Chad Wolf Explained

Chad Wolf
Office:Acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security
Status:De facto
President:Donald Trump
Deputy:Ken Cuccinelli (acting)
Term Start:November 13, 2019
Term End:January 11, 2021
Predecessor:Kevin McAleenan (acting)
Successor:Pete Gaynor (acting)
Office1:Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Policy, and Plans
President1:Donald Trump
Term Start1:November 13, 2019
Term End1:January 20, 2021
Acting: February 8, 2019 – November 13, 2019
Predecessor1:James D. Nealon (acting)
Successor1:Robert P. Silvers
Office2:Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Plans, Analysis, and Risk
President2:Donald Trump
Term Start2:February 8, 2019
Term End2:November 13, 2019
Predecessor2:Brodi Kotila
Successor2:Position abolished
Office3:Chief of Staff to the United States Secretary of Homeland Security
1Blankname3:Secretary
1Namedata3:Kirstjen Nielsen
Term Start3:July 31, 2017
Term End3:February 8, 2019
Predecessor3:Kirstjen Nielsen
Successor3:Miles Taylor
Birth Name:Chad Fredrick Wolf
Birth Date:21 June 1976
Birth Place:Jackson, Mississippi, U.S.
Party:Republican
Spouse:Hope Wolf
Children:2
Education:Collin College
Southern Methodist University (BA)
Villanova University (GrCert)

Chad Fredrick Wolf (born June 21, 1976) is an American former government official and lobbyist who was named the acting United States secretary of homeland security in November 2019. His appointment was ruled unlawful in November 2020.[1] Wolf was also the under secretary of homeland security for strategy, policy, and plans from 2019 to 2021.[2]

A member of the Republican Party,[3] Wolf previously served in several positions in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including as chief of staff of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and chief of staff to DHS secretary Kirstjen Nielsen. From 2005 to 2016, he was a lobbyist, helping clients secure contracts from TSA. Wolf was an architect of the Trump administration family separation policy in 2018, and was prominently involved in the deployment of federal law enforcement forces in Portland and elsewhere beginning in July 2020.

In September 2020, a whistleblower accused him of having ordered staff to stop reporting on threats from Russia.[4] [5] In November 2020, District Judge Nicholas Garaufis ruled Wolf's appointment unlawful,[1] [6] and overturned a set of Wolf's orders as "not an exercise of legal authority".[7] [6] [1] Wolf resigned his post on January 11, 2021, after a number of similar court rulings.[8]

Early life and education

Wolf was born to James B. (Jim) Wolf and Cinda Thompson Wolf in Jackson, Mississippi.[9] [10] He grew up in Plano, Texas.[11] He graduated from Plano East Senior High School and then attended Collin College on a tennis scholarship.[12] He then transferred to Southern Methodist University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in history.[13]

In 2013, he received a professional non-credit certificate in contract management from Villanova University in Villanova, Pennsylvania. [14]

Career

Congressional staff

Wolf worked as a staffer for Republican Senators Phil Gramm, Kay Bailey Hutchison, and then for two and a half years with Chuck Hagel.[15] From 2002 to 2005, he worked in the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), becoming Assistant Administrator for Transportation Security Policy in 2005. It was during this time he first worked with Kirstjen Nielsen.[16]

Lobbyist

From October 2005 to 2016, Wolf was vice president and senior director at Wexler & Walker, a now defunct lobbying firm.[17] He helped clients obtain contracts from the TSA, his previous employer.[18]

Trump administration

In March 2017, Wolf became chief of staff at the Transportation Security Administration. He served in that position for four months, then became Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Deputy Chief of Staff and the top aide to Deputy Secretary Elaine Duke.

In July 2017, Wolf became chief of staff to DHS Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen. While working for Nielsen, he was an early architect of the family separation policy. Under questioning from Senator Jacky Rosen, Wolf later testified to Congress that he was not involved in the policy's development and that his function was to provide information to Nielsen and "not to determine whether it was the right or wrong policy".[19] A government watchdog group disputed this statement based on internal documents.[20] [21] Wolf has said he "supported the President's decision when he issued an executive order to stop that practice".[22]

Wolf then became Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Plans, Analysis and Risk, a Senior Executive Service position not subject to Senate confirmation.[23] He concurrently served as Acting Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Policy, and Plans. He was nominated in February 2019 to serve permanently as Under Secretary,[24] and his confirmation hearing was held that June. Senator Jacky Rosen delayed the nomination to protest poor conditions for children at DHS facilities.[25]

Acting Secretary of Homeland Security

Wolf began serving as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security in November 2019. In November 2020, a federal court ruled his appointment unlawful and overturned a set of his orders as lacking "legal authority". Wolf resigned on January 11, 2021.[26]

Appointment

Wolf's appointment as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security came after Kevin McAleenan's departure was announced on November 1, 2019.[27] At the time, he was not considered the first choice for the job, and it has been reported that he was satisfied with his policy job at the time, but others favored by Trump such as Ken Cuccinelli and Mark Morgan were ineligible for the Acting Secretary position.

The fact that he had previously lobbied for the National Association of Software and Services Companies, which was in favor of the H-1B visa program, led to criticism from groups favoring more restrictive immigration policies.[28] But the Trump administration defended his record and privately asked Republican senators not to oppose his appointment.[29]

The administration waited for Wolf's confirmation as Under Secretary before appointing him Acting Secretary[30] to avoid appointing him as a principal officer from a non-Senate-confirmed position, which many scholars and former government officials have argued is unconstitutional.[31] [32] DHS then had to move the Under Secretary position earlier in the line of succession, because the 210-day period in which an acting official was eligible to be named without a pending permanent nomination had expired. This, in turn, mandated that the Secretary's duties had to be performed by the department's senior-most confirmed official.[33]

Wolf was confirmed as Under Secretary on November 13, 2019, on a 54–41 vote.[34] He was sworn in as Acting Secretary the same day.[35]

Dispute

See main article: 2019–2021 Department of Homeland Security appointment disputes. On November 15, 2019, House Democrats Bennie Thompson and Carolyn Maloney requested that the Comptroller General of the United States review the legality of Wolf's appointment on the basis that former Acting Secretary Kevin McAleenan did not have authority to change the department's line of succession, asserting that former Secretary Nielsen had not properly placed McAleenan first in the line of succession before resigning and that McAleenan's change came after the 210-day limit to his authority had expired.[36] [37] [38]

In July 2020, University of Michigan law professor Nina Mendelson, an expert on federal vacancies, stated that an acting secretary can serve for only 210 days following a vacancy left by a Senate-confirmed officeholder. The last Senate-confirmed DHS Secretary, Kirstjen Nielsen, stepped down on April 10, 2019, 469 days earlier.[39]

On August 14, 2020, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released a finding that Wolf had become Acting Secretary improperly,[40] noting that:

Upon Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen's resignation on April 10, 2019, the official who assumed the title of Acting Secretary had not been designated in the order of succession to serve upon the Secretary's resignation. Because the incorrect official assumed the title of Acting Secretary at that time, subsequent amendments to the order of succession made by that official were invalid and officials who assumed their positions under such amendments, including Chad Wolf and Kenneth Cuccinelli, were named by reference to an invalid order of succession.[41]
Under the valid line of succession, the acting secretary would be Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Chris Krebs.[42]

A number of federal courts later ruled that Wolf's appointment was invalid for reasons similar to those given by the GAO. On September 11, 2020, federal judge Paula Xinis ruled that Wolf was likely unlawfully serving as acting secretary of the Department of Homeland Security. On that basis, the court issued an order barring the enforcement of rules Wolf had created.[43] [44] Likewise, on November 14, 2020, federal judge Nicholas Garaufis ruled that Wolf was not lawfully serving as acting secretary of Department of Homeland Security.[1] On that basis, the court invalidated his suspension of DACA.[45] [46] [47] On January 8, 2021, Judge James Donato of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California became the fifth judge to rule that Wolf was not lawfully acting as the Acting Secretary of Homeland Security.[48] [49] [50]

Nomination to permanent appointment

On August 24, 2020, Trump announced that he would nominate Wolf as the permanent Secretary of Homeland Security.[51] [41] Wolf was expected to continue to serve as Acting Secretary during the confirmation process, as his acting appointment was made under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and not the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, which prevents most nominees from simultaneously acting in the same position.[52] [53] On September 10, 2020, the nomination was formally submitted to the Senate.[54] On September 23, 2020, Wolf appeared before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.[55] The committee reported his nomination favorably on September 30, but the full Senate took no further action before the end of the 116th Congress.[56]

On January 3, 2021, Wolf's nomination was resubmitted to the 117th Congress, but on January 6, it was formally withdrawn,[57] [58] reportedly around one hour after Wolf called upon Trump to denounce the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol.[59] [60]

Tenure

Trump told aides that he liked Wolf more than his predecessors because his predecessors pushed back on Trump's expansive view of federal power.[61] Wolf was also reported to have a good relationship with White House advisor Stephen Miller. Wolf maintained a low public profile during the early part of his term, prior to his prominent involvement in the deployment of federal law enforcement forces in Portland, Oregon, and elsewhere beginning in July 2020.

In 2017, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security awarded $6,050,000 in contracts to Berkeley Research Group, where Wolf's wife, Hope Wolf, is an executive, according to a report by NBC News, raising new questions about a potential conflict of interest at the same time Wolf sought Senate confirmation to officially lead the agency. Berkeley Research Group did not receive any DHS contracts until Wolf started at the agency as chief of staff for the Transportation Security Administration.[62]

In February 2020, Wolf announced that the Trump administration was revoking New York residents' ability to participate in Global Entry and other Trusted Traveler programs, in response to the state's "sanctuary" immigration policies, which DHS said jeopardized the government's ability to effectively vet travelers.[63] [64] [65] The move prompted the state of New York to sue the administration.

In July 2020, lawyers for the Trump administration informed the court that DHS officials had made false statements to justify excluding New York residents from the Trusted Traveler programs, admitting the inaccuracies "undermine a central argument" in their case.[66] New York subsequently changed its law that had prevented sharing of information with federal law enforcement officers to expressly allow for information-sharing of New York Department of Motor Vehicles records "as necessary for an individual seeking acceptance into a trusted traveler program, or to facilitate vehicle imports and/or exports", and the DHS then removed the Global Entry restrictions.[67]

During his tenure as head of the DHS, Wolf redirected resources in the DHS toward antifa, a loose movement of left-wing agitators.[68] At the time, career DHS officials and other law enforcement agencies emphasized that the major domestic terrorism threats stemmed from far-right groups, not antifa.

According to a whistleblower complaint released in September 2020, Wolf ordered DHS's intelligence branch to stop producing intelligence reports on Russian interference in the 2020 election and not to disseminate those reports because they "made the president look bad".[69] In September 2020, he was publicly accused of having ordered staff to stop reporting on threats from Russia. In spring 2020, communicating through White House national security adviser Robert C. O'Brien, Wolf allegedly ordered former head of DHS intelligence Brian Murphy to focus his reports on Iran and China. He also allegedly told Murphy not to expose the Russian origins of an anti-Biden disinformation campaign because the exposure "made the president look bad". Murphy was demoted in August to DHS management division and filed a whistleblower complaint on September 8, which was released publicly the next day.[70]

In September 2020, Wolf defied a subpoena to testify before the House Committee on Homeland Security.[71]

In October 2020, Wolf sent Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey a letter calling on him to "commit to never again censoring content" on Twitter.[72]

On January 11, 2021, Wolf resigned after the storming of the United States Capitol, effective that evening, with FEMA Administrator Pete Gaynor as his replacement.[73] He remained in his Under Secretary position.[74] In his resignation letter, he cited "recent events, including the ongoing and meritless court rulings regarding the validity of my authority as Acting Secretary." Two days after he resigned, Wolf said that Trump was partly responsible for the storming of the Capitol.[75]

2020 deployment of federal forces

In July 2020, Wolf sent about 100 federal agents dressed in camouflage and tactical gear to Portland, Oregon, to help guard the federal courthouse, where they used tear gas on protesters who threw fireworks, frozen water bottles and balloons filled with paint and feces, breaking courthouse windows and setting parts of the courthouse on fire multiple times.[76] [77] [78] Agents also used unmarked vehicles to detain and remove protesters, and the protesters later produced several videos showing that the agents did not identify themselves as law enforcement, although DHS said the agents identified themselves.[79] Legal observers called this "abduction" and "kidnapping".[80]

Oregon Governor Kate Brown called the actions an "abuse of power" and accused Wolf of "provoking confrontation for political purposes". Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler called it "an attack on our democracy". Wolf alleged the protesters were a "violent mob" and "violent anarchists".[81] [82] The New York Times reported that an internal DHS memo presented to Wolf before the deployment said the federal agents in question had not been specifically trained in riot control or mass demonstrations.[83] Wolf was criticized for taking unauthorized photographs inside the courthouse, contrary to local and national court policy.[84]

Tom Ridge, the first head of DHS, sharply criticized the deployment, saying, "The department was established to protect America from the ever-present threat of global terrorism. It was not established to be the president's personal militia."[85] Ridge, the former governor of Pennsylvania, added that it would be a "cold day in hell" before he would have consented as a governor to such a deployment.[85]

In a July 21 press conference, Wolf defended the deployment of officers in unmarked military-style uniforms, saying they had identifying numbers on their shoulders.[86] But former Trump administration DHS spokesman David Lapan disputed that the officers are easy to identify, saying, "People like me, who served a long time, have to look very long and hard to figure out who these people are. For the average citizen, it looks like the military is being used to suppress American citizens. Even if that's not the case, and this is law enforcement, it creates the impression that the military is being used."[85] In a Fox News interview on the same day, Wolf claimed it was necessary for the federal government to "proactively arrest individuals".[87]

The Heritage Foundation

In February 2021, following the end of the Trump administration, Wolf joined The Heritage Foundation as a visiting fellow and published several papers that year before leaving the foundation.[88]

Personal life

Wolf is married to Hope Wolf and has two sons.[89] [90]

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Judge: DHS head didn't have authority to suspend DACA. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201115052430/https://apnews.com/article/new-york-immigration-deferred-action-for-childhood-arrivals-program-6da7a068fd66722136fc1fd5eb82098b. November 15, 2020. 2020-11-15. AP News. Porter. David. 2020-11-14.
  2. News: Kanno-Youngs. Zolan. 2021-01-11. Chad Wolf has resigned as acting secretary for the Homeland Security Department.. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-01-11. 0362-4331.
  3. Web site: Lundquist. Paulette. 2019-11-05. Hill.TV: Chad Wolf. live. 2021-05-27. The Hill. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20200107200407/https://thehill.com/people/chad-wolf . January 7, 2020 .
  4. Web site: Whistleblower Alleges DHS Told Him To Stop Reporting On Russia Threat. NPR.org. September 10, 2020. September 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910041425/https://www.npr.org/2020/09/09/911188416/whistleblower-alleges-dhs-tried-to-alter-intelligence-to-match-trumps-claims. live.
  5. News: Whistleblower Says DHS Leadership Tried to Halt Reports on Russian Interference. Dustin. Volz. September 9, 2020. The Wall Street Journal. September 10, 2020. September 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910044149/https://www.wsj.com/articles/senior-officials-ordered-dhs-intelligence-office-to-stop-providing-assessments-on-russian-interference-in-u-s-whistleblower-complaint-says-11599680375. live.
  6. News: Gerstein. Josh. Judge: Trump appointee lacked authority to rein in DACA. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201115085609/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/14/judge-dhs-head-suspend-daca-436527. November 15, 2020. 2020-11-15. Politico. en.
  7. News: Romero. Dennis. November 14, 2020. Federal judge rules acting DHS head Chad Wolf unlawfully appointed, invalidates DACA suspension. NBC News. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201114232936/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/federal-judge-rules-acting-dhs-head-chad-wolf-unlawfully-appointed-n1247848. November 14, 2020.
  8. News: Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . January 11, 2021 . Chad Wolf has resigned as acting secretary for the Homeland Security Department. . .
  9. Web site: Nominations of Chad F. Wolf, Jeffrey C. Byard, Troy D. Edgar, John M. Barger, And B. Chad Bungard. June 12, 2019. United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 45–46. January 13, 2021.
  10. Web site: Honea. Sue. 2019-11-16. Chad Wolf Sworn-In as Secretary of Homeland Security. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200727190621/https://mageenews.com/chad-wolf-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-homeland-security/. July 27, 2020. 2020-08-15. Magee News. en-US.
  11. Web site: Chief of Staff . June 27, 2017 . Transportation Security Administration . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170627233658/https://www.tsa.gov/leader-bios/chief-of-staff . June 27, 2017 . October 22, 2019.
  12. Web site: Life of service founded in lessons learned at Collin College . 2015 . Collin College Connection . 3, 7 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906225501/http://www.collin.edu/news/connection/2015fallConnection.pdf . September 6, 2015 . October 21, 2019.
  13. Web site: May 7, 2019. Chad Wolf. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191021233512/https://www.dhs.gov/person/chad-wolf. October 21, 2019. October 21, 2019. U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
  14. Web site: Certificate in Contract Management . Villanova University.
  15. Web site: Chad Wolf Biography . Defense Daily . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191021233524/https://www.defensedaily.com/chad-wolf-biography/ . October 21, 2019 . October 21, 2019.
  16. News: Miroff. Nick. Dawsey. Josh. 2020-08-03. Chad Wolf emerges as Trump's favorite Department of Homeland Security chief. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200815123929/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/chad-wolf-dhs-trump/2020/08/03/38b6adf8-d1d4-11ea-af07-1d058ca137ae_story.html. August 15, 2020. 2020-08-15. The Washington Post.
  17. Web site: Walker will close its doors . Meyer . Theodoric . November 30, 2018 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201118045626/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-influence/2018/11/30/wexler-walker-will-close-its-doors-437194 . November 18, 2020 . October 22, 2019 .
  18. Web site: Trump admin weighing drafter of family separation policy for DHS head. 2020-07-18. NBC News. October 22, 2019 . October 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191022184144/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/trump-admin-considering-chad-wolf-architect-family-separation-dhs-chief-n1070006. live.
  19. Web site: Trump admin considering Chad Wolf, an author of family separation policy, for DHS chief. Ainsley. Julia. Tur. Katy. October 22, 2019. . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191022184144/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/trump-admin-considering-chad-wolf-architect-family-separation-dhs-chief-n1070006. October 22, 2019. October 23, 2019. Strickler. Laura.
  20. Web site: Watchdog: Trump pick made false claims about role in family separation. Ainsley. Julia. November 7, 2019. . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108220446/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/watchdog-group-trump-dhs-pick-made-false-claims-about-role-n1078171. November 8, 2019. November 8, 2019.
  21. Web site: 2020-09-27. Trump's pick to lead Homeland Security pressed on origins of family-separation policy. 2021-11-10. BorderReport. en-US.
  22. Web site: Rosen Transcript After Questioning DHS Nominee Chad Wolf During Homeland Security Committee Hearing . 2022-03-11 . Senator Jacky Rosen . September 23, 2020 . en.
  23. Web site: United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions (Plum Book). 2016. United States Government Publishing Office. 75. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180726010013/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-PLUMBOOK-2016/content-detail.html. July 26, 2018. October 23, 2019.
  24. News: White House Personnel Director Tells Trump Top DHS Secretary Picks Ineligible for Job . Restuccia . Michelle . Hackman . Andrew . October 21, 2019. . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191021185147/https://www.wsj.com/articles/white-house-personnel-director-told-trump-that-top-candidates-for-acting-dhs-secretary-aren-t-eligible-11571683702. October 21, 2019. October 21, 2019.
  25. News: Democratic senator blocks DHS nominations, citing border conditions. Alvarez. Priscilla. June 27, 2019. . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191022000907/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/27/politics/democratic-senator-holds-dhs-nominations/. October 22, 2019. October 22, 2019.
  26. Web site: Priscilla Alvarez and Geneva Sands. Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf resigns. 2021-01-11. CNN. January 11, 2021 .
  27. Web site: Chad Wolf could be a placeholder at Homeland Security. Pettypiece. Shannon. November 1, 2019. . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102023025/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/chad-wolf-could-be-placeholder-homeland-security-n1075546. November 2, 2019. November 2, 2019.
  28. Web site: Trump aides nix his picks to take over DHS. Kumar. Anita. Lippman. Daniel. January 21, 2019. Politico. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191022000903/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/21/immigration-white-house-trump-secretary-053277. October 22, 2019. October 21, 2019.
  29. Web site: White House plans to name Chad Wolf acting DHS secretary. Lippman. Daniel. Kullgren. Ian. October 31, 2019. Politico. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191101024135/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/31/chad-wolf-acting-dhs-secretary-063363. November 1, 2019. November 1, 2019. Kumar. Anita.
  30. News: Chad Wolf to take over at DHS, but Senate needs to confirm him for different job first. Miroff. Nick. November 5, 2019. . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191116014046/https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/chad-wolf-to-take-over-at-dhs-but-senate-needs-to-confirm-him-for-different-job-first/2019/11/05/6a9e31d8-ffed-11e9-8501-2a7123a38c58_story.html. November 16, 2019. November 7, 2019.
  31. News: Here's Why Some Are Questioning the Constitutionality of Trump's New Acting AG. Katz. Eric. November 8, 2018. Government Executive. November 11, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181112021715/https://www.govexec.com/management/2018/11/heres-why-some-are-questioning-constitutionality-trumps-new-acting-ag/152689/. November 12, 2018. live.
  32. Web site: Why Trump could face legal challenges over Whitaker. Kight. Stef W.. Treene. Alayna. November 8, 2018. Axios. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191017134305/https://www.axios.com/trump-acting-attorney-general-whitaker-legal-challenges-a9199197-9817-42b4-8df2-95f92cabc861.html. October 17, 2019. October 23, 2019.
  33. Web site: Chad Wolf, former chief of staff to Kirstjen Nielsen, tapped as acting DHS head. Giaritelli. Anna. November 1, 2019. Washington Examiner . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102030859/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/chad-wolf-former-chief-of-staff-to-kirstjen-nielsen-appointed-to-dhs-head. November 2, 2019. November 2, 2019.
  34. News: Republicans gripe about acting secretaries – and pave the way for another. Levine. Marianne. November 13, 2019. . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191113131337/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/13/senate-republicans-chad-wolf-070383. November 13, 2019. November 13, 2019.
  35. News: Chad Wolf sworn in as acting Department of Homeland Security chief, fifth under Trump. Miroff. Nick. November 13, 2019. . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191113222334/https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/chad-wolf-sworn-in-as-acting-department-of-homeland-security-chief-fifth-under-trump/2019/11/13/6633a614-0637-11ea-8292-c46ee8cb3dce_story.html. November 13, 2019. November 13, 2019.
  36. Web site: Inside Trump's Gambit To Install Another Acting DHS Secretary. Cramer. Harrison. Cohen. Zach C.. November 11, 2019. National Journal. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191115235346/https://www.nationaljournal.com/s/702570/inside-trumps-gambit-to-install-another-acting-dhs-secretary. November 15, 2019. November 15, 2019.
  37. Web site: Top Democrats Call for Emergency Review of DHS Appointments. Bublé. Courtney. November 15, 2019. Government Executive . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191115223318/https://www.govexec.com/management/2019/11/top-democrats-call-emergency-review-dhs-appointments/161339/. November 15, 2019. November 15, 2019.
  38. News: Legality of Wolf, Cuccinelli appointments to DHS questioned. Misra. Tanvi. November 15, 2019. Roll Call. November 15, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191115233959/https://www.rollcall.com/news/legality-wolf-cuccinelli-dhs-appointments-questioned. November 15, 2019. live.
  39. News: Blake. Aaron. 2020-07-22. Trump's Portland crackdown is controversial. The man spearheading it might be doing so illegally.. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200723005414/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/22/trumps-actions-portland-are-controversial-man-spearheading-them-might-be-doing-so-illegally/. July 23, 2020. 2020-08-15. The Washington Post. en.
  40. News: Cheney . Kyle . GAO finds Chad Wolf, Ken Cuccinelli are ineligible to serve in their top DHS roles . 14 August 2020 . Politico. 14 August 2020 . August 15, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200815015749/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/14/gao-chad-wolf-ken-cuccinelli-ineligible-dhs-395222 . live .
  41. Web site: Department of Homeland Security – Legality of Service of Acting Secretary of Homeland Security and Service of Senior Official Performing the Duties of Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (File: B-331650) . U.S. Government Accountability Office . August 14, 2020 . August 14, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200814172032/https://www.gao.gov/products/B-331650 . live .
  42. Web site: Rosenzweig. Paul. 2020-08-14. So Who Actually IS In Charge of DHS?. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20231004234302/https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/so-who-actually-charge-dhs. October 4, 2023. 2020-08-14. Lawfare. en.
  43. News: Judge rules Chad Wolf likely unlawfully serving as Homeland Security secretary and temporarily blocks some asylum restrictions. Ly. Laura. LeBlanc. Paul. CNN. September 16, 2020. September 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200916005827/https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/14/politics/judge-chad-wolf/index.html. live.
  44. Web site: Casa de Maryland, Inc. v. Wolf, Civil Action No. 8:20-cv-02118-PX (D.Md. 2020) . September 16, 2020 . September 16, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200916175659/https://asylumadvocacy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Casa-de-Maryland-v-Wolf-Memorandum-Opinion-on-PI.pdf . live .
  45. Web site: Romero. Dennis. 2020-11-14. Federal judge rules acting DHS head Chad Wolf unlawfully appointed, invalidates DACA suspension. November 14, 2020. 2020-11-14. NBC News. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20201114232936/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/federal-judge-rules-acting-dhs-head-chad-wolf-unlawfully-appointed-n1247848. live.
  46. News: Associated Press. 2020-11-15. Judge rules Daca suspension invalid, Homeland Security head in office illegally. en-GB. The Guardian. 2020-11-15. 0261-3077. November 15, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201115080129/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/15/judge-rules-daca-suspension-invalid-homeland-security-head-in-office-illegally. live.
  47. Web site: 2020-11-15. Judge: DHS head didn't have authority to suspend DACA. 2020-11-15. AP News. November 15, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201115052430/https://apnews.com/article/new-york-immigration-deferred-action-for-childhood-arrivals-program-6da7a068fd66722136fc1fd5eb82098b. live.
  48. News: Montoya-Galvez . Camilo . January 9, 2021 . Judge blocks wide-ranging asylum limits, finding DHS chief did not have authority to issue them . .
  49. News: Jordan . Miriam . January 8, 2021 . A judge has blocked Trump's sweeping restrictions on asylum applications. . .
  50. Web site: January 8, 2021 . Pangea Legal Services v. U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security . Google Scholar.
  51. Web site: Samuels. Brett. 2020-08-25. Trump to nominate acting DHS Secretary Wolf for Senate confirmation. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200827190346/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/513565-trump-to-nominate-acting-dhs-secretary-wolf-for-senate-confirmation. August 27, 2020. 2020-08-25. The Hill. en.
  52. Web site: Douglas. Genevieve. Courtney. Shaun. 2020-08-25. Trump DHS Nominee Chad Wolf Faces Confirmation Opposition. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201118045641/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/trump-wants-acting-dhs-head-wolf-and-his-policies-made-official. November 18, 2020. 2020-08-26. Bloomberg Law. en.
  53. Web site: Klein. Betsy. Sands. Geneva. 2020-08-25. Trump to nominate acting Homeland Security secretary Chad Wolf to top role. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200825191843/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/25/politics/chad-wolf-homeland-security-secretary/index.html. August 25, 2020. 2020-08-25. CNN.
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  55. Web site: Nomination of The Honorable Chad F. Wolf to be Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security . 2020-09-23 . U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs . 2021-01-07.
  56. Web site: PN2235 – Chad F. Wolf – Department of Homeland Security. U.S. Congress. January 3, 2021. 2021-01-07.
  57. Web site: PN22 – Chad F. Wolf – Department of Homeland Security. U.S. Congress. January 6, 2021. 2021-01-07.
  58. Web site: Three Nominations and One Withdrawal Sent to the Senate. 2021-01-07. National Archives. whitehouse.gov. 2021-01-07.
  59. Web site: White House withdraws nomination of Wolf to head DHS. 2021-01-08. Reuters. 2021-01-08.
  60. Web site: Trump withdraws nomination for acting DHS secretary Chad Wolf, who had pushed the president to denounce the violence at the Capitol. 2021-01-08. Reuters. 2021-01-08.
  61. News: Lang. Marissa J.. Dawsey. Josh. Barrett. Devlin. Miroff. Nick. 2020-07-24. Operation Diligent Valor: Trump showcased federal power in Portland, making a culture war campaign pitch. The Washington Post. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200726021737/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/portland-protests-operation-diligent-valor/2020/07/24/95f21ede-cce9-11ea-89ce-ac7d5e4a5a38_story.html. July 26, 2020.
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  63. News: Miroff. Nick. Trump suspends Global Entry, traveler programs for New York residents over 'sanctuary' policies. 2020-02-05. en-US. The Washington Post. 2020-12-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20200302141354/https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/trump-suspends-global-entry-traveler-programs-for-new-york-residents-over-sanctuary-policies/2020/02/05/e2755790-4890-11ea-9475-535736e48788_story.html. 2020-03-02. live. 0190-8286.
  64. News: Hauslohner. Abigail. The Trump administration punished New York for its sanctuary policy. New York is suing.. https://web.archive.org/web/20200226025550/https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/the-trump-administration-punished-new-york-for-its-sanctuary-policy-new-york-is-suing/2020/02/07/8592bcb0-49ea-11ea-9164-d3154ad8a5cd_story.html . February 26, 2020. The Washington Post. February 7, 2020.
  65. News: Sands. Geneva. Global Entry to stay banned for NY until state grants access to DMV database, says DHS secretary. 2020-02-08. 2020-12-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20200226034104/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/07/politics/global-entry-new-york-chad-wolf/index.html. 2020-02-26. live. CNN.
  66. News: Shanahan. Ed. Kanno-Youngs. Zolan. 2020-07-23. Homeland Security Dept. Admits Making False Statements in Fight With N.Y.. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-11-20. 0362-4331. https://web.archive.org/web/20200723233100/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/nyregion/trusted-traveler-homeland-security.html. July 23, 2020. live.
  67. Web site: New York Amends Dangerous Green Light Law to Cooperate with Federal Law Enforcement on DMV Records. July 23, 2020. Department of Homeland Security. September 5, 2020. August 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200822104329/https://www.dhs.gov/news/2020/07/23/new-york-amends-dangerous-green-light-law-cooperate-federal-law-enforcement-dmv. live.
  68. News: Goldman. Adam. Benner. Katie. Kanno-Youngs. Zolan. 2021-01-30. How Trump's Focus on Antifa Distracted Attention From the Far-Right Threat. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-01-31. 0362-4331.
  69. News: Kanno-Youngs. Zolan. Fandos. Nicholas. 2020-09-09. D.H.S. Downplayed Threats From Russia and White Supremacists, Whistle-Blower Says. en-US. The New York Times. live. 2020-09-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20200909233240/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/us/politics/homeland-security-russia-trump.html. September 9, 2020. 0362-4331.
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  71. News: Allassan. Fadel. 2020-09-17. Acting Homeland Security chief Chad Wolf defies House subpoena to testify. en. Axios. live. 2020-09-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20200919200611/https://www.axios.com/chad-wolf-subpoena-homeland-security-50188a06-e4b5-44a9-8526-7e1ace3d4a14.html. September 19, 2020.
  72. News: Gonzalez. Oriana. 2020-10-30. Acting DHS chief calls on Twitter to "commit to never" censoring content. en. Axios. live. 2020-11-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101020611/https://www.axios.com/acting-dhs-chief-calls-on-twitter-to-commit-to-never-censoring-content-76841783-2f9d-4f23-a71d-c748beb3ee1b.html. November 1, 2020.
  73. News: 2021-01-11. The Latest: Acting Homeland Security chief Wolf is resigning. Associated Press. 2021-01-11.
  74. News: Miroff. Nick. Leonnig. Carol D.. Chad Wolf resigns as homeland security secretary. en-US. The Washington Post. 2021-01-12. 0190-8286.
  75. News: Sands. Geneva. 2021-01-13. Trump bears some responsibility for Capitol riot, ex-DHS acting Secretary Chad Wolf says. CNN. 2021-01-15.
  76. Web site: Hackman . Michelle . Restuccia . Andrew . DHS Involvement in Portland Clashes Fuels Debate Over Role of Agency and Its Chief . July 30, 2020 . . July 30, 2020 . July 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730142827/https://www.wsj.com/articles/dhs-involvement-in-portland-clashes-fuels-debate-over-role-of-agency-and-its-chief-11596112360 . live .
  77. News: Olmos . Sergio . Baker . Mike . Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . 2020-07-17 . Federal Agents Unleash Militarized Crackdown on Portland . . 2020-07-18 . 0362-4331 . July 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200718022044/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/17/us/portland-protests.html . live .
  78. Web site: Fires set inside Portland federal courthouse fence; 18 arrested on federal charges . July 24, 2020 .
  79. News: Shepherd. Katie. Berman. Mark. 'It was like being preyed upon': Portland protesters say federal officers in unmarked vans are detaining them. en-US. The Washington Post. 2020-11-20. 0190-8286.
  80. Web site: Wilson . Conrad . Jonathan . Levinson . Federal Law Enforcement Use Unmarked Vehicles To Grab Protesters Off Portland Streets . 2020-07-20 . www.opb.org . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720095414/https://www.opb.org/news/article/federal-law-enforcement-unmarked-vehicles-portland-protesters/ . live .
  81. Web site: 2020-07-16 . Homeland Security head visits Portland, calls demonstrators 'violent mob' and defends federal officers . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200718024621/https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2020/07/homeland-security-head-calls-portland-demonstrators-violent-mob-defends-federal-officers.html . July 18, 2020 . 2020-07-18 . oregonlive .
  82. Web site: Mangan . Dan . 2020-07-17 . Oregon outrage: Elected officials blast federal authorities for grabbing protesters off the streets in Portland . 2020-07-18 . . July 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200718035836/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/17/george-floyd-federal-authorities-grab-portland-protesters.html . live .
  83. News: Olmos . Sergio . Baker . Mike . Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . 2020-07-18 . Federal Officers Deployed in Portland Didn't Have Proper Training, D.H.S. Memo Said . . 2020-07-18 . 0362-4331 . July 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200718234356/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/18/us/portland-protests.html . live .
  84. News: Crombie . Noelle . 2020-07-20 . Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf tweeted unauthorized photographs of federal courthouse in Oregon . OregonLive . Portland, OR . 2020-07-22 . July 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200722171355/https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2020/07/acting-homeland-security-secretary-chad-wolf-tweeted-unauthorized-photographs-of-the-federal-courthouse-in-oregon.html . live .
  85. News: Haberman . Maggie . Corasaniti . Nick . Karni . Annie . Trump's Actions in Portland Mesh With His Political Message . 22 July 2020 . . 22 July 2020 . July 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200724032846/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/us/politics/trump-portland-federal-agents.html . live .
  86. News: Barone . Vincent . Acting DHS, CBP heads defend federal officers in Portland: 'We will not retreat' . 22 July 2020 . . 22 July 2020 . July 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200722005256/https://nypost.com/2020/07/21/acting-dhs-cbp-heads-defend-federal-officers-in-portland/ . live .
  87. News: Cabrera . Cristina . DHS Chief Says His Federal Agents Are 'Proactively' Arresting People In Portland . 23 July 2020 . . 22 July 2020 . July 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200723214959/https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/dhs-chief-says-his-federal-agents-are-proactively-arresting-people-in-portland . live .
  88. https://www.heritage.org/staff/chad-f-wolf "Chad Wolf"
  89. Web site: Chad Wolf . Wexler & Walker. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160921234958/http://wexlerwalker.com/team_member/chad-wolf/. September 21, 2016. October 22, 2019.
  90. Web site: Durkee . Alison . Report: Chad Wolf's Wife Works At Firm That Received $6 Million In DHS Contracts . . September 23, 2020 .

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