Chervyen Explained

Settlement Type:	Town
Chervyen
Native Name:
Flag Size:	150
Subdivision Type:	Country
Subdivision Name:	Belarus
Subdivision Type1:	Region
Subdivision Name1:	Minsk Region
Subdivision Type2:	District
Subdivision Name2:	Chervyen District
Established Title:	Founded
Established Date:	1387
Population As Of:	2024
Population Footnotes:	^[1]
Population Total:	10,545
Population Density Km2:	auto
Timezone:	MSK
Utc Offset:	+3
Pushpin Map:	Belarus
Coordinates:	53.7078°N 28.4322°W
Elevation M:	160
Postal Code Type:	Postal code
Postal Code:	223232
Area Code:	+375 1714
Blank Name:	License plate
Blank Info:	5

Chervyen or Cherven (Belarusian: Чэрвень|Červień, in Belarusian pronounced as /ˈtʂɛrvʲenʲ/; Russian: Червень; Polish: Czerwień; Lithuanian: Červenė), previously known as Ihumen (Belarusian: Ігумен|label=none) until 1923, is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Chervyen District.^[1] In 2016, its population was 9,718.^[2] As of 2024, it has a population of 10,545.^[1]

History

On February 1, 1942, the German forces and local policemen surrounded the Cherven ghetto. At the same time, other Jews living outside the ghetto walls, such as in the local hospital, were gathered together. They were ordered to undress to their undergarments and lie on the ground, where they were shot dead. Witnesses put the number of victims at between 1,500 and 1,750 people. The murder operation was carried out by the Einsatzkommando 8 unit of Einsatzgruppe B, with the help of local policeman.^[3]

On 25–27 June 1941, the Soviet NKVD carried out a mass execution of political prisoners from Minsk in the nearby Tsagelnya forest.^[4] Wooden statue Mourning Angel, by sculptor Gennady Matusevich, was erected at the location.^[5] Commemorative events are held there every year in June.^{[6] [7] [8]}

Geography

Located east of Minsk and west of Berezino, Chervyen lies on a plain in the middle of its district. It is crossed to the north by the M4 highway Minsk-Mogilev. The national road P59 links it with the town of Smalyavichy (north) and the Minsk National Airport (north).

Notable people

• Vladimir Isaacovich Fundator (1903–86), metallurgist who invented the technology which made possible the aluminum diesel engine for the T-34 tank, thus facilitating the rapid advance of the Red Army in World War 2; recipient USSR Council of Ministers Prize.^{[9] [10] [11]}
• Leivik Halpern (1888-1962), Yiddish poet and literary editor who under the pen name H Leivik wrote The Golem, among other works.^[12]
• David Nisnevich (1893-1963), composer of Russian and Yiddish folk songs.^[13]
• Lieutenant Semion Gurevich (1915-1984), distinguished himself by leading a Red Army attack across the Dnieper River in September 1943, for which he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union.^[14]
• Professor David Movshevitch Golub (1901-2001), distinguished anatomist and embryologist; Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; recipient Red Banner of Labour.^[15]
• Professor Feival Movshevitch Golub, brother of David, headed the Department of Surgical Diseases, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan; recipient Honorary Scientist of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic.^[16]
• Vladimir Adomovich Korol (1912-1980), architect involved in the plans to rebuild Minsk after the destruction of World War 2; received Order of Lenin.^{[17] [18]}
• Oleg Novitskiy (b. 1971), Russian cosmonaut.^[19]
• Valery Shary (b. 1947), Olympic light-heavyweight weightlifting champion.^[20]

Further reading

• Lipińska G., Jeśli zapomnę o nich..., 1990
• Stankiewicz-Januszczak, J., Marsz śmierci – ewakuacja więźniów z Mińska do Czerwieni 24–27 czerwca 1941 r., Volumen (1999) (Polish)
• Stankiewicz-Januszczak J., Dziś mówię ludziom, co mówiłam Bogu..., (Polish)
• Petruitis J., Kaip jie mus sušaudė, Kaunas, 1942, 1990 (Lith.)
• Tumas J. Kelias į Červenę, Vilnius, 1990 (Lith.)

External links

• Chervyen official website
• History of the town
• Photos on Radzima.org
• Local prison and statues
• The murder of the Jews of Chervyen’ during World War II, at the Yad Vashem website

Notes and References

1. Web site: Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа. https://web.archive.org/web/20240402055418/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/. 2 April 2024. belsat.gov.by. 9 April 2024.
2. 2016 census of Belarus (Belstat)
3. http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=360 Info
4. http://www.belarus-misc.org/cherven.htm
5. Web site: Як адзін мастак беларусізаваў цэлы горад – Наша Ніва: першая беларуская газета . Nn.by . February 9, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110522142833/http://www.nn.by/index.php?c=ar&i=9561 . May 22, 2011 . dead .
6. http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2005/06/27/repr Info on charter97.com
7. http://www.bielarus.net/archives/2007/06/24/1246 Info on belarus.net
8. http://www.svaboda.org/xml/articles/2005/06/6D42CAB6-BC83-4AAE-95EE-79800CB000EB.html Info on svoboda.org
9. Web site: ФУНДАТОР Владимир Исаакович — Российская Еврейская Энциклопедия. 2021-05-29. rujen.ru. 2021-06-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20210603015548/http://rujen.ru/index.php/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87. dead.
10. Web site: Вклад литейщиков в создание танка Т-34, Н.В. Волох. 2021-05-29. www.foundrymag.ru.
11. Web site: Newsletters - Tools - Belarus SIG - JewishGen.org. 2021-05-29. www.jewishgen.org.
12. Web site: Fogel. Joshua. 2017-04-04. Yiddish Leksikon: H. LEIVICK. 2021-05-29. Yiddish Leksikon.
13. Web site: YIVO Songs and Songwriters. 2021-05-29. yivoencyclopedia.org.
14. Web site: Semion Gurevich www.yadvashem.org. live. 2021-05-29. semion-gurevich.html. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927173439/https://www.yadvashem.org/research/research-projects/soldiers/semion-gurevich.html . 2020-09-27 .
15. Web site: In memory of the scientist :: GOLUB David Movshevich. 2021-05-29. nasb.gov.by.
16. Web site: Education. SamMI. Department of Surgical Diseases No. 1. 2021-05-29. www.sammi.uz. en. 2021-10-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20211019235850/https://www.sammi.uz/en/pages/department_surgical_diseases_1. dead.
17. Web site: CodeJam-Culture-Portal. 2021-05-29. culture-portal-arch.netlify.app.
18. Web site: Vladimir Adamovich Korol. 2021-05-29. TheFreeDictionary.com.
19. Web site: Центр подготовки космонавтов им. Ю.А.Гагарина. Официальный Web-сайт. 2021-05-29. www.gctc.ru. ru.
20. Web site: Olympedia – Valery Shary. 2021-05-29. www.olympedia.org.