Central and Eastern Europe explained

Central and Eastern Europe is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltics), Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primarily the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe, as well as from former Yugoslavia. Scholarly literature often uses the abbreviations CEE or CEEC for this term.[1] [2] [3] The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) also uses the term "Central and Eastern European Countries" (CEECs) for a group comprising some of these countries. This term is sometimes used for "Eastern Europe" instead for more neutral grouping.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Definitions

The term CEE includes the Eastern Bloc (Warsaw Pact) countries west of the post-World War II border with the former Soviet Union; the independent states in former Yugoslavia (which were not considered part of the Eastern bloc); and the three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (which chose not to join the CIS with the other 12 former republics of the USSR).The CEE countries are further subdivided by their accession status to the European Union (EU): the eight first-wave accession countries that joined the EU on 1 May 2004 (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovenia), the two second-wave accession countries that joined on 1 January 2007 (Romania and Bulgaria) and the third-wave accession country that joined on 1 July 2013 (Croatia). According to the World Bank 2008 analysis, the transition to advanced market economies is over for all 10 countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007.[9]

The CEE countries include the former socialist states, which extend east of Austria, Germany (western part), and Italy; north of Greece and Turkey (European part); south of Finland and Sweden; and west of Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine:

CountryNotes
AlbaniaMember state
Bosnia and Herzegovina
BulgariaMember stateMember state
CroatiaMember stateMember state
Czech RepublicMember stateMember state
EstoniaMember stateMember state[10]
HungaryMember stateMember state
Partially recognized state
LatviaMember stateMember state
LithuaniaMember stateMember state
MontenegroMember state
Member state
PolandMember stateMember state
RomaniaMember stateMember state
Serbia
SlovakiaMember stateMember state
SloveniaMember stateMember state
Partially recognized state
ArmeniaMember state of CIS and CSTO
AzerbaijanMember state of CIS
BelarusMember state of CIS and CSTO
Georgia
Member state of CIS
Member state of CIS and CSTO
Partially recognized state
Partially recognized state
Ukraine

According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, "Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) is an OECD term for the group of countries comprising Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania."[11]

The term Central and Eastern Europe (abbreviated CEE) has displaced the alternative term East-Central Europe in the context of transition countries, mainly because the abbreviation ECE is ambiguous: it commonly stands for Economic Commission for Europe, rather than East-Central Europe.[12]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Inotai . András . BUDAPEST—Ghost of Second-Class Status Haunts Central and Eastern Europe . Autumn 2009 . Europe's World . 2012-09-04 . 2013-01-12 . https://archive.today/20130112164420/http://www.europesworld.org/NewEnglish/Home_old/Article/tabid/191/ArticleType/articleview/ArticleID/21480/language/en-US/Default.aspx . dead .
  2. Z. Lerman, C. Csaki, and G. Feder, Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Post-Soviet Countries, Lexington Books, Lanham, MD (2004), see, e.g., Table 1.1, p. 4.
  3. J. Swinnen, ed., Political Economy of Agrarian Reform in Central and Eastern Europe, Ashgate, Aldershot (1997).
  4. Mälksoo . Maria . 2019-05-04 . The normative threat of subtle subversion: the return of 'Eastern Europe' as an ontological insecurity trope . Cambridge Review of International Affairs . 32 . 3 . 365–383 . 10.1080/09557571.2019.1590314 . 159184190 . 0955-7571.
  5. Book: Twardzisz, Piotr . Defining 'Eastern Europe': A Semantic Inquiry into Political Terminology . 2018-04-25 . Springer . 978-3-319-77374-2 . 18 . en.
  6. Hall . Derek . July 1999 . Destination branding, niche marketing and national image projection in Central and Eastern Europe . Journal of Vacation Marketing . en . 5 . 3 . 227–237 . 10.1177/135676679900500303 . 154698941 . 1356-7667. free .
  7. Book: Zarycki, Tomasz . Ideologies of Eastness in Central and Eastern Europe . 2014 . 10.4324/9781315819006. 9781317818571 . 129401740 .
  8. Web site: Eastern promise and Western pretension – 09/07/2018 . 2022-11-16 . DW . Boris . Kalnoky . en.
  9. Web site: Unleashing Prosperity: Productivity Growth in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union . World Bank . Washington, D.C. . 2008 . 42 . Asad . Alam . Paloma . Anós Casero . Faruk . Khan . Charles . Udomsaph . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181128164552/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ECAEXT/Resources/publications/UnleashingProsperity.pdf . Nov 28, 2018 .
  10. Web site: CEE countries . 9 August 2011 . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20220906013116/http://www.weastra.com/cee-countries/ . Sep 6, 2022 . Weastra.
  11. Web site: Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) Definition . OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms . OECD Statistics . November 2, 2001 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221025073423/http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=303 . Oct 25, 2022 .
  12. Web site: UNECE Homepage. unece.org.

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