission has a final drive ratio of 7.05:1.[98] [99] [100] [101] [102]

Body and chassis

The Bolt EV is tall hatchback design, with a curb weight of 3580lb.[103] Despite its height of nearly 63abbr=offNaNabbr=off, the center of gravity is less than 21inches above the ground, thanks to the under-floor mounting of the battery pack. This yields surprisingly stable handling during cornering.

Bolt uses the now-common kammback/hatchback low-drag body design, with sweeping curves leading to an abrupt back end. It was initially reported to have a [51] but GM says the final production vehicle has .[104]

Range and efficiency

Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) five-cycle test methodology, the Bolt fuel economy is rated at 119 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpg-e) (119mpge) for combined driving, in city and in highway.[105]

The Bolt EV has a combined EPA-rated range of 238miles. For city driving, the EPA rated the Bolt range at 255miles, and due to its relatively high drag coefficient, its range for highway driving is 217miles.[106]

The Ampera-e has a certified range of 520km (320miles) under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test cycle with a full battery, and achieved a range of 380km (240miles) under the more strict Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP). Opel expected the Ampera-e to achieve a NEDC range of about 500km (300miles).[107]

Before the Tesla Model 3 was introduced in July 2017, the Bolt was the only plug-in electric car with a manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) of less than capable of delivering an EPA-rated range of over 200miles.[108]

As of the 2020 model year, the Bolt has an EPA all-electric range of 259miles,[109] up from 238miles for the 2017–2019 model years, and EPA fuel economy rating of for combined city/highway driving.

Charging

All models of Bolt support standard SAE J1772 EV charging plugs, at Level 1 or Level 2 (AC). A factory option supports Level 3 (rapid DC) charging with the CCS1 connector. For model year 2021, the upper trim level ("Premier") was equipped with the CCS1 connector as standard.[110] A portable Level 1 charging adapter is supplied with each Bolt, stowed in a special compartment under the hatchback floor. It is UL Listed to operate at 120 VAC in the US market but is capable of operating at 240 VAC.[111]

Level 1 (110 VAC) charging supplies roughly 1 kW[59] and adds 3miles5miles of range per hour of charging. Level 2 (240 VAC) charging supplies up to 7.2 kW[59] and adds 20miles30miles of range per hour of charging. Level 3 charging with the factory-option 55 kW SAE Combo DC fast charging system[112] can add 150miles of range per hour. The Bolt user manual suggests fast-charging to only 80% charge to ensure consistent 50 kW charging.[23] The fast charge rate steps down to 38 kW at 56% charge and again to 24 kW at 68% charge. Above 85%, the charge rate varies from 16 kW to 0 kW.[113]

With the 2022 refresh, the on-board AC charger was upgraded to a maximum rate of 11.5 kW and the CCS1 connector was made standard, although DC charging remained limited to a maximum rate of 55 kW.[114]

Tires

The Bolt EV is delivered with self-sealing tires whose interior surfaces are coated with a sticky compound to automatically seal small leaks and punctures in the tread area. There is no spare tire, nor is there a built-in place to store one. The car is equipped with a digital tire-pressure monitoring system to warn the driver if a tire is leaking, and a portable air compressor kit is supplied as an optional part.[115] Under the rear hatchback cargo deck, there is a space that can be used to store an undersized spare, and some owners carry a compatible Chevrolet Cruze spare tire there.[116]

Test drives

The EPA-rated range of 238miles was confirmed by automotive reporters driving a preproduction Bolt with a 60-kWh battery. Driven under different driving modes with the air conditioning on, the trip between Monterey and Santa Barbara was completed with an energy consumption of 50.1 kWh, representing an average efficiency of . A total of 237.8miles were driven, with the Bolt's display showing 34miles of range remaining.[117] Several other journalists conducted a preproduction Bolt test drive on the same route, and all reported similar results regarding the Bolt EPA-estimated range.[118] [119] [120] [121] [122]

As part of its debut at the 2016 Paris Motor Show, Opel reported driving an Ampera-e without recharging from Piccadilly Circus in London to Porte de Versailles in Paris, the venue of the exhibition. The rebadged Bolt traveled 417km (259miles) with 80km (50miles) of range remaining.[107] [123]

Markets and sales

Chevrolet Bolt / Opel Ampera-e sales numbers[124] [125] !Calendar year!US!Canada!South Korea!Brazil!Mexico!Europe
201723,876[126] 2,1225700101,918
201818,0192,6284,7220202,731
201916,4184,0504,0377272,510
202020,7544,0251,579108382,775
202122,0734,6681,01613218115
2022[127] 38,1206,3722,60610421
202362,04414,0751,87660146-

United States

Pre-production versions of the Bolt EV were built in March 2016 and sent to Cruise Automation, which modified them as test vehicles for autonomous driving.[128] The modified pre-production vehicles were photographed in San Francisco in May.[68]

Ordering began in California and Oregon in mid-October 2016.[129] Production for the model year 2017 began in November 2016.[130] The first three Bolts were delivered in the San Francisco Bay Area on December 13, 2016,[131] and a total of 579 units were delivered in 2016. Availability was rolled out gradually across the United States, and by August 2017 the car was available nationwide.[131]

To align production with demand, GM slowed production in July 2017.[132] Subsequently, in the last months of 2017 Bolt demand rose rapidly; by October, it outsold any other model of electric car, including those from Tesla.[133] Sales totaled 23,297 units in 2017, making the Bolt the U.S. second best selling plug-in car in 2017 after the Tesla Model S (≈26,500).[134] [135] In California, the Bolt listed as the top selling plug-in car with 13,487 units delivered, ahead of the much more expensive Tesla Model S, listed second with 11,813.[136] The Bolt also led the state's subcompact segment in 2017, with a market share of 14.7% of all new cars sold in this category.[137], cumulative sales in the American market totaled 26,477 units.[134]

In January 2019, GM reported that 2018 US sales for the Bolt totaled 18,019, down 22% from the previous year. (US sales of the Tesla Model 3, on the other hand, jumped from 1,764 in 2017 to 139,782 in 2018.[138]) The combined sales of the Bolt and Volt also triggered the start of the full $7,500 tax credit phase out in Q4 2018, prompting the tax credit to reduce to $3,750 in April 2019 and $1,875 in October 2019 before disappearing entirely April 2020.[139]

Canada

The Bolt has been available in Canada since the beginning of 2017. A total of 4,025 Bolt EVs were sold in Canada in 2020.[134]

South Korea

In South Korea, General Motors opened the order books on March 18, 2017, and all 400 units of the first allotment were sold out in 2 hours.[140]

European countries

The European version began production in February 2017.[141]

The Ampera-e launch in the Norwegian market was scheduled for April 2017, when 13 were registered.[142] [143] Deliveries to retail customers began on May 17, 2017.[144] Over 4,000 cars were ordered in Norway, with some to be delivered in 2018. Registrations totaled 1,121 units in 2017.[145]

European discontinuation controversy

The Ampera-e was first offered for sale in Norway, the first country in Europe where it was marketed, at a starting price of in December 2016, higher than that of the Nissan Leaf and BMW i3. Availability was limited, as the Ampera-e and Bolt both were assembled at the same Orion Township factory.[146] Three months later in March 2017, Groupe PSA agreed to acquire Opel, the English twin sister brand Vauxhall and the European auto lending business from General Motors as GM exited the European market;[147] the acquisition was completed in November.[148]

By October 2017, European sales had expanded into Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Germany; there were 4,000-5,000 orders for the Ampera-e in Norway alone, which has a population of 5.2 million.[149] However, dealers in Europe were asked to completely stop accepting orders for the Opel Ampera-e at the same time, as the entire annual allotment for Europe had been sold and the earliest possible delivery date was pushed to 2019.[150] [151] The starting price was raised to in November.[152] The fact that Opel was limiting orders of the Ampera-e in Norway, its most promising market, led to speculation that GM was planning to discontinue the model in Europe.[153] GM previously has been accused of purposefully sabotaging its EV1 programme,[154] most notably in the 2006 documentary film Who Killed the Electric Car?.[155]

In February 2018, it was reported that 1,971 Opel Ampera-e had been sold in Europe to date.[156] Deliveries in Norway trickled at fewer than 100 units per month in 2018.[157] For comparison, in 2018, the Hyundai Kona Electric, equipped with a 64 kWh battery and offering comparable range to the Ampera-e, was offered for sale in Norway. The entire yearly allotment, 2,500 vehicles, was sold out almost instantly.[158]

although in November 2018, it was reported to be on sale in the Netherlands for, possibly as a way to reduce overall emissions of the cars sold by Opel/Vauxhall.[159] Sales records show that, as of February 2019, fewer than 5,000 Ampera-e vehicles were ever delivered in the entirety of Europe.[160] Even though the Ampera-e could be ordered and bought in the Netherlands in 2019, its steep price was still an issue. In early 2020, the importer lowered the price to €34,149.[161] This was enough to put the car in the top 10 of bestselling cars in the country (regardless of the powertrain), and make it #1 among electric cars.[162] [163] [164] However, the 2020 price reduction was an incentive to sell the remaining stock;[161] as of 2020, Opel refuses to import any more Bolt/Ampera-e into the Netherlands and Germany.

Opel/Vauxhall offered the Opel Crossland X, a gasoline- or diesel-powered crossover utility vehicle with styling mildly reminiscent of the Bolt, using a platform developed by Groupe PSA under a partnership with GM predating the acquisition.[165] Under PSA, Opel/Vauxhall announced plans to offer EVs based on the Opel Corsa and the Peugeot 208, both being smaller cars than the Bolt.[152] [166] The Corsa-e went on sale in March 2020.[167]

Awards and recognition

The Bolt won the 2017 Motor Trend Car of the Year award,[168] the 2017 North American Car of the Year,[4] [169] the 2017 AutoGuide.com Reader's Choice Green Car of the Year,[170] 2017 Popular Mechanics Automotive Excellence Awards Car of the Year[171] and the Green Car Reports Best Car To Buy 2017.[172] The Bolt also ended up Car & Driver's '10 Best Cars' list for 2017.[173] The Chevy Bolt also won the 2017 Green Car of the Year awarded by the Green Car Journal.[174] It was also named by Time among its list of 25 Best Inventions of 2016,[175] and among Popular Science 10 Greatest Automotive Innovations of 2016.[176] The Bolt EV beat out the Cadillac CT6 and Jaguar XE to win the Detroit Free Press award for Car of the Year.[177] Automobile included the Bolt in its 2017 All Star list.[178]

See also

Notes and references

Note

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  5. News: Cobb. Jeff. November 23, 2016. 2017 Chevy Bolt's Trophy Case Is Filling Up. HybridCars.com. November 23, 2016.
  6. Web site: 2021-11-15 . Battery Experts Provide Explanations for Chevy Bolt Fires . 2023-08-08 . Autoweek . en-US.
  7. Web site: GM tells Bolt EV owners park away from vehicles in decks. September 16, 2021. www.msn.com.
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  9. Web site: Bolt's Lead Designer Describes Clean-Sheet Creation . Vince . Courtenay . wardsauto.com . April 26, 2017 . May 18, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170426124215/http://wardsauto.com/technology/bolt-s-lead-designer-describes-clean-sheet-creation . April 26, 2017 . live . Stuart Norris .. arrived in Korea in the fall of 2012 to start laying the groundwork for the Bolt's design .
  10. News: Chevrolet Bolt EV Concept foreshadows an affordable, 200-mile EV future [w/videos] ]. Brandon . Turkus . Autoblog.com . January 12, 2015 . January 12, 2015.
  11. News: Chevy ramps up development of Bolt EV. Greg . Migliore . Autoblog.com . June 24, 2015. June 24, 2015.
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  13. News: Chevrolet Bolt unveiled at CES Today. Mike . Szostech. January 6, 2016. January 15, 2016.
  14. News: GM Unveils an All-Electric Car for Europe . Kirsten . Korosec . . February 11, 2016 . February 12, 2016.
  15. News: Chevy is getting the Bolt EV ready for production. Roberto. Baldwin . . March 22, 2016 . March 23, 2016.
  16. News: From Renault to Skoda, big carmakers are flocking to Israel. Haaretz.
  17. News: GM's Ready to Lose $9,000 a Pop and Chase the Electric Car Boom . David . Welch . John . Lippert . . November 30, 2016 . December 9, 2016.
  18. Web site: Her produseres elbilen og bensinbilen på samme linje. . Per Erlien . Dalløkken . December 23, 2016 . December 25, 2016 . koster battericellene dem nå cirka 130 dollar per kilowattime.. .. fnyser av påstanden om at de på sikt, når produksjonen er skrudd opp, skal tape penger på elbilen.
  19. Web site: Q-Series UBS Evidence Lab Electric Car Teardown – Disruption Ahead? . 45 . Union Bank of Switzerland . May 18, 2017 . December 31, 2018.
  20. News: GM cautiously ramps up Bolt electric car production. Reuters. November 5, 2016. White. Joseph.
  21. Web site: LG gears up for new era in auto parts industry . https://web.archive.org/web/20161005230335/http://m.koreatimes.co.kr/phone/news/view.jsp?req_newsidx=212120. dead. October 5, 2016. . August 17, 2016.
  22. Web site: Tesla's Next Broken Promise. . September 21, 2016 . October 14, 2016.
  23. Web site: December 14, 2016. Opel Ampera-e. December 14, 2016. Teknisk Ukeblad.
  24. News: RPT-GM cautiously ramps up Bolt electric car production . https://web.archive.org/web/20161108145506/http://uk.reuters.com/article/gm-bolt-idUKL1N1D51Z2 . Joseph . White . November 7, 2016 . November 8, 2016 . Reuters UK . November 12, 2016 . live . GM redesigned the Orion assembly operation to allow workers to build either Bolts or Sonics and can shift production depending on demand .
  25. Web site: Mays . Kelsey . 2018 American-Made Index: What About the Least American Cars? . Cars.com . US . June 21, 2018 . September 29, 2019.
  26. News: GM Orion readies for Chevy Bolt EV production. Melissa . Burden . The Detroit News. September 13, 2016 . November 5, 2016.
  27. Web site: 'Not a compliance car,' GM says 2017 Chevy Bolt can meet demand of over 50,000 per year . HybridCars.com. January 14, 2016 .
  28. Web site: Chevy, GMC plan new and improved crossovers. July 15, 2016.
  29. Web site: Chevrolet Bolt To Be Built In Michigan In October 2016, Opel "Companion" EV Coming Too (Updates). InsideEVs.
  30. Web site: GM starts producing 200-mile electric Chevrolet Bolt . Tom . Krisher . November 5, 2016 . November 5, 2016 . News: General Motors starts producing 200-mile electric Chevrolet Bolt . . https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161210/http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/cars/general-motors-starts-producing-200-mile-electric-chevrolet-bolt/55256894 . November 5, 2016.
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  32. News: GM prioritizes fixing Chevy Bolts before restarting production . LaReau, Jamie L. . October 13, 2021 . Detroit Free Press . 6 March 2023.
  33. News: GM keeps Orion Assembly idle until spring, leaving no new Bolts to buy . LaReau, Jamie L. . February 15, 2022 . Detroit Free Press . 6 March 2023.
  34. Web site: brandon.gobel@dot.gov . November 13, 2020. NHTSA Consumer Alert: Important Chevrolet Bolt Recall for Fire Risk. December 5, 2020. NHTSA. en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210815132351/https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/consumer-alert-chevrolet-bolt-recall-fire-risk . August 15, 2021 . live.
  35. Web site: Part 573 Safety Recall Report. live. National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration. https://web.archive.org/web/20201114160809/https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2020/RCLRPT-20V701-2513.PDF . November 14, 2020 .
  36. Web site: November 17, 2020. Bolt EV Recall. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201113203003/https://my.chevrolet.com/how-to-support/safety/boltevrecall . November 13, 2020 . January 4, 2021. My Chevrolet.
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  38. Web site: De Chant. Tim . August 23, 2021 . GM recalls every Chevy Bolt ever made, blames LG for faulty batteries. live. ARS Technica. https://web.archive.org/web/20210823200827/https://arstechnica.com/cars/2021/08/gm-recalls-every-chevy-bolt-ever-made-blames-lg-for-faulty-batteries/ . August 23, 2021 .
  39. Web site: LaReau . Jamie L. . GM temporarily halts Orion Assembly amid massive Chevy Bolt recall . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210826230911/https://freep.com/story/money/cars/general-motors/2021/08/26/gm-temporarily-halts-orion-assembly-amid-chevy-bolt-recall/5606822001/ . August 26, 2021 . August 26, 2021 . live.
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  41. News: The Chevy Bolt EV Battery Recall Bonus That Nobody's Talking About . Tom . Moloughney . InsideEVs . US . April 4, 2022 . December 25, 2022.
  42. News: Dim future for Chevy Bolt EV, EUV as evidence mounts GM plans to end production . Szymkowski, Sean . January 25, 2022 . Road/Show . CNet . 6 March 2023.
  43. News: Chevrolet Bolt EV to disappear from lineup as new technology rolls out . LaReau, Jamie L. . July 12, 2022 . Detroit Free Press . 6 March 2023.
  44. Web site: GM to stop making Chevy Bolt EV in late 2023 . 25 April 2023 .
  45. Web site: 2023-09-07 . GM announces new EV feature that will help drivers power their homes during storms and outages: 'It makes so much sense' . 2024-01-31 . Yahoo News . en-US.
  46. Chevrolet Announces Next-Gen Bolt. 25 July 2023. 25 July 2023. Detroit.
  47. Web site: O’Neil . Kirk . 2023-07-30 . Tesla Dominance Pushes Major Carmaker to Exit Electric Vehicles . 2023-07-31 . TheStreet . en-us.
  48. News: GM announces a new Ultium-based Chevrolet Bolt during Q2 report . Gitlin, Jonathan M. . July 25, 2023 . Ars Technica . 25 July 2023.
  49. News: The Next Chevrolet Bolt Will Be EUV-Only, GM Confirms . Patrick . George . Inside EVs . US . 2023-12-07 . 2024-05-10.
  50. Web site: 2023 Chevy Bolt EV, Bolt EUV Production Extended Into December. Trey. Hawkins. August 11, 2023. January 4, 2023. GM Authority.
  51. Web site: GM's Korea studio 'broke the mold' with Bolt . Automotive News. August 3, 2016 . August 11, 2016.
  52. Web site: GM BEV2 Vehicle Platform. live. August 27, 2021. GM Authority. https://web.archive.org/web/20170630123456/http://gmauthority.com/blog/gm/gm-platforms/gm-bev-2-platform/ . June 30, 2017 .
  53. Web site: 2017 Chevrolet Bolt EV Photos and Info . January 6, 2016. Car and driver. September 20, 2016. all-new chassis called BEV II, which isn't related to the Gamma platform on the Sonic hatchback. .. and has a 3.0-inch-longer wheelbase..
  54. Web site: Chevy Bolt EV not on shared architecture, but platform name secret, GM says. September 16, 2016 . Green Car Reports. September 20, 2016 . There are no Bolt EV parts tied to the G2 architecture .. The Bolt EV program originated on the Gamma architecture, but then grew into its own architecture – even as it maintained the G2 code..
  55. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions – How are vehicle size classes defined? . fueleconomy.gov . . September 27, 2016 . September 27, 2016. Click on the link: "How are vehicle size classes defined?"
  56. Web site: And Now, the Preliminary Specs of the 2017 Chevrolet Bolt EV . GMAuthority.com . September 27, 2016 . January 12, 2016 . we find it interesting that Chevrolet is categorizing the Bolt EV as a crossover, specifically a 'five-passenger, five-door all-electric CUV..
  57. Web site: Chevrolet SUVs and Crossovers Lineup: 5-9 Passenger . 2023-01-26 . Chevrolet . en.
  58. Web site: 2017 Chevrolet Bolt. August 17, 2016 . Car and driver. August 25, 2016.
  59. Web site: Dette er bilen som snur opp ned på bilindustrien. Teknisk Ukeblad. November 23, 2016 . November 23, 2016.
  60. Web site: GM announces Bolt EV's 'one pedal' driving with regenerative braking . . September 6, 2016 . September 6, 2016.
  61. Web site: GM's Korea studio 'broke the mold' with Bolt . Greimel . Hans . August 7, 2016 . . January 15, 2017 . https://archive.today/20161214164709/http://www.autonews.com/article/20160807/OEM03/160809904/gms-korea-studio-broke-the-mold-with-bolt . December 14, 2016 . live . the Bolt's squat, wedge shape. .. 'It's a disaster for aero'. The seats look off-balance but allow for a wider armrest. .
  62. Web site: Chevy Bolt To Feature Over-The-Air Software Updates . . September 9, 2016 . September 9, 2016.
  63. Web site: Loveday . Steven . UPDATE: Chevy Bolt Finally Gets Its Over-The-Air (OTA) Updates . insideevs.com . June 1, 2018.
  64. News: Chevy admits there's confusion over Bolt and Volt names . Autoblog . Sebastian . Blanco. February 20, 2015. April 17, 2015.
  65. News: 'Bolt' name is a keeper, says Chevy marketing boss . . James R. . Healey. April 16, 2015. April 17, 2015.
  66. News: Opel Ampera-e brings a Bolt of EV driving to Europe . Chris . Bruce . Autoblog.com . February 12, 2016 . February 12, 2016.
  67. News: GM's first autonomous car heads to Henry Ford Museum . Phelan . Mark . March 12, 2019 . Detroit Free Press . 9 July 2022.
  68. News: Self-driving Chevy Bolts are on the streets of San Francisco . Ziegler . Chris . May 18, 2016 . The Verge . 9 July 2022.
  69. Web site: How we built the first real self-driving car (really) . Vogt . Kyle . September 11, 2017 . medium . 30 June 2022.
  70. News: Self-driving Chevy Bolt EV electric test cars to be deployed . Voelcker . John . June 14, 2017 . Green Car Reports . 30 June 2022.
  71. 2018 Self-Driving Safety Report . https://web.archive.org/web/20180114051603/https://www.gm.com/content/dam/gm/en_us/english/selfdriving/gmsafetyreport.pdf . January 14, 2018 . dead . General Motors.
  72. GM and Cruise's Self-Driving Car: Just Add Software . Marshall . Aarian . September 11, 2017 . wired . 30 June 2022 . subscription.
  73. News: How General Motors is leading the race for self-driving cars . LaReau . Jamie L. . July 19, 2018 . Detroit Free Press . 30 June 2022 . Then, last fall [2017], it added another 50 of the cars. GM no longer calls them Bolts, but rather the Cruise AV, said [Patrick Sullivan, a GM spokesman]..
  74. News: Taking a ride through SF in Cruise's self-driving Bolt EV . Etherington . Darrell . November 29, 2017 . TechCrunch . 30 June 2022.
  75. My Herky-Jerky Ride in General Motors' Ultra-Cautious Self Driving Car . Marshall . Aarian . November 29, 2017 . wired . 30 June 2022 . subscription.
  76. News: Cruise AV, GM's autonomous electric Bolt EV, to go into production in 2019 . Voelcker . John . January 12, 2018 . Green Car Reports . 30 June 2022.
  77. News: General Motors Cruise AV is more than a Bolt without a steering wheel . Stevens . Tim . January 11, 2018 . Road/show . CNet . 9 July 2022.
  78. News: Exclusive look at Cruise's first driverless car without a steering wheel or pedals . Hawkins . Andrew J. . January 21, 2020 . The Verge . 30 June 2022.
  79. News: GM CEO Barra Says Cruise Origin Ready in 2023 . Strong . Michael . April 6, 2022 . The Detroit Bureau . 30 June 2022.
  80. News: Cruise gets the green light to test fully driverless cars in California . Hawkins . Andrew J. . October 15, 2020 . The Verge . 30 June 2022.
  81. News: Cruise is now testing fully driverless cars in San Francisco . Hawkins . Andrew J. . December 9, 2020 . The Verge . 30 June 2022.
  82. News: Cruise putting driverless cars on San Francisco streets for first time . Siddiqui . Faiz . December 9, 2020 . The Washington Post . subscription . 30 June 2022.
  83. News: Cruise film stars self-driving car to build trust . Lutz . Hannah . August 21, 2021 . subscription . Automotive News . 29 June 2022.
  84. News: GM's Cruise wins first California permit to carry paying riders in driverless cars . Dave . Paresh . June 2, 2022 . Reuters . 30 June 2022.
  85. Web site: Lin. Kelly. Chevy Teases 2022 Bolt EUV's High-Tech Interior. Motortrend.
  86. Web site: Rogers. Cameron. February 14, 2021. 2022 Chevrolet Bolt EV Review. live. Edmunds. https://web.archive.org/web/20201203010934/https://www.edmunds.com/chevrolet/bolt-ev/2022/ . December 3, 2020 .
  87. Web site: Rogers. Cameron. February 14, 2021. 2022 Chevrolet Bolt EUV Review. live. August 27, 2021. Edmunds. https://web.archive.org/web/20200307140526/https://www.edmunds.com/chevrolet/bolt-euv/ . March 7, 2020 .
  88. Web site: January 11, 2016. Drive Unit and Battery at the Heart of Chevrolet Bolt EV. September 1, 2021. media.gm.com. en.
  89. Web site: Trickle Charged: GM Releases More Chevrolet Bolt EV Details . September 13, 2016 . September 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160914164242/http://blog.caranddriver.com/trickle-charged-chevrolet-reveals-more-details-about-bolts-electric-drivetrain/ . dead .
  90. News: Chevy Bolt EV's Battery Is As Big As A Tesla's. Jeff . Cobb . HybridCars.com . January 11, 2016 . January 11, 2016.
  91. Web site: Chevy Bolt EV: LG gearing up to 'mass-produce parts' for the car this month. Electrek . August 18, 2016 . August 21, 2016.
  92. Web site: LG Chem "Ticked Off" With GM For Disclosing $145/kWh Battery Cell Pricing – Video. Jay . Cole. Inside EVs. October 23, 2015 . January 11, 2016.
  93. News: Chevrolet's Bolt is an electric vehicle for the masses – and we've driven it. Jonathan M. . Gitlin . Ars Technica . January 6, 2016 . January 11, 2016.
  94. News: Chevy Bolt electric car targets Tesla with low price, long range. Brian . Thevenot . Jerry . Hirsch . . January 12, 2015 . January 12, 2015.
  95. News: Lightning in a sedan? GM reveals the Chevrolet Bolt. Doron . Levin . . January 12, 2015 . January 13, 2015.
  96. News: Chevy Bolt EV's battery shows big improvements over Spark's . Sebastian . Blanco . Autoblog . January 11, 2016. January 11, 2016.
  97. News: Go EV with the Chevrolet Performance Ultium eCrate Package . Ackley, J.A. . December 21, 2022 . Grassroots Motorsports . 16 January 2023.
  98. Web site: 2017 Chevrolet Bolt EV Specifications. May 4, 2018.
  99. News: 2017 Chevrolet Bolt EV Drivetrain First Look (w/Video) . April 6, 2016 . . March 25, 2017 . en-US.
  100. News: Chevrolet Bolt EV Full Specs Released at NAIAS this morning. Mike . Szostech. January 11, 2016 . January 11, 2015.
  101. News: More 2017 Chevy Bolt powertrain details revealed. Sebastian . Blanco . Autoblog . January 11, 2016 . January 11, 2016.
  102. Electrical Propulsion System Design of Chevrolet Bolt Battery Electric Vehicle . IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2019 . 10.1109/TIA.2018.2868280 . September 2, 2018 . Momen . Faizul . Rahman . Khwaja . Son . Yochan . 55 . 376–384 .
  103. Web site: 2017 Chevrolet Bolt EV. media.gm.com.
  104. News: 2017 Chevy Bolt EV Is Less of a Drag Than Originally Believed . January 29, 2017 . HybridCars.com . March 25, 2017 . en-US.
  105. News: Chevy Bolt EV range is 238 miles: Prime time for the electric car? . Charles . Fleming . Los Angeles Times . September 12, 2016 . September 13, 2016.
  106. Web site: Detailed Range Ratings For Chevrolet Bolt EV – 255 Miles City. Eric . Loveday . InsideEVs.com. September 21, 2016 . September 21, 2016.
  107. News: Opel Drove the Ampera-e 260 Miles to Its Paris Debut . Michael . Accardi . HybridCars.com . September 29, 2016 . October 3, 2016.
  108. News: By the numbers: Tesla Model 3 vs. Chevrolet Bolt EV . Andrew . Krok . CNET. July 29, 2017. July 29, 2017.
  109. News: Chevy Bolt EV 2020 gets a range increase to 259 miles, EPA says . Fred . Lambert . Electrek . US . August 22, 2019 . January 6, 2023.
  110. News: 2021 Chevy Bolt EV Premier Gains Fast Charging As Standard . Lopez, Jonathan . October 5, 2020 . GM Authority . 4 August 2023.
  111. Web site: Stock 2016 Chevy Volt EVSE running on 240VAC . Imgur . January 8, 2016 . July 13, 2019.
  112. Web site: 3 Reasons the Chevy Bolt EV is Already Outdated (and What GM Can Do to Fix It) . TorqueNews . US . June 13, 2019 . September 5, 2019.
  113. Web site: Bolt EV ≈150A/≈55 kW max charging rate confirmed . Chevrolet Bolt EV Owners Forums . US . August 19, 2017 . July 13, 2019.
  114. News: 2022 Chevrolet Bolt EV review: A little bit better, a lot more affordable . Goodwin, Antuan . July 27, 2021 . Road/Show . CNet . 4 August 2023.
  115. Web site: Bolt EV for Sale: 2020 Bolt EV Pricing . Chevrolet . US . May 10, 2020.
  116. Web site: Bolt spare tire options. Chevy Bolt EV Forum. January 24, 2023 .
  117. Web site: How I Drove 238 Miles in the Chevy Bolt EV . Joseph . Capparella. . September 13, 2016 . September 13, 2016.
  118. Web site: We Drive the $30K Chevy Bolt, GM's Tesla-Walloping Electric Car. Alex . Davies . Wired. September 13, 2016 . September 22, 2016.
  119. Web site: 2017 Chevrolet Bolt EV first drive: 240 miles in an electric car. Green Car Reports. September 13, 2016 .
  120. Web site: Chevy Bolt EV range is 238 miles: Prime time for the electric car?. September 13, 2016. Los Angeles Times.
  121. Web site: Chevrolet Bolt First Drive Reports: Up To 290 Miles Of Range Within Reach. InsideEVs.
  122. Web site: Chevy Bolt EV first impressions roundup: 238 miles down the California Coast is remarkably nice [videos]]. Kobza. Nathaniel. September 14, 2016. Electrek. September 27, 2016.
  123. Web site: Mondial de l'Automobile : l'Opel Ampera-e casse les barrières de l'autonomie . fr . Paris Motor Show: Opel Ampera-e breaks the barriers of autonomy . Emmanuel . Maumon . Association pour l'Avenir du Véhicule Electrique Méditerranéen (AVEM). October 3, 2016 . October 3, 2016.
  124. Web site: May 6, 2017. Opel Ampera-e EV European sales figures. May 3, 2021. carsalesbase.com. en-US.
  125. Web site: Chevrolet Bolt EV Sales Numbers. February 20, 2022. GM Authority.
  126. 579 units sold in 2016 are included.
  127. Starting in 2022, GM combined sales figures for the Bolt EV and EUV in the US and Canada. South Korea sales from 2022 include the EUV sales.
  128. News: GM's first autonomous car heads to Henry Ford Museum . Phelan . Mark . March 12, 2019 . Detroit Free Press . 9 July 2022.
  129. News: 017 Chevy Bolt EV Ordering Has Begin In California and Oregon . Jeff . Cobb . HybridCars.com. October 12, 2016 . October 12, 2016.
  130. Chevrolet Commits to Bolt EV Production. General Motor. Chicago. February 12, 2015. February 17, 2015.
  131. News: Jeff . Cobb. HybridCars.com . First Chevy Bolt EVs Delivered Today. December 13, 2016 . January 10, 2017.
  132. News: Nick. Carey . reuters.com . GM extends shutdown at Chevy Bolt plant as inventories swell . July 17, 2017 .
  133. News: Jonathan. Gitlin. arstechnica.com. Chevy's Bolt EV outsells Tesla for the first time in October.
  134. Web site: GM Authority summary page . GM Authority . June 4, 2022.
  135. News: December 2017 Dashboard . Jeff . Cobb . HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates . January 4, 2018 . March 4, 2018.
  136. News: Top-selling electric car in California is not a Tesla . David R. . Baker . . February 28, 2018. March 4, 2018.
  137. Web site: New Vehicle Registrations in State Predicted to Exceed 2 Million Units Again in 2018 . California New Car Dealers Association (CNCDA) . CNCDA . February 2018 . February 17, 2018 . 14 . 1 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180217054648/http://cncda.org/CMS/Pubs/California%20Covering%204Q%202017.pdf . February 17, 2018 . dead . Registrations through December 2017 since 2013.
  138. News: Monthly Plug-In EV Sales Scorecard: Historical Charts . InsideEVs.com . February 17, 2019.
  139. News: GM hits electric vehicle tax credit threshold, phase-out to start in April . Fred . Lambert . Electrek . US . January 3, 2019 . July 13, 2019.
  140. Web site: Szostech. Michael. Chevrolet Bolt Availability. September 6, 2016 . April 20, 2017.
  141. Web site: Dalløkken. Per Erlien. May 3, 2017. Opel varsler forsinkelser i leveranser av Ampera-e til Norge. May 3, 2017. Teknisk Ukeblad.
  142. Web site: April 10, 2017. Registreringer av nye elbiler i Norge. April 10, 2017. Apr 2017 .. 13 cars.
  143. Web site: April 6, 2017. First batch of Opel Ampera-e cars arrive in Norway. April 10, 2017. January 22, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220122080711/https://pushevs.com/2017/04/06/first-batch-opel-ampera-e-cars-arrive-norway/. dead.
  144. Web site: May 22, 2017. Norway Lands World's First 3 Opel Ampera-e Deliveries On Constitution Day. May 23, 2017. CleanTechnica.
  145. Web site: Ståle . Frydenlund. January 3, 2018. Nye elbilrekorder i 2017, og prognosen vår slo til. New electric car orders in 2017, and our forecast struck. March 4, 2018. Norsk Elbilforening (Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association). no.
  146. News: Opel prices Amera-e above BMW i3, Nissan Leaf in its first European market . December 14, 2016 . Automotive News Europe . 7 March 2023.
  147. News: PSA targets Opel turnaround as GM exits Europe. Reuters. March 6, 2017.
  148. News: PSA Group purchase of Opel and Vauxhall completed with new financial company . Kable . Greg . 1 November 2017 . Autocar . 7 March 2023.
  149. News: Opel To Dealers: Stop Selling The Ampera-E, We Have Too Many Orders . Mark . Kane . Inside EVs . US . October 21, 2017 . July 13, 2019.
  150. News: Opel stanser salget av Ampera-e . no . Opel stops sales of the Ampera-e . Olsen . Stein Jarle . October 20, 2017 . tek.no . 7 March 2023.
  151. News: GM Stops Taking Bolt EV Orders in Europe as It Can't Match Demand . Mitrache . Vlad . 22 October 2017 . AutoEvolution . 7 March 2023.
  152. News: 2018 Opel Ampera-e Priced EUR 5,700 Higher, General Motors is To Blame . Panait . Mircea . 9 November 2017 . AutoEvolution . 7 March 2023.
  153. News: Is GM Trying To Kill The Opel Ampera-E Electric Car in Europe? The Signs Aren't Good . Nikki . Gordon-Bloomfield . Transport Evolved . November 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181201125121/https://transportevolved.com/2017/11/08/is-gm-trying-to-kill-the-opel-ampera-e-electric-car-in-europe-the-signs-arent-good/ . December 1, 2018 . dead.
  154. The Death of the EV-1 . Edwards . Owen . June 2006 . Smithsonian . 7 March 2023.
  155. News: Filmmaker Chris Paine on who killed the EV1 . St. John . Alexa . April 18, 2021 . Automotive News . subscription . 7 March 2023.
  156. Web site: Opel to swap Ampera-e (aka Bolt EV) for all-electric Corsa model in 2020 . 19 February 2018 . Green Car Reports . April 18, 2021 . en.
  157. Monthly registrations of the Opel Ampera-e in Norway, 2018: January: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg653408#msg653408 February: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg660707#msg660707 March: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg671365#msg671365 April: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg677885#msg677885 May: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg684561#msg684561 June: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg692717#msg692717 July: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg699352#msg699352 August: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg708251#msg708251 September: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg716821#msg716821 October: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg726941#msg726941 November: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg736095#msg736095 December: https://elbilforum.no/index.php?topic=5991.msg745779#msg745779
  158. Web site: Hyundai Kona Electric Priced In Norway – Sold Out For 2018 . Kane . Mark . June 2, 2018 . InsideEVs.
  159. News: Opel Ampera-e w Holandii znowu w sprzedaży. Cena? Od równowartości 201 tysięcy złotych • SAMOCHODY ELEKTRYCZNE . Opel Ampera-e for sale again in the Netherlands. Price? From the equivalent of 201 thousand zlotys . elektrowoz . Poland . pl . November 6, 2018 . July 13, 2019.
  160. Web site: Opel Ampera-e EV European sales figures . carsalesbase . May 6, 2017 . The Netherlands . July 13, 2019.
  161. News: Opel Lowers Ampera-e Prices As Electric Car Nears Retirement . Kane . Mark . February 11, 2020 . InsideEVs . 7 March 2023.
  162. Web site: Opel Ampera-e (Opel Who?!?) Wins January In The Netherlands – EV Sales Report. José. Pontes. February 13, 2020. CleanTechnica.
  163. Web site: Netherlands EV Sales Report – Opel Ampera-e #8 in Overall Auto Market in February. José. Pontes. March 12, 2020. CleanTechnica.
  164. Web site: Opel Ampera-e op kenteken. Kentekenradar.
  165. News: Opel expects Crossland X to win more women buyers . Gibbs . Nick . February 2, 2017 . Automotive News Europe . 7 March 2023.
  166. News: New all-electric Vauxhall Corsa-e to start from just over £26k . Brodie . James . 11 September 2019 . AutoExpress . 7 March 2023.
  167. News: Vauxhall Corsa-e review . Saunders . Matt . 2021-10-04 . Autocar . UK . 10 June 2022.
  168. Web site: Chevrolet Bolt EV is the 2017 Motor Trend Car of the Year. November 14, 2016 . Motor Trend. November 15, 2016 .
  169. Web site: North American Car of the Year. January 9, 2017 . September 23, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170923202309/http://northamericancaroftheyear.org/ . September 23, 2017 . live.
  170. Web site: Chevrolet Bolt Wins 2017 AutoGuide.com Reader's Choice Green Car of the Year Award. November 15, 2016 . AutoGuide.com News. November 15, 2016 .
  171. Web site: The 2017 Popular Mechanics Automotive Excellence Awards . Popular Mechanics . April 13, 2017 . September 8, 2018 . Ezra . Dyer.
  172. Web site: Chevrolet Bolt EV: Green Car Reports' Best Car To Buy 2017. John . Voelcker . November 14, 2016 . Green Car Reports. November 15, 2016 .
  173. News: 2017 10Best Cars: Chevrolet Bolt . Duff . Mike . Car and Driver . November 16, 2016 . November 18, 2016.
  174. News: Chevy Bolt wins 2017 Green Car of the Year . Sebastian . Blanco . Autoblog.com . November 17, 2016 . November 21, 2016.
  175. News: The 25 Best Inventions of 2016 . . November 17, 2016 . November 21, 2016.
  176. News: The 10 Greatest Automotive Innovations of 2016 . Clifford . Atiyeh . Popular Science. October 18, 2016 . November 24, 2016.
  177. News: Phelan . Mark . Chevrolet Bolt is the 2017 Free Press Car of the Year . Detroit Free Press . December 28, 2016 . December 29, 2016.
  178. News: 2017 Automobile All-Stars: The Winners . Andrew . Trahan . . March 11, 2017 . March 25, 2017.

Bibliography

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