| State1: | Mississippi |
| District1: | 4th |
| Term Start1: | March 4, 1887 |
| Term End1: | March 3, 1891 |
| Preceded1: | Otho R. Singleton |
| Succeeded1: | Joseph H. Beeman |
| Office2: | Member of the Mississippi House of Representatives |
| Birth Date: | 15 March 1845 |
| Rank: | Second lieutenant |
| Unit: | 39th Mississippi Volunteer Infantry Regiment |
| Battles: | American Civil War |
| Party: | Democratic |
| Birth Place: | Noxubee County, Mississippi. U.S. |
| Termstart2: | January 1880 |
| Termend2: | January 1882 |
Chapman Levy Anderson (March 15, 1845 – April 27, 1924) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi, serving two terms from 1887 to 1891. A Confederate Army veteran, he was a member of the Democratic Party.
Anderson was born near Macon, Mississippi, on March 15, 1845. He was the son of Thomas Salmond Anderson (born 1819) and his wife, Flora E. (Levy) Anderson (born 1823).[1] He was related to Chapman Levy. Chapman Anderson's eldest brother, Edward Henry Anderson, served in the Confederate Army and died at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861.
Anderson attended the common schools in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1861, he enlisted in the Confederate States Army on March 5, 1862, as a private in the Thirty-ninth Regiment, Mississippi Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted through the successive grades of noncommissioned officer until July 1864, when he was transferred to Bradford's cavalry corps of scouts with the rank of second lieutenant, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. In January 1866, he entered the University of Mississippi, and studied a partial course in law and literature until the summer of 1867.[2] He was then admitted to the bar on February 14, 1868.
He commenced practice in Kosciusko, Mississippi. He served as mayor of Kosciusko, Mississippi in 1875. He served as member of the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1879 and 1880.
Anderson was elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890.
Anderson's Republican opponent, Marsh Cook,[3] contested the election results. Cook was ambushed and murdered by a gang of white supremacists in 1890 while campaigning to be a delegate at Mississippi's 1890 Constitutional Convention.
He served as United States district attorney for the northern district of Mississippi in 1896 and 1897.
He worked at his law office in Kosciusko, Mississippi, until his death, April 27, 1924. He was interred in Kosciusko Cemetery.
Anderson was an Episcopalian. He married Nancy Cunningham Johnson of Kirkwood, Madison County, Mississippi, on December 22, 1870. He had three children: Jenny Flora; Chapman Levy, who died on September 25, 1883; and Mary Ellen, who married lawyer James E. Teat on June 22, 1904.