Chara braunii explained

Chara braunii is one of only several ecorticate species of the genus Chara occurring in Europe and the only species without cortication known from Poland.^[1] Chara braunii is the first Charophyceae for which the whole nuclear genome has been sequenced and published.^[2]

The findings of C. braunii in southern Poland only in fish ponds may have suggested that this species is restricted only to this type of ecosystem, but this is not true.

Description

The plant is small to medium size.Fresh green to brownish green when found in the muddy bottom.Transparent and richly branched. Plants are entirely ecorticate (i.e., without cortex). The main axis slender up to 1200 μm in diameter. The stipulodes (single cell organs present in one or more rows in the branchlets of Chara) occur in a single whorl and are well developed. Branchlets 6-10 in a whorl, straight and occasionally incurved; segments 4-6, the last one often reduced, with 1 or more small end cells forming tiny terminal corona. Bracteoles (leaf-like structures) slightly longer than the oospore. The species is monoecious and richly fertileoogonia are situated above the antheridia. The oospore is dark brown or black.^[1]

Distribution

The species have a cosmopolitan distribution between 65 deg. N and 35 deg. S.^[1]

Ch. braunii has been placed on a "red" list of endangered algae in Poland in the category "indeterminate", but probably simply because of poor investigation of the species in Poland.^[1]

In Poland, the species was found exclusively in fish ponds, and it was suggested that C. braunii is limited to only this kind of ecosystem. However findings in other parts of the world show that this is not true.^[1]

Notes and References

1. Jacek Urbaniak, "Distribution of Chara braunii Gmellin 1826 (Charophyta) in Poland", (link, retrieved November 30, 2015), Acta Societatis Botanicorum Polonae, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 313-320, 2007
2. Nishiyama . Tomoaki . Sakayama . Hidetoshi . de Vries . Jan . Buschmann . Henrik . Saint-Marcoux . Denis . Ullrich . Kristian K. . Haas . Fabian B. . Vanderstraeten . Lisa . Becker . Dirk . Lang . Daniel . Vosolsobě . Stanislav . Rombauts . Stephane . Wilhelmsson . Per K.I. . Janitza . Philipp . Kern . Ramona . Heyl . Alexander . Rümpler . Florian . Villalobos . Luz Irina A. Calderón . Clay . John M. . Skokan . Roman . Toyoda . Atsushi . Suzuki . Yutaka . Kagoshima . Hiroshi . Schijlen . Elio . Tajeshwar . Navindra . Catarino . Bruno . Hetherington . Alexander J. . Saltykova . Assia . Bonnot . Clemence . Breuninger . Holger . Symeonidi . Aikaterini . Radhakrishnan . Guru V. . Van Nieuwerburgh . Filip . Deforce . Dieter . Chang . Caren . Karol . Kenneth G. . Hedrich . Rainer . Ulvskov . Peter . Glöckner . Gernot . Delwiche . Charles F. . Petrášek . Jan . Van de Peer . Yves . Friml . Jiri . Beilby . Mary . Dolan . Liam . Kohara . Yuji . Sugano . Sumio . Fujiyama . Asao . Delaux . Pierre-Marc . Quint . Marcel . Theißen . Günter . Hagemann . Martin . Harholt . Jesper . Dunand . Christophe . Zachgo . Sabine . Langdale . Jane . Maumus . Florian . Van Der Straeten . Dominique . Gould . Sven B. . Rensing . Stefan A. . The Chara Genome: Secondary Complexity and Implications for Plant Terrestrialization . Cell . July 2018 . 174 . 2 . 448–464.e24 . 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.033 . 30007417. free .