Central European Highlands Explained
The Central European Highlands consist of the high mountains of the Alpine Mountains and the Carpathian Mountains systems and also mountainous ranges of medium elevation (between about NaNm (-2,147,483,648feet) a.s.l.), e.g. those belonging to the Bohemian Massif, still prevailingly of mountainous character.
Both types of mountains act as "water towers". Their high elevation brings about high precipitation and low evaporation, and the resulting surplus of water balance feeds large European rivers and other important water sources. Beside the mountains, large areas of Central Europe are occupied by highlands or peneplains of lower altitude (NaNm (-2,147,483,648feet)) in which the surplus of annual water balance is less noticeable.
It includes the uplands of Central Europe and southwestern Europe. Blocks of elevated highlands are found as dissected plateaus and faulted valleys. These are the Meseta plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, the Central massif of France, the highlands of Brittany and south west Ireland, the Rhine highlands, the Vosges, the Black Forest of the Rhine and so on.
References
- Book: 10.1016/b978-0-12-369449-2.00014-x . Rivers of the Central European Highlands and Plains . Rivers of Europe . 2009 . Pusch . Martin . Behrendt . Horst . Gancarczyk . Aleksandra . Kronvang . Brian . Sandin . Leonard . Stendera . Sonja . Wolter . Christian . Andersen . Hans E. . Fischer . Helmut . Hoffmann . Carl. C. . Nowacki . Franciszek . Schöll . Franz . Svendsen . Lars M. . Bäthe . Jürgen . Friberg . Nikolai . Hachoł . Justyna . Pedersen . Morten L. . Scholten . Matthias . Wnuk-Gławdel . Ewa . 525–576 . 978-0-12-369449-2 . 128731308 .
- Book: 10.1016/B978-0-12-369449-2.00014-X . Rivers of the Central European Highlands and Plains . Rivers of Europe . 2009 . Pusch . Martin . Behrendt . Horst . Gancarczyk . Aleksandra . Kronvang . Brian . Sandin . Leonard . Stendera . Sonja . Wolter . Christian . Andersen . Hans E. . Fischer . Helmut . Hoffmann . Carl. C. . Nowacki . Franciszek . Schöll . Franz . Svendsen . Lars M. . Bäthe . Jürgen . Friberg . Nikolai . Hachoł . Justyna . Pedersen . Morten L. . Scholten . Matthias . Wnuk-Gławdel . Ewa . 525–576 . 978-0-12-369449-2 . 128731308 .
- Doležal . F. . Kvítek . T. . Soukup . M. . Kulhavý . Z. . Tippl . M. . Central European highlands and their hydrological role, with special regard to the Bohemian-Moravian highlands . 26 September 2003 . Mountain Hydrology Workshop . Bucharest, Romania .
- Web site: Central European Uplands 511 - region, boats, mountains, rhine, valleys and german. 2021-09-29. gluedideas.com. 2021-09-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20210929202123/http://gluedideas.com/content-collection/human-geography/Central-European-Uplands-511_P1.html. dead.
- Leopold . Matthias . Völkel . Jörg . GPR images of periglacial slope deposits beneath peat bogs in the Central European Highlands, Germany . Geological Society, London, Special Publications . January 2003 . 211 . 1 . 181–189 . 10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.211.01.15 . 129768188 .
- Michniewicz . Aleksandra . Tors in Central European Mountains – are they indicators of past environments? . Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series . 18 June 2019 . 16 . 1 . 67–87 . 10.2478/bgeo-2019-0005 . 195789604 . free .
- Book: M. . Gude . S. . Dietrich . R. . Mäusbacher . C. . Hauck . R. . Molenda . V. . Ruzicka . M. . Zacharda . Probable occurrence of sporadic permafrost in non-alpine scree slopes in central Europe . 331–336 . https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/ICOP/55700698/Pdf/Chapter_060.pdf . Marcia . Phillips . Sarah M. . Springman . Lukas U. . Arenson . Permafrost . 978-90-5809-582-4 .
- Samec . Pavel . Kučera . Aleš . Tuček . Pavel . Fluctuations in the properties of forest soils in the Central European highlands (Czech Republic) . Soil and Water Research . 31 December 2014 . 9 . 4 . 201–213 . 10.17221/68/2013-swr . 73666160 . free .
- Lehrian . Stephanie . Pauls . Steffen U. . Haase . Peter . Contrasting patterns of population structure in the montane caddisflies Hydropsyche tenuis and Drusus discolor in the Central European highlands . Freshwater Biology . February 2009 . 54 . 2 . 283–295 . 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02107.x .
- Badura . Janusz . Jary . Zdzisław . Smalley . Ian . Sources of loess material for deposits in Poland and parts of Central Europe: The lost Big River . Quaternary International . May 2013 . 296 . 15–22 . 10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.019 .
- Novak . M. . Emmanuel . S. . Vile . M.A. . Erel . Y. . Veron . A.J. . Wieder . R.K. . 2003 . The provenance of lead in Central European peat bogs . International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry .
- Samec . Pavel . Kučera . Aleš . Tuček . Pavel . Fluctuations in the properties of forest soils in the Central European highlands (Czech Republic) . Soil and Water Research . 31 December 2014 . 9 . 4 . 201–213 . . 10.17221/68/2013-SWR . 73666160 . free .
- Web site: 2021-06-12. Germany. 2021-09-29. ArcGIS StoryMaps. en.
- Robin . Vincent . Bork . Hans-Rudolf . Nadeau . Marie-Josée . Nelle . Oliver . Fire and forest history of central European low mountain forest sites based on soil charcoal analysis: The case of the eastern Harz . The Holocene . January 2014 . 24 . 1 . 35–47 . 10.1177/0959683613515727 . 128952186 .
- Book: Henfrey, A. . The Vegetation of Europe: Its Conditions and Causes . J. van Voorst . Outlines of the natural history of Europe . 1 . 1852 . 208–234.