Changzhi Explained

Changzhi
Other Name:Ch'ang-chih
Native Name:长治市
Native Name Lang:zh-Hans
Settlement Type:Prefecture-level city
Pushpin Map:Shanxi
Pushpin Map Caption:Location of the city center in Shanxi
Pushpin Label Position:right
Pushpin Mapsize:240
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:People's Republic of China
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:Shanxi
Subdivision Type2:County-level divisions
Subdivision Name2:13
Seat Type:Municipal seat
Seat:Chengqu (Urban District)
Government Type:Prefecture-level city
Leader Title:Communist Party Committee Secretary of Changzhi City
Leader Name:Ma, Tianrong (Chinese: 马天荣)
Leader Title1:Mayor
Leader Name1:Xi, Xiaojun (Chinese: 席小军)
Established Title2:Incorporated (city)
Established Date2:1945.10
Area Total Km2:13976
Area Metro Km2:818
Area Urban Km2:2619
Population As Of:2020 census
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Total:3180884
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Density Metro Km2:auto
Population Density Urban Km2:auto
Population Metro:1214940
Population Urban:1687952
Demographics Type2:GDP[2]
Demographics2 Title1:Prefecture-level city
Demographics2 Info1:CN¥ 171.2 billion
US$ 26.9 billion
Demographics2 Title2:Per capita
Demographics2 Info2:CN¥ 53,810
US$ 8,610
Timezone:China Standard
Utc Offset:+8
Coor Pinpoint:Changzhi government
Coordinates:36.195°N 113.117°W
Postal Code Type:Postal code
Postal Code:046000
Area Code:0355
Blank2 Name:Licence Plate Prefix
Blank2 Info:Chinese: 晋D
Blank3 Name:Administrative division code
Blank3 Info:140400
Iso Code:CN-SX-04
S:长治
T:長治
Order:st
L:"Long Rule"
P:Chángzhì
W:Ch'ang2-chih4
J:Coeng4-zi6
Y:Chèuhngjih

Changzhi is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Shanxi Province, China, bordering the provinces of Hebei and Henan to the northeast and east, respectively. Historically, the city was one of the 36 administrative areas (see Administrative Divisions of Qin Dynasty) extant under the reign of the first emperor of a unified China (see Qin Shi Huang).

Nowadays, Changzhi is a transportation centre in Shanxi. Transportations is facilitated by: four controlled-access highways, (Taiyuan-Changzhi, Changzhi-Jincheng, Changzhi-Linfen, and Changzhi-Handan); two railways, (Taiyuan–Jiaozuo Railway and Handan–Changzhi Railway); three national highways, China National Highway 207, 208 and 309; and Changzhi Wangcun Airport (ITAT Code: CIH, ICAO Code: ZBCZ). Internal transportation also includes a bus and taxi network.

The city is a rising commercial and industrial centre in the southeastern area of Shanxi. In 2011, its GDP ranked 1st out of 11 prefecture-level cities in the province.[3] According to the latest census, in 2020 the city was home to 3,180,884 residents whom 1,214,940 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Luzhou and Shangdang Districts. The other 2 urban districts Tunliu and Lucheng are not conurbated yet.

History

In ancient times the area around Changzhi (Including Jincheng) was known as Shangdang.[4] Changzhi was the site of the 1945 Shangdang Campaign, the first battle between the Kuomintang and the People's Liberation Army after the end of World War II. The campaign began in August 1945 and lasted until October. It began when the local Shanxi warlord, Yan Xishan, attempted to retake the region from Communist forces. Yan's forces were eventually defeated by an army led by Liu Bocheng, who was later named one of China's Ten Great Marshals. Liu's political commissar was Deng Xiaoping, who later became China's "paramount leader". The campaign ended with the complete destruction of Yan's army (Jingsui army, 晋绥军), most of which joined the Communists after surrendering. Following the Shangdang Campaign, the Communists remained in control of the region until they won the civil war in 1949.

The area under the control of People's Government of Changzhi City is divided into 12 county-level administration zone. They are 4 districts Luzhou, Lucheng, Shangdang, and Tunliu; and 8 counties Xiangyuan County, Pingshun County, Licheng County, Huguan County, Zhangzi County, Wuxiang County, Qin County, and Qinyuan County.

Map
NameHanziHanyu PinyinPopulation (2003 est.)Area (km2)Density (/km2)
Luzhou DistrictChinese: 潞州区Lùzhōu Qū706,000340.62072.8
Lucheng DistrictChinese: 潞城区Lùchéng Qū210,000615341
Shangdang DistrictChinese: 上党区Shàngdǎng Qū320,000483663
Tunliu DistrictChinese: 屯留区Túnliú Qū240,0001,042230
Xiangyuan CountyChinese: 襄垣县Xiāngyuán Xiàn250,0001,158216
Pingshun CountyChinese: 平顺县Píngshùn Xiàn160,0001,550103
Licheng CountyChinese: 黎城县Líchéng Xiàn160,0001,166137
Huguan CountyChinese: 壶关县Húguān Xiàn280,0001,013276
Zhangzi CountyChinese: 长子县Zhǎngzǐ Xiàn340,0001,029330
Wuxiang CountyChinese: 武乡县Wǔxiāng Xiàn210,0001,610130
Qin CountyChinese: 沁县Qìn Xiàn170,0001,297131
Qinyuan CountyChinese: 沁源县Qìnyuán Xiàn150,0002,55659

Geography

Changzhi is located in southeastern Shanxi province, along the southern section of the Taihang Mountains.[5] The majority of the city's area is mountainous, and much of the remaining geography is hilly in nature. The average elevation in the city is approximately 1000m (3,000feet) above sea level, with prominent peaks including Liyu Mountain and Shigao Mountain, reaching 2012m (6,601feet) and 2541m (8,337feet) above sea level, respectively.

Climate

Changzhi has a rather dry, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa),[6] with cold and very dry winters, and very warm, somewhat humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from NaN°C in January to in July, and the annual mean is 9.89°C. Typifying the influence of the East Asian Monsoon, a majority of the annual of precipitation occurs from June to August.

Pollution

Changzhi's air quality index is monitored by China's Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)[7] and city government. A record of daily air quality is published by the local government.[8]

In 2013, a major chemical spill occurred at a fertilizer plant in Changzhi operated by Tianji Coal Chemical Industry Group, polluting major waterways in the region, and impacting areas downstream, such as the city of Handan.[9] Government officials in Handan blamed the city government of Changzhi for covering up the spill for five days, and remaining silent on the spill for the subsequent two months. In February 2013, the Xinhua News Agency announced the results of an official investigation into the spill, resulting in the punishment of 39 people, including then-mayor of Changzhi, Zhang Bao, who was removed from his position.

In 2019, officials from the Shanxi Provincial Government publicly reprimanded officials from seven cities within the province, including Changzhi, following a noticeable spike in pollution.[10]

Education

Higher education

High schools

Transportation

Expressways

Portions of three National Highways run through Changzhi: China National Highway 207, China National Highway 208, and China National Highway 309. National Highways 207 and 208 run along a north–south axis, while National Highway 309 runs along a west–east axis.

Other major expressways which run through Changzhi include the, and expressways which link the city to Handan, Jincheng, and Taiyuan. The also runs through the city.[11]

Railway

Airport

Notable people

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: China: Shānxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map.
  2. Book: 山西省统计局、国家统计局山西调查总队 . 《山西统计年鉴-2021》. December 2021 . 中国统计出版社 . 978-7-5037-7824-7.
  3. https://archive.today/20130407155614/http://czstats.gov.cn/readnewsgb0611.asp?NewsID=2988&BigClassName=%CD%B3%BC%C6%B7%D6%CE%F6&SmallClassName=%BD%F8%B6%C8%B7%D6%CE%F6&SpecialID=0 Statistics Report of Changzhi Economy in 2011 (In Chinese)
  4. Lew, Christopher R. The Third Chinese Revolutionary War, 1945-1949: An Analysis of Communist Strategy and Leadership. The USA and Canada: Routelage. 2009, p.22–23.
  5. Web site: 2013-12-18. zh:地理位置. Geographic Position. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170606142643/http://www.dfz.changzhi.gov.cn/lm_overview_content.jsp?urltype=news.NewsContentUrl&wbnewsid=266168&wbtreeid=21794. 2017-06-06. 2021-06-02. Changzhi Municipal People's Government. zh.
  6. Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633-1644, doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007, 2007.
  7. Web site: Air Quality Database of Key Cities in China, in Chinese. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130116100627/http://datacenter.mep.gov.cn/. 2013-01-16. 2013-03-08.
  8. http://www.czshb.gov.cn Changzhi City Environmental Protection
  9. Web site: Wong. Edward. 2013-03-02. Spill in China Underlines Environmental Concerns. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210603001321/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/03/world/asia/spill-in-china-lays-bare-environmental-concerns.html. 2021-06-03. 2021-06-02. The New York Times.
  10. News: 2019-06-21. China coal hub Shanxi slams seven cities for pollution spike in 2019. en. Reuters. 2021-06-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20210603001430/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-china-pollution-shanxi-idUKKCN1TM07J. 2021-06-03. dead.
  11. Web site: 2018-08-06. zh:山西里程最长的高速公路长临高速预计10月全线通车. Shanxi’s longest expressway, Changlin Expressway, is expected to open to traffic in October. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210603005508/http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2323362. 2021-06-03. 2021-06-02. The Paper. zh.