| Charles Christopher Sheats | |
| State House: | Alabama |
| Term Start: | 1861 |
| Term End: | 1862 |
| Successor: | --> |
| State2: | Alabama |
| District2: | at-large |
| Term Start2: | March 4, 1873 |
| Term End2: | March 3, 1875 |
| Predecessor2: | District inactive |
| Successor2: | William H. Forney |
| Birth Date: | 10 April 1839 |
| Birth Place: | Walker County, Alabama, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Decatur, Alabama, U.S. |
| Resting Place: | McKendree Cemetery, Decatur, Alabama, U.S. |
| Party: | Republican |
Charles Christopher Sheats (April 10, 1839 – May 27, 1904) was an attorney and politician, elected as a U.S. Representative from Alabama. He previously had served as the consul to Elsinore, Denmark, as the United States worked to expand trade in the Baltic Sea area.
Born to a planter family in Walker County, Alabama, Sheats was educated in a local school for the gentry.
Becoming involved in politics, at the age of 21, Sheats was elected as a member of the secession convention in 1860 but he refused to sign the ordinance of secession. He was elected as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives in 1861.[1]
Sheats was expelled from the Alabama House in 1862 for his adherence to the Union after the American Civil War had begun. In his Free State of Winston speech he urged Alabama Unionists to secede from the Confederacy and sparked the surge of enlistments that led to the founding of the 1st Alabama Cavalry. His estimated audience of 2,000 to 3,000 mountain farmers was perhaps the largest antiwar rally held by patriotic Southerners.[2] He was subsequently imprisoned on a charge of treason by the Confederate authorities, but could not obtain a trial. He was not released until after the close of the Civil War. In 1864 he was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Thirty-ninth Congress.[1]
After the end of the war, Sheats was chosen to serve as a member of the state constitutional convention in 1865. He went on to study law and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He started his practice in Decatur, Alabama.[1]
On May 31, 1869, Sheats was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant as US Consul at Helsinger (often called Elsinore in English-speaking countries), Denmark. After signing of an 1857 treaty with Denmark that permitted the United States to have tariff-free passage in the Baltic Sea, the US was working in the postwar years to increase its trade in the area.[3] Sheats served in Denmark until elected to Congress but regularly returned to the US.
In 1872 he was elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress, serving from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1875. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874.[1]
Sheats died in Decatur on May 27, 1904. He was interred in McKendree Cemetery, near Decatur.[1]