| Post: | Chairman |
| Body: | the Senate of Pakistan |
| Insignia: | Emblem of Senate of Pakistan.png |
| Insigniasize: | 150px |
| Incumbent: | Yusuf Raza Gilani |
| Incumbentsince: | 9 April 2024 |
| Status: | Presiding officer |
| Department: | Senate of Pakistan |
| Style: | Mr. Chairman (Informal; while presiding the house) Honourable Chairman (Formal) Mr. President |
| Seat: | Parliament House, Islamabad, Pakistan |
| Appointer: | The Senate |
| Termlength: | 3 years, at the Senate’s pleasure. |
| Constituting Instrument: | Constitution of Pakistan |
| Formation: | 12 April 1973; 49 years ago |
| First: | Habibullah K. Marwat 12 April 1973 |
| Succession: | First |
| Website: | Chairman Senate |
The chairman of the Senate of Pakistan (Urdu: {{nq|صدر ایوانِ بالا) is the president-chair of the Senate of Pakistan.[1] According to the Constitution of Pakistan, the chairman is a presiding official and the Senate must choose a chairman and deputy chairman for a time interval of three years.[2]
During the president's absence, the chairman of the Senate is empowered with the duties of the presidency; in rare events involving the absence of the chairman, the presidential duties are usually held by the speaker of the National Assembly.[3] The chairman of the Senate is the first in the line of succession to the president of Pakistan, ahead of the speaker of the National Assembly.[4]
The first chairman of the Senate was Habibullah Marwat, while Wasim Sajjad remains the longest-serving chairman. Senator Yusuf Raza Gilani elected to Senate in the April 2 election, is the current chairman of the Senate, having assumed office on 9 April 2024.
The office of Chairman of the Senate is created by Article 60(1) of the Chapter 2 in Part III of the Constitution of Pakistan:[1]
The main purpose for the creation of the Senate was to give equal representation to all the federating units since the membership of the National Assembly was based on the population of each four province.[5] Equal provincial membership in the Senate, thus, balances the provincial inequality in the National Assembly and dispels doubts and apprehension, if any, regarding deprivation and exploitation.[5]
The role of the Senate is to promote national cohesion and harmony and to alleviate fears of the smaller provinces regarding domination by any one province because of its majority, in the National Assembly.[5]
The Senate acts as a legislative institution that represents the provinces and territories of the country and promotes a feeling of equality, peace and good understanding between them, which is so essential for the growth and prosperity of a nation.[5]
Thus, the Senate in Pakistan, over the years, has emerged as an essential organ and a stabilizing factor of the federation.
After the creation of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, the first Constituent Assembly, elected in December 1945 in undivided India, was assigned the task of framing the constitution of Pakistan. This assembly passed the Objectives Resolution on 12 March 1949, laying down principles which later became substantive part of the constitution. However, before it could accomplish the task of framing the constitution, it was dissolved in 1954. Thereafter, the governor-general convened the Second Constituent Assembly in 1955, which framed and passed the first constitution of Pakistan on 29 February 1956. That constitution was promulgated on 23 March 1956, which provided for a parliamentary form of government with a unicameral legislature. However, from 14 August 1947 to 1 March 1956 the Government of India Act, 1935, was retained as the constitution of Pakistan.
On 7 October 1958, martial law was promulgated and the constitution abrogated. The military government appointed a Constitution Commission in February 1960 which framed the 1962 Constitution. That constitution provided for a presidential form of government with a unicameral legislature. The 1962 Constitution was abrogated on 25 March 1969. The civil government, which came to power in December 1971 pursuant to 1970 elections, gave the nation an interim constitution in the year 1972.
In 1973, the constitutional conventional framed the comprehensive constitution which was rectified on 12 April and promulgated on 14 August 1973.[6] Retired Senior Justice Habibullah Khan Marwat was elected its first chairman and remained until 1977.[6] The 1973 Constitution also provided a parliamentary system of government with a bicameral legislature: the National Assembly and the Senate . The membership of the Senate, which was originally 45, was raised to 63 in 1977 and to 87 in 1985.[6] In 2002, the membership rose to 100 through the legal framework enforced on 21 August 2002. Now there are 104 members.[6]
The Parliament of Pakistan consists of the president and the two legislative houses: National Assembly and the Senate .[7]
The president is elected by members of both Houses of the Parliament and the four provincial assemblies.[8] The president may be removed from office or impeached through a resolution, passed by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Parliament in a joint sitting of the two Houses, convened for the purpose.[9] In case the office of the president becomes vacant for any reason, the chairman, or if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of the president, the speaker, acts as president till such time that a president is elected. Same is the case when the president by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause is unable to perform his functions.
| Name | Entered office | Left office | Date of Birth and Death | Political party | Provinces | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 August 1973 | 5 August 1975 | Pakistan Peoples Party | Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa | ||
| 6 August 1975 | 4 July 1977 | |||||
| 2 | 21 March 1985 | 20 March 1988 | Independent | |||
| 21 March 1988 | 12 December 1988 | |||||
| 3 | 24 December 1988 | 20 March 1991 | 1941 3, df=yes | Pakistan Muslim League (N) | Punjab | |
| 21 March 1991 | 20 March 1994 | |||||
| 21 March 1994 | 20 March 1997 | |||||
| 21 March 1997 | 12 October 1999 | |||||
| 4 | Mohamad Mian Soomro | 23 March 2003 | 22 March 2006 | 1950 8, df=yes | Pakistan Muslim League (Q) | Sindh |
| 23 March 2006 | 11 March 2009 | |||||
| 5 | Farooq Naek | 12 March 2009 | 11 March 2012 | 1950 1, df=yes | Pakistan Peoples Party | |
| 6 | Nayyar Bukhari | 12 March 2012 | 11 March 2015 | 1952 12, df=yes | ||
| 7 | Raza Rabbani | 12 March 2015 | 11 March 2018 | 1952 7, df=yes | ||
| 8 | Mir Sadiq Sanjrani | 12 March 2018 | 8 March 2024 | 1970 4, df=yes | Balochistan | |
| 9 | Yusuf Raza Gilani | 9 April 2024 | 1952 12, df=yes | Pakistan Peoples Party | Punjab | |
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyyPeriod = from:01/01/1973 till:01/04/2021TimeAxis = orientation:horizontalScaleMajor = unit:year increment:2 start:1973
Colors = id:app value:green legend: Appionted id:abo value:red legend: AbolishedLegend = columns:2 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100
TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Chairman of Senate:"
BarData = barset:PM
PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM
from: 06/08/1973 till: 04/07/1977 color:app text:"Khan Habibullah Khan Marwat" from: 04/07/1977 till: 21/03/1985 color:abo text:"Post Abolished" from: 21/03/1985 till: 12/12/1988 color:app text:"Ghulam Ishaq Khan" from: 12/12/1988 till: 12/10/1999 color:app text:"Wasim Sajjad" from: 12/10/1999 till: 23/03/2003 color:abo text:"Post Abolished" from: 23/03/2003 till: 11/03/2009 color:app text:"Mohammad Mian Soomro" from: 12/03/2009 till: 11/03/2012 color:app text:"Farooq Naek" from: 12/03/2012 till: 12/03/2015 color:app text:"Nayyar Bukhari" from: 12/03/2015 till: 12/03/2018 color:app text:"Raza Rabbani" from: 12/03/2018 till: 12/03/2021 color:app text:"Mir Sadiq Sanjrani"