Chaubisi Rajya Explained

Chaubisi Rajya, Chaubise Rajya or Chaubisye Rajya (Nepali: चौबीसी राज्य, चौबीसे राज्य,), were sovereign and intermittently allied petty kingdoms in South Asia ruled by the Magar kings (Rana) and Thakuri kings(Sen,Shah,khad,Malla,Bista) located at the intersection of Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent.[1] One of these kingdoms, Gorkha, annexed the others, becoming the present-day country of Nepal. This conquest began soon after Prithvi Narayan Shah ascended to the Gorkha throne in 1743 AD.[2] The Chaubisi Rajya were annexed during the unification of Nepal from 1744 to 1816 AD. A parallel group of 22 small kingdoms, Baisse Rajya (Nepali: बाइस्से राज्य), existed to the west of the Gandaki Basin.[3]

The Shah Kingdom was founded by Drabya Shah, the youngest son of Yasho Brahma Shah, king of Kaski and Lamjung, his eldest son became the king of Kaski and Lamjung which created a fight for supremacy.[4] Palpa was one of the biggest and most powerful kingdoms; the rulers were able to create independent kingdoms in Tanahu, Makwanpur and Vijaypur.[5] Many rulers from Nepal wanted to consolidate the principalities. The first battle took place in Nuwakot, Nuwakot. Prithvi Narayan Shah commanded Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar of Gorkha to attack but he delayed his invasion. Shah sent another force led by Maheshwar Panta to attack but they were badly defeated. For preparation, the king obtained new weapons from Banaras, increased military strength, and made Kalu Pande his chief minister who helped him with planning.[6] In 1744, Shah conquered Nuwakot, then went on to win a battle against Belkot.

Not much is known about these principalities but these kingdoms played a pivotal role in the modern history of Nepal.[7] The unified Kingdom of Nepal continued to be ruled by the Shah dynasty, with the Rana dynasty de facto ruling the country from 1846[8] to February 1951 AD.[9] [10] In 2006, a democracy movement broke out that overthrew the monarchy and transitioned to the Federal Democratic Republic.[11]

List of kingdoms

Name! scope="col"
Current location
Kingdom of ArghaLumbini Province
Kingdom of Bajhang
Kingdom of BhirkotGandaki Province
Kingdom of ButwalLumbini Province
Kingdom of DhorGandaki Province
Kingdom of DhurkotLumbini Province
Kingdom of GalkotGandaki Province
Kingdom of Ghiring
Kingdom of Garahun
Kingdom of Gorkha
Kingdom of GulmiLumbini Province
Kingdom of Isma
Kingdom of KaskiGandaki Province
Kingdom of KhanchiLumbini Province
Kingdom of LamjungGandaki Province
Kingdom of MusikotLumbini Province
Kingdom of NuwakotGandaki Province
Kingdom of PaiyunGandaki Province
Kingdom of PalpaLumbini Province
Kingdom of ParbatGandaki Province
Kingdom of PyuthanLumbini Province
Kingdom of RishingGandaki Province
Kingdom of Satahun
Kingdom of TanahunGandaki Province

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 50-51. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200718160840/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_50-51.pdf. 18 July 2020. 30 July 2020. European Bulletin of Himalayan Research. 78.
  2. Book: Whelpton, John. A History of Nepal. 17 February 2005. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-80470-7. 240. en. 30 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200905125746/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KoNT6tjk9mQC&pg=PA236&dq=Prithvi+Narayan+Shah+1743&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8-cXpy_XqAhWdRxUIHVJXDxMQ6wEwAXoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=Prithvi%20Narayan%20Shah%201743&f=false. 5 September 2020. live.
  3. Book: Nepal and Bhutan: Country Studies. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200730181536/http://www.public-library.uk/dailyebook/Nepal%20and%20Bhutan%20-%20country%20studies.pdf. 30 July 2020. 30 July 2020. Public Library UK. 14–15. 978-0844407777.
  4. Book: Sinha, Awadhesh C.. Dawn of Democracy in the Eastern Himalayan Kingdoms: The 20th Century. 26 October 2018. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-429-68568-2. en. 30 July 2020. 30 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200730185118/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hfl0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT31&dq=chaubisi+rajya+Lamjung&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRyI-T0vXqAhWuVBUIHbvfDTkQ6wEwBnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=chaubisi%20rajya%20Lamjung&f=false. live.
  5. Book: Pradhan, K. L.. Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806-1839. 2012. Concept Publishing Company. 978-81-8069-813-2. 4–6. en. 30 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200730185750/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7PP1yElRzIUC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=chaubisi+rajya+Lamjung&source=bl&ots=LLLaGiYxOP&sig=ACfU3U1qmF-88jPPa-vbfcjMCeLuJKi_EA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9y8md0vXqAhUVu3EKHfQ-C2w4ChDoATARegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=chaubisi%20rajya%20Lamjung&f=false. 30 July 2020. live.
  6. Web site: Conquests of Prithvinarayana Shah. 5 September 2020. Mirror Shodhganga.
  7. Book: Douglas, Ed. Himalaya: A Human History. 27 August 2020. Random House. 978-1-4735-4614-1. 111. en. 5 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200905125808/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oqnBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT83&dq=Chaubisi+Rajya&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG3aKS-9HrAhVK2qQKHYiADG0Q6wEwCXoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=Chaubisi%20Rajya&f=false. 5 September 2020. live.
  8. Web site: 27 January 2019. Grandeur lifestyle of Rana families in pictures. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200905131144/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/grandeur-lifestyle-of-rana-families-in-pictures. 5 September 2020. 5 September 2020. My City. en.
  9. Web site: Mulmi. Amish Raj. 1 July 2017. A remarkable history of the Ranas. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200905125809/https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2017/07/01/a-remarkable-history-of-the-ranas. 5 September 2020. 5 September 2020. The Kathmandu Post. en.
  10. Web site: Lohani. S.C.. The Birth of Rana Feudalism in Nepal. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200905130808/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_08_07.pdf. 5 September 2020. 5 September 2020. Digital Himalaya.
  11. Web site: South Asia : Nepal. 5 September 2020. The World Factbook.

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