| Religious Affiliation: | Shinto | ||||||||||
| Deity: | Kunitama Okami Amaterasu Okami | ||||||||||
| Module: |
Former location relative to modern Seoul
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was the most important Shinto shrine during the Japanese colonial period in Korea. It was built in 1925 in Seoul (then called Keijō) and destroyed soon after the end of colonial rule in 1945.
The famous architect and architectural historian Itō Chūta, also responsible for Meiji Jingū, contributed to its planning.
The former site of the shrine is now part of Namsan Park.
After the annexation of Korea in 1910, the Japanese government embarked upon a policy of Japanization. This included worship at Shintō shrines, as much a political expression of patriotism as a religious act.[1] [2] From 1925, school pupils were required to attend Shinto shrines, and in 1935 it became compulsory for university students and government employees to attend Shinto ceremonies.[3] [4] By 1945, there were a total of 1,140 shrines in Korea associated with State Shinto.[3]
was an advocate for attempting to use the concept of to syncretize Japanese and Korean religion. Some people identified Dangun with Susanoo-no-Mikoto, the government not wanting to take a stand on this enshrined the generic Okunitama at Chōsen Jingu so believers could have their own interpretations.[5] was a strong advocate of these positions and his advocacy was associated with the enshrinement of Okunitama at both Chōsen Jingu, and .
State authorities at Chōsen Jingu however never even allowed for Okunitama to be called "Chosen Okunitama" and indigenous Dangun traditions were suppressed in favor of worshipping Amaterasu in the shrine.
The shrine was constructed in 1925, and an enshrinement ceremony held in October.[6] It was dedicated to Amaterasu and Emperor Meiji. It was constructed in the shinmei-zukuri style of Ise Jingū.[7] [8]
Worship at the shrine increased in the 1930s after the government began forcing people to attend. This made the shrine and others a target of resentment; within days of Korea's liberation in 1945, many shrines were burnt down.
An ethnic Korean group proposed to take over Okunitama worship after the war and convert the shrine to one worshipping Dangun but was denied by the new government. also proposed a system where Japanese people in the colonies were seen as Amatsukami and natives were seen as Kunitsukami.
After the announcement of Japan's surrender on August 15, a ceremony was held that afternoon to remove the enshrined deities. The shrine was considered by the United States Army Military Government in Korea to be "enemy property".
Chōsen Jingū was demolished in October 1945.[9] The former site of the shrine is now part of Namsan Park.[10] In 1970 the "Patriot An Jung-geun Memorial Hall" was constructed on the site of the former shrine, in honour of An Jung-geun, the assassin of Itō Hirobumi, the first Japanese Resident-General. A statue of another independence activist, Kim Ku, was also erected on the spot.
The shrine ran along a straight axis of around 500m (1,600feet). The main shrine was at the far end away from the entrance.
Chōsen Jingū (plan and photographs)