| Official Name: | Chañaral |
| Settlement Type: | City and commune |
| Map Alt: | Map of Chañaral commune in the Atacama Region |
| Pushpin Map Narrow: | yes |
| Pushpin Map: | Chile |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Chile |
| Coordinates: | -26.3444°N -70.6219°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Chile |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | Province |
| Subdivision Name2: | Chañaral Province |
| Government Type: | Municipality |
| Government Footnotes: | [1] |
| Leader Title: | Alcalde |
| Leader Name: | Margarita Flores |
| Leader Party: | PR |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Footnotes: | [2] |
| Area Total Km2: | 5772.4 |
| Elevation M: | 198 |
| Population Total: | 13143 |
| Population As Of: | 2002 Census |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Urban |
| Population Blank1: | 13180 |
| Population Blank2 Title: | Rural |
| Population Blank2: | 363 |
| Demographics Type1: | Sex |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Men |
| Demographics1 Info1: | 6,968 |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Women |
| Demographics1 Info2: | 6,575 |
| Timezone: | CLT |
| Utc Offset: | −4 |
| Timezone Dst: | CLST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | −3 |
| Area Code: | 56 + 52 |
| Blank Name: | Climate |
| Blank Info: | BWh |
Chañaral is a small coastal city and commune in the Atacama Region, Chile and capital of the Chañaral Province. Despite it being coastal, it is not a seaside resort, partly because the ocean is contaminated by the copper mining activity in the area.[3] [4] [5] Just north of the city lies Pan de Azúcar National Park, a notable natural landmark.
In 1824, Diego de Almeyda discovered significant copper deposits near Chañaral, and hence beginning copper mining and export in the area. For this reason, the town was founded in October 26, 1833 as Chañaral de las Ánimas ("Chañar field of the Souls"). A few years later, Pedro Lujan discovered ore at El Salado where a mine was built. A shipping port was developed in 1836 to support the transport of raw materials, and the town experienced a period of growth starting around 1860 when the mining company A. Edwards & Company established operations there.
According to the 2002 census by the National Statistics Institute (INE) the commune of Chañaral spans an area of 5772.4sqkm and had 13,543 inhabitants (6,968 men and 6,575 women). Of these, 13,180 (97.3%) lived in urban areas and 363 (2.7%) in rural areas. The population fell by 2.8% (393 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.[2]
The demonym for a person from Chañaral is Chañaralino for a man and Chañaralina for a woman.
As a commune, Chañaral is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. Since June 2021 the alcalde is Margarita Flores Salazar (PR), and the council has the following members:[1]
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Chañaral is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Daniella Circardini Milla (PS), Sofía Cid|Sofia Cid Versalovic (RN), Jaime Mulet Martinez (FREVS), Juan Santana Castillo (PS) and Cristián Tapia Ramos as part of the 4th electoral district, (together with Diego de Almagro, Copiapó, Caldera, Tierra Amarilla, Freirina, Huasco, Vallenar and Alto del Carmen).[6] The commune is represented in the Senate by Rafael Prohens Espinosa (RN) and Yasna Provoste Campillay (PDC) as part of the 4th senatorial constituency (Atacama).