Ceuta (Congress of Deputies constituency) explained
Ceuta is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish; Castilian: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects one deputy using plurality voting. Its boundaries correspond to those of the autonomous city of Ceuta.
Electoral system
The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[3]
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish; Castilian: Voto rogado) which was abolished in 2022.[4] [5] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.[3] [6] [7] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[8]
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[6] [7]
Deputies
Elections
2023 general election
November 2019 general election
Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| Vox (Vox) | 11,752 | 35.19 | +11.26 | 1 | +1 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 10,455 | 31.31 | –5.01 | 0 | –1 |
| People's Party (PP) | 7,439 | 22.28 | +0.84 | 0 | ±0 |
| United We Can (Podemos–IU) | 1,300 | 3.89 | –0.95 | 0 | ±0 |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) | 1,138 | 3.41 | –8.56 | 0 | ±0 |
| Movement for Dignity and Citizenship (MDyC) | 819 | 2.45 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 125 | 0.37 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 43 | 0.13 | –0.10 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 324 | 0.97 | +0.12 | |
|
| Total | 33,395 | | 1 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 33,395 | 98.96 | +0.15 | |
| Invalid votes | 351 | 1.04 | –0.15 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 33,746 | 53.98 | –7.46 |
| Abstentions | 28,767 | 46.02 | +7.46 |
| Registered voters | 62,513 | |
|
| Sources[10] | |
April 2019 general election
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 13,800 | 36.32 | +13.70 | 1 | +1 |
| Vox (Vox) | 9,092 | 23.93 | +23.48 | 0 | ±0 |
| People's Party (PP) | 8,147 | 21.44 | –30.42 | 0 | –1 |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) | 4,546 | 11.97 | +0.46 | 0 | ±0 |
| United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo) | 1,838 | 4.84 | –6.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 157 | 0.41 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 87 | 0.23 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 324 | 0.85 | –0.17 | |
|
| Total | 37,991 | | 1 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 37,991 | 98.81 | –0.05 | |
| Invalid votes | 459 | 1.19 | +0.05 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 38,450 | 61.44 | +10.79 |
| Abstentions | 24,130 | 38.56 | –10.79 |
| Registered voters | 62,580 | |
|
| Sources | |
2016 general election
Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 15,991 | 51.86 | +7.00 | 1 | ±0 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 6,974 | 22.62 | –0.48 | 0 | ±0 |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 3,549 | 11.51 | –1.79 | 0 | ±0 |
| United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 | 3,345 | 10.85 | –4.53 | 0 | ±0 |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 333 | 1.08 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| Vox (Vox) | 139 | 0.45 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 118 | 0.38 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 72 | 0.23 | –0.37 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 316 | 1.02 | –0.23 | |
|
| Total | 30,837 | | 1 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 30,837 | 98.86 | +0.33 | |
| Invalid votes | 357 | 1.14 | –0.33 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 31,194 | 50.65 | –3.19 |
| Abstentions | 30,393 | 49.35 | +3.19 |
| Registered voters | 61,587 | |
|
| Sources |
| |
2015 general election
Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 14,813 | 44.86 | –21.07 | 1 | ±0 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 7,627 | 23.10 | +2.84 | 0 | ±0 |
| We Can (Podemos) | 4,646 | 14.07 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 4,392 | 13.30 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) | 431 | 1.31 | –0.50 | 0 | ±0 |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 358 | 1.08 | +0.50 | 0 | ±0 |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 197 | 0.60 | –2.74 | 0 | ±0 |
| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 146 | 0.44 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 413 | 1.25 | –0.32 | |
|
| Total | 33,023 | | 1 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 33,023 | 98.53 | +0.01 | |
| Invalid votes | 493 | 1.47 | –0.01 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 33,516 | 54.36 | +1.20 |
| Abstentions | 28,144 | 45.64 | –1.20 |
| Registered voters | 61,660 | |
|
| Sources | |
2011 general election
Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 20,968 | 65.93 | +10.82 | 1 | ±0 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 6,445 | 20.26 | –20.21 | 0 | ±0 |
| Caballas Coalition (Caballas) | 1,712 | 5.38 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 1,061 | 3.34 | +2.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| United Left–Democratic and Social Party of Ceuta: Plural Left (IU–PDSC) | 576 | 1.81 | +1.14 | 0 | ±0 |
| The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) | 293 | 0.92 | +0.32 | 0 | ±0 |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 186 | 0.58 | +0.31 | 0 | ±0 |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 65 | 0.20 | +0.08 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 498 | 1.57 | +0.63 | |
|
| Total | 31,804 | | 1 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 31,804 | 98.52 | –0.82 | |
| Invalid votes | 478 | 1.48 | +0.82 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 32,282 | 53.16 | –10.16 |
| Abstentions | 28,441 | 46.84 | +10.16 |
| Registered voters | 60,723 | |
|
| Sources | |
2008 general election
2004 general election
2000 general election
1996 general election
1993 general election
1989 general election
1986 general election
1982 general election
Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 11,698 | 45.54 | +10.23 | 1 | +1 |
| People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP–PDP)1 | 7,674 | 29.87 | +22.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 2,010 | 7.82 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) | 1,870 | 7.28 | –44.59 | 0 | –1 |
| Nationalist Party of Ceuta (PNCe) | 1,785 | 6.95 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Party of Spain (PCE) | 188 | 0.73 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| New Force (FN)2 | 173 | 0.67 | –2.79 | 0 | ±0 |
| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 137 | 0.53 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 19 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Movement (MC) | 17 | 0.07 | –0.36 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 119 | 0.46 | –0.07 | |
|
| Total | 25,690 | | 1 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 25,690 | 98.37 | –0.51 | |
| Invalid votes | 427 | 1.63 | +0.51 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 26,117 | 72.29 | +6.85 |
| Abstentions | 10,011 | 27.71 | –6.85 |
| Registered voters | 36,128 | |
|
| Sources |
| |
1979 general election
1977 general election
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) | 8,808 | 36.26 | n/a | 1 | n/a |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 7,886 | 32.47 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Action for Ceuta (APC) | 2,915 | 12.00 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) | 2,763 | 11.38 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Association of Ceuta Electors (ADEC) | 1,099 | 4.52 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Spanish Social Reform (RSE) | 752 | 3.10 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Blank ballots | 67 | 0.28 | n/a | |
|
| Total | 24,290 | | 1 | n/a |
|
| Valid votes | 24,290 | 98.83 | n/a | |
| Invalid votes | 288 | 1.17 | n/a |
| Votes cast / turnout | 24,578 | 77.60 | n/a |
| Abstentions | 7,094 | 22.40 | n/a |
| Registered voters | 31,672 | |
|
| Sources | |
Notes and References
- Boletín Oficial del Estado . 305 . 21 December 2022 . es . Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022 . 0212-033X . 178928–178933.
- Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política] ]. Law . 1 . es . 4 January 1977 . 27 December 2016.
- Constitución Española] ]. es . 29 December 1978 . 27 December 2016.
- Web site: Reig Pellicer . Naiara . 16 December 2015 . Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote . cafebabel.co.uk . 17 July 2017.
- News: Araque Conde . Pilar . 8 June 2022 . El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero . es . Público . Madrid . 31 July 2022.
- Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales . Royal Decree-Law . 20 . es . 18 March 1977 . 14 December 2019.
- Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General . Organic Law . 5 . es . 19 June 1985 . 30 January 2020.
- Web site: Gallagher . Michael . 30 July 2012 . Effective threshold in electoral systems . https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php . dead . 30 July 2017 . Trinity College, Dublin . 22 July 2017.
- Boletín Oficial del Estado . 209 . 1 September 2023 . es . Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla . 0212-033X . 122201–122274.
- Web site: Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales . es . . 15 April 2022.
