| Chanchamayo | |
| Settlement Type: | Province |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Peru |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Junín |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | La Merced |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Hermenegildo Navarro (2023–2026) |
| Area Total Km2: | 4723.4 |
| Population Total: | 151489 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Blank Name Sec1: | UBIGEO |
Chanchamayo (in hispanicized spelling) or Chanchamayu (Quechua chanchay to walk and leap about, to walk quickly and confused, chancha chancha to walk quickly and irregularly, shancha a kind of bird, mayu river)[1] is a province in northern Junín Region, in central Peru.
The name of the province derives from the river Chanchamayu, whose source is in the Andean Sierra and flows northwards becoming the Perené River.
The province has an estimated population of 151,489 (2017), half of whom live in the provincial capital, La Merced. Another important town in the province is San Ramón. Both towns are on the west side of the province, surrounded by mountains and close to tourist attractions like jungle forests, waterfalls and thermal springs.
Downstream the Perené river, towards the east side of the province, the land becomes flatter and more suited for agriculture. The town Bajo Pichanaqui has grown a lot in recent years as a local center of agricultural markets.
The Chanchamayo province is famous for citrus production and quality coffee growing.
The first inhabitants of this territory were the Yanesha' people and Ashaninkas. The first reported European presence in the area dates back to 1635, when Franciscan Fray Juan Jerónimo Jiménez founded the settlement of San Buena Ventura de Quimiri which was three kilometres (2 mi) away from present-day Chanchamayo.
The province is divided into six districts (Spanish; Castilian: distritos, singular: distrito), each of which is headed by a mayor (alcalde). The districts, with their capitals in parentheses, are: