Cetyl alcohol explained

Cetyl alcohol, also known as hexadecan-1-ol and palmityl alcohol, is a C-16 fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)15OH. At room temperature, cetyl alcohol takes the form of a waxy white solid or flakes. The name cetyl derives from the whale oil (cetacea oil, from Latin: [[Cetus (mythology)|cetus]]|lit=[[whale]], from Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κῆτος|translit=[[Cetus (mythology)|kētos]]|lit=huge fish)[1] from which it was first isolated.[2]

Preparation

Cetyl alcohol was discovered in 1817 by the French chemist Michel Chevreul when he heated spermaceti, a waxy substance obtained from sperm whale oil, with caustic potash (potassium hydroxide). Flakes of cetyl alcohol were left behind on cooling.[3] Modern production is based around the chemical reduction of ethyl palmitate.[4]

Occurrence and uses

The ether chimyl alcohol, derived from cetyl alcohol and glycerol, is a component of some lipid membranes.

Cetyl alcohol is used in the cosmetic industry as an opacifier in shampoos, or as an emollient, emulsifier or thickening agent in the manufacture of skin creams and lotions.[5] It is also employed as a lubricant for nuts and bolts, and is the active ingredient in some "liquid pool covers" (forming a non-volatile surface layer to reduce water evaporation, related latent vaporization heat loss, and thus to retain heat in the pool). Moreover, it can also be used as a non-ionic co-surfactant in emulsion applications.[6]

Side effects

People who have eczema can be sensitive to cetyl alcohol,[7] [8] though this may be due to impurities rather than cetyl alcohol itself.[9] However, cetyl alcohol is sometimes included in medications used for the treatment of eczema.[10]

Related compounds

Notes and References

  1. A guide to the pronunciation and meaning of cetacean taxonomic names . D. . M. Raneft . H. . Eaker . R. . W. Davis . 2001 . Aquatic Mammals . 27 . 2 . 185 . 2020-04-26 . 2016-03-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160327235028/http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/share/AquaticMammalsIssueArchives/2001/AquaticMammals_27-02/27-02_Ranneft.PDF . dead .
  2. Book: Nordegren, Thomas . The A-Z Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drug Abuse . Universal Publishers . 2002 . 1-58112-404-X. 165 .
  3. Book: Booth, James Curtis . James Curtis Booth. The Encyclopedia of Chemistry, Practical and Theoretical . 1862 . 429 . Philadelphia, H.C. Baird .
  4. Web site: July 20, 1998 . Cetyl alcohol . 2023-01-28 . . en.
  5. Book: Smolinske, Susan C . Handbook of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Excipients . CRC Press . 1992 . 75–76 . 0-8493-3585-X .
  6. Golemanov. Konstantin. Tcholakova. Slavka. Denkov. Nikolai D.. Gurkov. Theodor. April 2006. Selection of surfactants for stable paraffin-in-water dispersions, undergoing solid−liquid transition of the dispersed particles. Langmuir. 22. 8. 3560–3569. 10.1021/la053059y. 16584227. 0743-7463.
  7. 4238421 . 1969 . Gaul . LE . Dermatitis from cetyl and stearyl alcohols . 99 . 5 . 593 . Archives of Dermatology . 10.1001/archderm.1969.01610230085016.
  8. 15059111 . 2004 . Soga . F . Katoh . N . Kishimoto . S . Contact dermatitis due to lanoconazole, cetyl alcohol and diethyl sebacate in lanoconazole cream . 50 . 1 . 49–50 . 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00271j.x . Contact Dermatitis. 19854024 .
  9. 9034687 . 1997 . Komamura . H . Doi . T . Inui . S . Yoshikawa . K . A case of contact dermatitis due to impurities of cetyl alcohol . 36 . 1 . 44–6 . Contact Dermatitis . 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00921.x. 23444831 .
  10. Kato N. Numata T . Kanzaki T . Contact dermatitis due to Japanese pharmacopeia cetyl alcohol. Skin Research . 29. suppl 3 . 258–262. 1987.

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