Cerberus Capital Management Explained

Cerberus Capital Management, L.P.
Type:Private
Area Served:11 offices in 9 countries
Industry:Private equity
Products:Distressed securities and assets, Leveraged buyouts, Growth capital, Real estate investing, Commercial lending
Aum: $60 billion[1]
Location:New York City, U.S.
Subsid:Cerberus Operations and Advisory Company LLC

Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. is an American global alternative investment firm with assets across credit, private equity, and real estate strategies.[2] [3] The firm is based in New York City, and run by Steve Feinberg, who co-founded Cerberus in 1992, with William L. Richter, who serves as a senior managing director. The firm has affiliate and advisory offices in the United States, Europe and Asia.[4]

Cerberus has around US$60 billion under management in funds and accounts. The company is a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Registered Investment Adviser.[5] Investors include government and private sector pension and retirement funds, charitable foundations, university endowments, insurance companies, family savings and sovereign wealth funds.

History

Cerberus is named after the mythological three-headed dog that guarded the gates of Hell.[6] Feinberg has stated that while the Cerberus name seemed like a good idea at the time, he later regretted naming the company after the mythological dog.[7]

Dan Quayle, former Vice President of the United States 1989–1993, who served under President George H. W. Bush, joined Cerberus in 1999 and is chairman of the company's Global Investments Division.[8]

Cerberus has grown to include 11 offices in nine countries.[9] Cerberus's largest locations include New York City, Chicago, and Boise, Idaho.

Areas of focus

The company has been an acquirer of businesses over the past several years and now has investments in financial services, healthcare, consumer & retail, government services, manufacturing & distribution, technology & telecommunications, building products, energy & natural resources, apparel, paper, packaging & printing, transportation, commercial services, industrial & automotive, real estate, travel & leisure, and weaponry.[10]

The firm is active in private equity investment, lending, specialty finance, real estate investment, and securities trading. The firm's current investment portfolio includes more than 40 companies around the world with an average hold time of more than five years.[11]

Cerberus maintains the Cerberus Operations & Advisory Company LLC (COAC), which consists of senior operating executives supporting the firm's due diligence and assisting its portfolio companies.[12]

Cerberus Operations and Advisory Company LLC (COAC)

Cerberus utilizes an operations team of over 100 professionals to help source, analyze and monitor portfolio investments. Activities performed by members of COAC in the area of control private equity investments, include due diligence, acquisition planning, board membership, special project staffing and, where appropriate, occupying interim or full-time open positions.

Transactions and initiatives

Additional involvements by sector

Pharmaceuticals

In December 2004, the company announced the acquisition of Bayer's plasma products business and renamed it Talecris Biotherapeutics. It purchased Talecris for $83m, and sold the bulk of its shares in October 2009, for a net gain of $1.8bn.[54]

Paper products

The company acquired MeadWestvaco's paper business for $2.3B in 2005 and renamed it NewPage. Cerberus also purchased, from Georgia Pacific Corporation, its Distribution Division/Building Products and all of its associated real estate. It renamed this new company BlueLinx Holdings, based in Atlanta.

Aviation

The Portuguese company TAP Portugal was bought by a consortium that included David Neeleman (Founder of Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras, JetBlue Airways and WestJet) and Humberto Pedrosa.

Government services (military, energy, and food & drug)

Cerberus owns IAP Worldwide Services, which bought Johnson Controls' World Services division in February 2005. Previously owned Multimax (purchased predecessor company in 2000 and Multimax in 2006; sold entire holding in 2007 to Harris Corporation). Cerberus owns Tier 1 Group, a private company that provides military training.[55]

Real estate

Through investment affiliate Cerberus Real Estate, the company has been making direct equity, mezzanine, first mortgage, distressed and special situation investments in all asset types. Cerberus also has a minority stake in Miami Beach-based LNR Property, a large real estate development and investment firm through subsidiary Riley Property. In October 2015 Cerberus completed an acquisition from Building and Land Technology of a portfolio of single family rental homes to be managed by its affiliated company, FirstKey Homes, LLC; there are currently more than 6,000 homes in the portfolio.

Retail

Cerberus purchased 655 of the 2,500 Albertson's, Inc., grocery stores, forming Albertsons LLC of Boise, Idaho, in June 2006. It also had an ownership stake in the now-bankrupt Mervyn's department stores, which was acquired from Target Corp. In May 2012, Cerberus sold its holdings in Torex Retail Holdings, Ltd., a Dunstable, England-based provider of information technology systems for the retail, fuel and convenience stores and pub markets in the United Kingdom and Continental Europe that was acquired in June 2007, to MICROS Systems, Inc.[56] In January 2013, it announced a deal to acquire 877 stores in the Albertson's, Acme, Shaw's and Star Market chains from SuperValu for $100 million and acquisition of $3.2 billion on SuperValu debt. In February 2014, it was reported that Safeway Inc was in advanced talks with private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management LP over a leveraged buyout deal.[57] After integrating the Safeway purchase, on October 14, 2022 Kroger announced it would be acquiring Albertsons for $25 billion, combining the largest and second-largest supermarket chains in North America.[58]

Transportation

Acquired bankrupt ANC Rental, then owner of the National and Alamo car rental chains, for $230 million in October 2003, and subsequently sold to Enterprise Rent-a-Car in 2007.[59] Purchased DaimlerChrysler's 45% share of debis AirFinance, an aircraft leasing business, in May 2005. Acquisition of debis AirFinance (later renamed AerCap) was completed in July 2005. AerCap completed its IPO in 2006.[60] Cerberus also acquired North American Bus Industries, Optima Bus Corporation, and Blue Bird Corp. in the bus manufacturing sector. (Cerberus sold its commercial bus manufacturing assets to New Flyer Industries in 2013 but retained the Blue Bird school bus production line.)

Automotive

Peguform (acquired by Cerberus in 2004 and sold it to Polytec four years later), GDX Automotive (owned by Cerberus until 2011), and Chrysler.

In 2007, Cerberus and about 100 other investors purchased an 80% stake in Chrysler for $7.4 billion[61] seeking to bolster the auto maker's performance by operating as an independent company. In 2008, the plan collapsed due to an unprecedented slowdown in the U.S. auto industry and a lack of capital.[62]

In response to questioning at a hearing before the House committee on December 5, 2008 by Rep. Ginny Brown-Waite, Chrysler President and CEO Robert Nardelli said that Cerberus' fiduciary obligations to its other investors and investments prohibited it from injecting capital. "In order to achieve that goal Cerberus has advised the U.S. Treasury that it would contribute its equity in Chrysler automotive to labor and creditors as currency to facilitate the accommodations necessary to affect the restructuring."[63]

On April 30, 2009, Chrysler declared bankruptcy protection and announced that GMAC would become the financing source for new wholesale and retail Chrysler cars.

On March 30, 2009, Cerberus Capital Management announced that it would voluntarily give up its equity stake in the Chrysler as a condition of the US Treasury Department's bailout deal, but would retain its stake in Chrysler's financing arm, Chrysler Financial. Cerberus agreed to provide $2 billion to backstop a $4 billion December 2008 US Treasury Department loan given to Chrysler. In exchange for obtaining that loan, it promised many concessions including surrendering equity, foregoing profits, and giving up board seats. US Treasury and the Obama administration recognized the "sacrifices by key stakeholders" in an effort to give Chrysler the "opportunity to thrive as a long-term viable 21st century company".[64]

Chrysler Financial, once the exclusive lending arm of the automaker, remained owned by Cerberus until April 2011.[65]

Chrysler Financial initially refused to take $750 million in Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) government bailout aid because executives didn't want to abide by executive-pay limits, and because the firm doesn't necessarily need the money.[66] In January 2009, Chrysler Financial was the recipient of $1.5 billion from the Troubled Asset Relief Program. The company said that it used the money to fund 85,000 loans to purchase Chrysler automobiles. Chrysler Financial repaid all of the TARP loan in July 2009 by raising funds from an asset-backed securitization through the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility program.[67]

In December 2010, Cerberus agreed to sell certain assets of Chrysler Financial to TD Bank Group for $6.3 billion in cash, retaining approximately $1 billion in Chrysler Financial assets.[68] This transaction, which closed in April 2011, allowed Cerberus to recover virtually all of its investment in Chrysler.[69] [70]

Staffing services

Advantage Hire Thinking (formerly known as Radia International).

Financial services

Cerberus acquired 51% of GMAC, General Motors' finance arm, in 2006 for $7.4 billion. It appointed Ezra Merkin as nonexecutive Chairman.[71] [72]

On December 10, 2008, GMAC said, "GMAC LLC, the auto and home lender seeking federal aid, hasn't obtained enough capital to become a bank holding company and may abandon the effort, casting new doubt on the firm's ability to survive. A $38 billion debt exchange by GMAC and its Residential Capital LLC mortgage unit to reduce the company's outstanding debt and raise capital hasn't attracted enough participation.” GMAC's exposure to the gap in residual values was around $3.5 billion.[73]

In December 2008, Cerberus subsequently informed GMAC's bondholders that the financial services company may have to file for bankruptcy if a bond-exchange plan is not approved. The company had previously said it may fail in its quest to become a bank holding company because it lacks adequate capital. In January 2009, Merkin resigned from his chairmanship as a condition by the U.S. government.[74] Five days earlier, the Federal Reserve granted GMAC bank holding company status, so it could get access to the bailout money.[75] On December 29, 2008, the U.S. Treasury gave GMAC $5 billion from its $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). (On May 21, 2009, the US Treasury department announced it would invest an additional $7.5 billion in GMAC, and on December 30, 2009, the US Treasury department said that they would invest another $3.8 billion in GMAC because the company had been unable to raise additional funds in the private sector. This raised the total government investment in GMAC to $16.3 billion.)

Cerberus's investments in Chrysler and GMAC totaled about 7% of its assets under management.[76] At the end of May 2009, Cerberus scaled back their ownership of GMAC as a condition of the lender becoming a bank-holding company, when the bulk of GM's existing ownership stake in GMAC was placed into a trust, overseen by a trustee appointed by the Treasury, to be gradually dispersed. Cerberus distributed the majority of its stake in GMAC to its investors.[77] The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) gave GMAC access to the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program that allows companies to borrow money at lower interest rates. The initiative was created in October 2008 to help banks borrow money by promising to repay investors if the banks defaulted. The U.S. Government also waived a rule that would restrict the amount of loans that GMAC could make to Chrysler's customers and dealers because both firms are owned in part by Cerberus Capital Management.[78]

In December 2006, Cerberus acquired the Austrian bank BAWAG P.S.K. for a reported EUR3.2 billion. In August 2007, Cerberus announced that it was closing one of their mortgage companies, Aegis Mortgage. It owned half of a 9.9% share (5%) with the Gabriel Group in Bank Leumi, purchased in 2005,[79] but as of April 19, 2009, it was decided to sell in order to boost capital.[80] Cerberus also has a controlling interest in Japanese bank Aozora.[81]

In Australia, Cerberus purchased Bluestone Mortgages (specialist mortgage lending and servicing) in 2018, Angle Finance (equipment finance) in 2019 and Westpac Group's Strategic Alliances (Vendor Finance) in 2020.[82]

Firearms

Cerberus acquired Bushmaster Firearms International, from Windham, Maine native Dick Dyke for an undisclosed sum in April 2006, and purchased Remington Arms in April 2007. Under Cerberus's direction, Bushmaster Firearms acquired Cobb Manufacturing, a manufacturer of large-caliber tactical rifles, in August 2007. Cerberus also acquired DPMS Panther Arms on December 14, 2007.[83] [84] Remington Arms acquired Marlin Firearms in January 2008.[85] [86] In October 2009, Remington Military products acquired silencer manufacturer Advanced Armament Corporation.[87] These companies were combined into the Remington Outdoor Company. Cerberus made plans to sell its share in the Remington Outdoor Company on December 18, 2012, after the Bushmaster AR-15 was used in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. This decision was made due to a threat by the board of the California state teachers' pension plan, which owns a stake in the company, to dispose of stakes it holds in any firearms manufacturer that makes weapons banned by California state law. In March 2014, Cerberus rejected a $1 billion buyout offer for Remington Outdoor Company [88] and thereafter was unable to find a satisfactory buyer.[89] Cerberus continued to have ownership in Remington Outdoor Company, and CalSTRS announced its divestment from Cerberus' gun holdings in June 2015.[90] In March 2018, Freedom Group, now known as Remington Outdoor Company, sought chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[91]

Entertainment

Acquired a group of seven television stations, Four Points Media Group, from CBS Corporation in 2007.[92] [93] On September 8, 2011, Cerberus announced the sale of these same seven stations to the Sinclair Broadcast Group for $200 million; this sale was completed on January 1, 2012.[94]

Other sectors

In 2007, Cerberus sold a holding in Formica, Inc.

Broken deal for United Rentals

In the summer of 2007, Cerberus agreed to buy United Rentals, the world's largest equipment rental company that was traded on the NYSE. After the credit markets began to tighten in August, Cerberus decided not to make the acquisition, agreeing to pay United Rentals a $100 million "reverse termination fee" that the parties had negotiated and included in their agreement. United Rentals sued in the Delaware Court of Chancery for specific performance (i.e., a court mandate that Cerberus complete the deal). Cerberus cited the clear language contained in the deal agreement that capped its liability for not completing the transaction at $100 million. After a two-day trial, Delaware Chancellor William B. Chandler, III, ruled in favor of Cerberus, writing in his ruling that "URI knew or should have known what Cerberus' understanding of the merger agreement was."[95] In a statement, Cerberus said it was "gratified" by the court's ruling and was "pleased that the court chose to decide the case on the merits and confirm that Cerberus acted in accordance with its rights and obligations."[96]

See also

Notes and references

Notes
  • References

    • External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: Home . Cerberus Capital Management.
    2. The Economic Times."HDFC Capital, Cerberus set to pair up for $1 billion real estate investment fund"
    3. Leaders Magazine. "Providing Economic Opportunity: An Interview with The Honorable Dan Quayle, Chairman, Cerberus Global Investments, LLC" .
    4. BusinessWeek. "What's Bigger Than Cisco, Coke, Or McDonald's?" .
    5. SEC Website. Web site: IAPD - Investment Adviser Search . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160129072024/http://www.adviserinfo.sec.gov/IAPD/Content/Search/iapd_Search.aspx . January 29, 2016 . January 13, 2012. .
    6. News: Mark Reutter . January 18, 2012 . New York hedge fund takes investment stake in Sparrows Point owner . Baltimore Brew .
    7. News: May 21, 2007 . Cerberus now controls 80 percent of Chrysler . Chicago Sun-Times . March 27, 2017.
    8. https://www.cerberus.com/our-firm/leadership/ "Leadership,"
    9. Web site: Cerberus Global Footprint . December 18, 2016 . Cerberus.
    10. Web site: Cerberus Capital Management . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121101153626/http://www.cerberuscapital.com/investment_strategies/control_and_non-control_private_equity_investments . November 1, 2012 . October 22, 2012 . Cerberuscapital.com.
    11. News: Casey Ross . March 25, 2010 . Cerberus's success hurt by a pair of gambles . .
    12. https://web.archive.org/web/20100920215653/http://online.barrons.com/article/SB50001424052970204914704575489910130579520.html Barron's
    13. Reuters. "GeoEye in financing deal with Cerberus; shares rise" .
    14. Seeking Alpha. "GeoEye: Insiders Prep for Mega-Growth" .
    15. Los Angeles Times. "Creditors set to gain Panavision" .
    16. News: Cerberus says its investment in Steward hospitals yielded an $800 million profit . April 2, 2024 . Weisman . Robert . The Boston Globe . April 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403170821/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/04/02/business/cerberus-capital-management-steward-health-care/ . April 3, 2024.
    17. Wall Street Journal. "Cerberus to Acquire DynCorp for About $1 Billion" .
    18. Wall Street Journal. "Pit Bulls: Cerberus Makes a Killing Again" .
    19. Private Equity Wire. "Drago and Cerberus acquire 97 bank branches from Caja Madrid" .
    20. PropertyWeek.com. "Cerberus completes Maxim deal" .
    21. PropertyEU. "Cerberus bags EUR 1b portfolio from Metro shareholders" .
    22. BusinessWeek. https://archive.today/20120730215116/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9N8QTSO0.htm.
    23. Web site: 2011-05-16 . Cerberus Capital Management to acquire Regulus Group and J&B Software from 3i Infotech Financial Software . 2021-11-16 . www.tmcnet.com.
    24. Wall Street Journal. https://archive.today/20120713150214/http://professional.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703421204576326331086578832.html?mg=reno-secaucus-wsj.
    25. WSJ Deal Journal. "Cerberus Wants A Bite Of Turkey" .
    26. J.P. Morgan Press Release. "Cerberus Appoints J.P. Morgan as Administrator for its Investment Fund" .
    27. WSJ Deal Journal. "Court Fight Behind Them, Cerberus Clinches Its Innkeepers Deal" .
    28. PR Newswire. "Covis Pharma to Acquire U.S. Rights from GlaxoSmithKline for Fortaz®, Zinacef®, Lanoxin®, Parnate®, and Zantac® Injection" .
    29. RG Steel Press Release. "http://www.rg-steel.com/news/pressreleases/RG%20Steel%20Strengthens%20Liquidity%20with%20New%20Capital%20from%20Cerberus%20Capital%20Management%20and%20The%20Renco%20Group%201-18-12.pdf" .
    30. YP Press Release. "YP LAUNCHES TODAY AS NORTH AMERICA’S LEADING LOCAL SEARCH, MEDIA AND ADVERTISING COMPANY" .
    31. AT&T Press Release. advertise-publish "AT&T Completes Sale of Advertising Solutions and Interactive Business Units to Cerberus".
    32. Bloomberg TV. "AT&T to Sell Most of Yellow Pages to Cerberus" .
    33. AT&T Press Release. financial "AT&T To Sell Advertising Solutions and Interactive Business Units to Cerberus".
    34. MarketWatch.com. "Cerberus Completes Sale of Guilford Mills"
    35. News: Lattman . Peter . December 18, 2012 . In Unusual Move, Cerberus to Sell Gun Company . The New York Times .
    36. News: Berman . Jillian . September 24, 2013 . Wall Street Firm Hasn't Sold Off AR-15 Maker Despite Newtown Promise . Huffington Post .
    37. News: January 10, 2013 . Supervalu to sell 5 grocery chains, including Albertson's, Jewel-Osco, to Cerebus-led group . The Washington Post . dead . January 10, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190117013412/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/supervalu-to-sell-5-grocery-chains-including-albertsons-jewel-osco-to-cerebus-led-group/2013/01/10/94b54e7e-5b31-11e2-b8b2-0d18a64c8dfa_story.html . January 17, 2019.
    38. Web site: Carol Lawrence . Company plans to lay off 100 in Oxnard when it closes . January 30, 2015 . VCS.
    39. Web site: Home . https://web.archive.org/web/20140307080509/http://www.cerberuscapital.com/news/safeway_and_albertsons_announce_definitive_merger_agreement . March 7, 2014 . Cerberus Capital Management.
    40. Web site: Government agrees record-breaking £13 billion sale of former Northern Rock mortgages . May 16, 2019 . GOV.UK . en.
    41. Wall Street Journal. "Cerberus Strikes Deal to Buy Into Avon" .
    42. Web site: Morgan . Geoffrey . Trican Well Service Ltd's sale of U.S. unit prompts stock upgrade by analysts . September 28, 2016 . Financial Post.
    43. Web site: American Securities Completes Acquisition of 57% of Blue Bird Corporation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161002060426/http://www.barchart.com/headlines/story/2379337/american-securities-completes-acquisition-of-57-of-blue-bird-corporation . October 2, 2016 . September 28, 2016 . Barchart.
    44. News: Pruner . Dagney . GE Agrees to Sell $4.6 Billion French Banking Unit to Cerberus . September 28, 2016 . Bloomberg. June 23, 2016 .
    45. Web site: Lauzon . Michael . Cerberus buys auto supplier ABC Group . July 2016 . September 28, 2016 . Plastics News.
    46. News: Staples to sell controlling stake in European unit to Cerberus . December 7, 2016 . December 18, 2016 . Reuters.
    47. News: Storbeck . Olaf . 2018-02-23 . JC Flowers and Cerberus close in on HSH Nordbank . Financial Times . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211191216/https://www.ft.com/content/79df1446-18c2-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44 . December 11, 2022 . subscription . live . 2021-11-16 .
    48. Exclusive: Buyer of Paul Allen's Stratolaunch space venture is secretive Trump ally
    49. 1204552846143713280 . WJeanFloyd . Stratolaunch grew from 13 to 87 employees over the past 2 months. . December 10, 2019 . December 11, 2019.
    50. Web site: Primack . Dan . Last-minute deal saves Pennsylvania hospital from closing . March 31, 2020 . Axios . March 31, 2020 . en.
    51. Web site: $40 million to keep Easton Hospital open? 'Extortion during a crisis' and other reactions . March 31, 2020 . mcall.com. March 24, 2020 .
    52. Web site: Beka Finance Acquires Haya's Debt Issuer From Cerberus - Brainsre news España . October 29, 2021 . 2023-05-09 . en-US.
    53. News: November 24, 2022. U.S. military poised to return to Subic Bay, counter China's presence. 14 February 2023. Kyodo News.
    54. Alternet, January 8, 2010, Cerberus Capital: Literally Blood-Sucking the Poor to Make Their Billions
    55. News: Mazzetti . Mark . 22 June 2021 . Saudi Operatives Who Killed Khashoggi Received Paramilitary Training in U.S. . . 9 July 2021.
    56. [MICROS]
    57. News: Cerberus in advanced talks to buy Safeway - sources | Reuters . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140228163125/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/21/safeway-cerberus-idUSL2N0LP2UJ20140221 . February 28, 2014 . June 30, 2017 . Reuters. February 21, 2014 .
    58. News: U.S. grocer Kroger carts away Albertsons for $25 billion but faces antitrust test. Aishwarya. Venugopal. Diane. Bartz. Abigail. Summerville. Diane. Bartz. Abigail. Summerville. Reuters . October 14, 2022. www.reuters.com. April 23, 2023. December 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221209010636/https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/kroger-acquire-rival-albertsons-near-25-billion-deal-2022-10-14/. live.
    59. Financial Times. "Enterprise Rent-A-Car to Buy Vanguard" .
    60. Reuters. "Dutch AerCap's US IPO raises $600.3 million" .
    61. New York Times. "Chrysler's Friends in High Places" .
    62. Forbes. "Chrysler's Hidden Coffers" .
    63. Wall Street Journal Blog. "Statement by Cerberus Capital Management" .
    64. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. "Obama Administration Auto Restructuring Initiative" .
    65. Toronto Dominion News Release. "TD completes Chrysler Financial acquisition".
    66. Wall Street Journal. "Treasury Pressures Chrysler, Fiat in Meetings" .
    67. The New York Times DealBook. "Chrysler Financial Pays Back Its TARP Loan" .
    68. Wall Street Journal. "Toronto-Dominion Bank Close to Deal for Chrysler Financial" .
    69. The New York Times DealBook. "Cerberus, Recouping Costs, Will Sell Chrysler Financial" .
    70. Bloomberg. "Cerberus Is Said to Recoup 90% of Chrysler Investment After Loan Unit Sale" .
    71. PrivateEquity Online. "Cerberus indirectly linked to Madoff scandal" .
    72. The New York Times. "Inquiry Started of Financier Who Invested With Madoff" .
    73. The Truth About Cars.com. "GMAC Leasing Debacle: Bankruptcy Fears Loom Large" .
    74. New York Magazine. "The Monster Mensch" .
    75. The New York Times DealBook. "Judge Restrains Merkin Funds In Madoff Suit" .
    76. The New York Times. "Chrysler's Friends in High Places".
    77. Wall Street Journal. "GMAC Gap Looks to Be Filled by Big Stake From Government" .
    78. Washington Post. "As GMAC Gets More Aid, Bailout Becomes One of Nation's Biggest".
    79. Haaretz.com. "Tshuva taking aim at Bank Leumi" .
    80. Reuters. "Cerberus, Gabriel to sell stake in Bank Leumi: source" .
    81. Bloomberg BusinessWeek. "Aozora Bank Gains on Profit Outlook; Resona Net Rises".
    82. Web site: August 21, 2020 . Cerberus Announces Acquisition of Westpac's Strategic Alliances (Vendor Finance) Business .
    83. Web site: December 15, 2007 . DPMS Acquired By Cerberus. Joins Bushmaster and Remington. . October 12, 2008 . AccurateShooter.com Bulletin.
    84. News: December 14, 2007 . DPMS Acquired By Cerberus Capital Management Affiliate . Shooting Wire . dead . October 12, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081207060959/http://www.shootingwire.com/shooting_wire_release.html?releaseID=124422 . December 7, 2008 . mdy-all.
    85. Remington to Acquire Marlin Firearms; Deal positions Marlin and its various brands for growth . December 26, 2007 . Marlin Firearms . https://web.archive.org/web/20071231021314/http://www.marlinfirearms.com/news/press.aspx . December 31, 2007.
    86. Web site: January 28, 2008 . Form 8-K: Remington Arms Company, Inc. . October 12, 2008 . . On January 28, 2008 (the “Marlin Closing Date”), Remington completed its acquisition.....
    87. Web site: Advanced Armament Corp. » BREAKING NEWS – Remington and AAC . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20091012194340/http://www.aacblog.com/?p=5041 . October 12, 2009 . July 11, 2009. AAC official blog with press release October 5, 2009 entry
    88. News: Barrett . Paul . From Out of the Blue, a $1 Billion Bid for America's Biggest Gun Company . June 17, 2015 . Bloomberg . March 12, 2014 .
    89. News: Kary . Tiffany . Ronalds-Hannon . Eliza . March 25, 2018 . Cerberus's Remington Gunmaker Seeks Bankruptcy Protection . Bloomberg News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180326051105/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-26/cerberus-s-remington-gunmaker-seeks-bankruptcy-shield-from-debts . March 26, 2018.
    90. Web site: Kasler . Dale . June 8, 2015 . CalSTRS cashes out of firearms investment . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150611112936/http://www.sacbee.com/news/business/article23501845.html . June 11, 2015 . June 15, 2016 . The Sacramento Bee.
    91. In re Remington Outdoor Company Inc., 18-10684, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, District of Delaware (Delaware)News: Hart . Benjamin . March 26, 2018 . Gun Giant Remington Declares Bankruptcy . Daily Intelligencer (New York Media) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180326173601/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/03/gun-giant-remington-declares-bankruptcy.html . March 26, 2018.
    92. News: February 7, 2007 . CBS sells Austin's KEYE to private equity firm . . dead . October 12, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081207034635/http://www.statesman.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/austin/theticker/entries/2007/02/07/ . December 7, 2008 . CBS Corporation (NYSE: CBS, CBS.A) announced today it has entered into a definitive agreement to sell seven of its owned television stations to Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. for $185 million. . mdy-all.
    93. Web site: CBS CORP, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Apr 29, 2008 . May 15, 2018 . secdatabase.com . On January 10, 2008, the Company completed the sale of seven of its owned television stations in Austin, Salt Lake City, Providence and West Palm Beach to Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. for approximately $185 million..
    94. Web site: Cerberus Capital Management . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121105075813/http://www.cerberuscapital.com/investment_strategies/control_and_non-control_private_equity_investments/companies . November 5, 2012 . October 22, 2012 . Cerberuscapital.com.
    95. Wall Street Journal LawBlog. "Chancellor Chandler Hands Cerberus a Big Win" .
    96. The New York Times DealBook. "Judge Rules Against United Rentals in Deal Lawsuit" .

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