| Charleville-Mézières | |
| Commune Status: | Prefecture and commune |
| Image Coat Of Arms: | Blason ville fr Charleville-Mézières (Ardennes).svg |
| Arrondissement: | Charleville-Mézières |
| Canton: | Charleville-Mézières-1, 2, 3 and 4 |
| Insee: | 08105 |
| Postal Code: | 08000 |
| Mayor: | Boris Ravignon[1] |
| Term: | 2020 - 2026 |
| Intercommunality: | CA Ardenne Métropole |
| Coordinates: | 49.7719°N 4.7161°W |
| Elevation M: | 148 |
| Elevation Min M: | 133 |
| Elevation Max M: | 323 |
| Area Km2: | 31.44 |
| Population Demonym: | French: Carolomacérien or Carolomacérienne |
Charleville-Mézières (in French pronounced as /ʃaʁləvil mezjɛʁ/) is a commune of northern France, capital of the Ardennes department, Grand Est.Charleville-Mézières is located on the banks of the river Meuse.
Charleville and Mézières were originally separate communities on opposite banks of the Meuse, about from one another.
Charleville was founded by Charles Gonzaga, the 8th duke of Mantua, in 1606. Its inhabitants were known as Carolopolitans (French: Carolopolitains or Carolopolitaines). It was prosperous from the 17th century, although its fortifications were dismantled under Louis XIV in 1687 and it passed into French hands in 1708. It was plundered by the Prussians in 1815. France's royal armaments factory was formerly located there and gave its name to the Charleville musket, before being relocated and divided between Tulle and Châtellerault. In the 19th century, the city continued to produce arms through private firms, as well as nails, hardware, wine, spirits, coal, iron, and slate. It boasted a spacious port, a theatre, a large public library, and a museum of natural history.
The inhabitants of Mézières were known as Macerians (French: Macériens or Macériennes).
By the mid-19th century, the two towns were linked by a suspension bridge. It was occupied by the German Empire in the First World War and by Nazi Germany in World War II - the town served as the center of the Oberste Heeresleitung (OHL) for 26 days during World War I. The present commune was established in 1966, the year after another commune, Le Theux, had been merged into Mézières. The entire resultant commune has a population of about 51,000.
With an annual average of 10C, Charleville-Mézières is generally the coolest city of France. Winters are long, cold and gloomy while summers are interchangeably warm or hot but sometimes, even in the middle of July, night temperatures can drop below 5 °C (41 °F). Under the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Charleville-Mézières features a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) with strong continental influences (Dfb). The climate is vastly affected by the low mountain Ardennes range nearby. The proximity results in moisture being trapped and excessive precipitation occurs as a result when compared to other parts of northern France. Temperature inversion is also common, which results in strong cold snaps compared to the oceanic climates further west. This results in overnight temperatures below -10C happening during most winters as the cold air descends at night. Similar patterns replicate year round, causing Charleville-Mezières to have cooler summer nights than Nordic coastal areas near the Arctic Circle. The intermittent frosts in May and September also result in a short growing season.
In the table and graph below, data for 1962 and earlier refer to the old commune of Charleville, before the merger with Étion, Mézières, Mohon and Montcy-Saint-Pierre.
Puppetry is an important part of the cultural life of Charleville-Mézières, which is called the "World Capital of Puppetry Arts". An international puppet festival has been held there every three years since 1961, and became a biennial event in 2011.[2] The town is also home to the world headquarters of UNIMA[3] as well as the International Puppetry Institute (French: Institut International de la Marionnette),[4] which is housed in a historic building featuring a giant automaton of a puppeteer who performs a puppet show every hour on the hour. The École Nationale Supérieure des Arts de la Marionnette (ESNAM), a college which offers a higher education in puppetry, is also situated in Charleville-Mézières.[5]
The poet Arthur Rimbaud (1854–1891) was born in Charleville. The is located in the old water mill (Le Vieux Moulin) to the north of the town.
Charleville also serves as the starting location for two seasons of the travel competition show .[6]
The local network of public buses within the Ardenne Métropole, TAC, is operated by RATP Dev.[7] The Charleville-Mézières railway station offers connections to Paris (by TGV), Reims, Lille, Metz and regional destinations.
OFC Charleville represent the town at association football. Étoile de Charleville-Mézières is a basketball club.
Charleville-Mézières is twinned with:[13]
Nevers, France
Mantua, Italy
Tolosa, Spain