Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) explained

Number:	Central Committee
of the 17th Congress
Start:	10 February 1934
End:	22 March 1939
Gs:	Joseph Stalin
Ss:	Lazar Kaganovich (1934–1935)
Ig:	Politburo 12 full & 5 candidates Secretariat: 6 members Orgburo: 12 full & 2 candidates
Departments:	12
Full:	71 full
Candidates:	68 candidates
Previous:	16th
Next:	18th

The Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) sat from 10 February 1934 until the convening of the 18th Congress on 10 March 1939. Its 1st Plenary Session elected the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo. The 17th Congress was labelled the "Congress of Victors" to mark the success of the first five-year plan and the collectivization of agriculture. The CC 1st Plenary Session elected Joseph Stalin General Secretary of the Central Committee, and Lazar Kaganovich continued to serve as Stalin's deputy, an informal post referred to by Sovietologists as Second Secretary, and was empowered to manage party business and sign Politburo resolutions when Stalin was away from Moscow.

This Central Committee composition saw the de-formalisation of politics; for example, the number of Politburo meetings was reduced to 16 for the year of 1934. Politburo decisions were made either by polling the members or informal meeting between Stalin and other Politburo members. According to Ukrainian historian Oleg Khlevniuk the "procedures followed by the Politburo became increasingly simplified as it was transformed from a collective body into an appendage of a decision-making system that rested on Stalin's sole authority. According to Vadim Rogovin, "During the period of the Great Purge, the rights of the Central Committee and its members were restricted even more", noting that CC members lost the right to attend Politburo sessions or being informed on the decisions taken by the Politburo, Secretariat or the Orgburo. When looking back, Nikita Khrushchev lamented the situation; "by 1938, the earlier democracy in the Central Committee had already been greatly undermined. For instance, as a candidate member of the Politburo, I did not receive materials of our sessions. ... I received only the material which Stalin sent to me on his own orders."

Of the 139 full members and candidate members elected at the 17th Party Congress, 98 people were killed in the period 1936–1940. Of these 44 (out of 71) were full members, while 55 (out of 68) were candidate members. Of those arrested, over 80 percent of them were below the age of 50. When the 18th Party Congress convened in 1939, 31 individuals remained in the Central Committee. Of these, seven were not reelected, and of them five were pensioned or relieved of leading offices (Grigory Petrovsky, Gleb Krzhizhanovsky, Grigory Broydo, Mikhail Chuvyrin and Isaak Schwartz) while Tikhon Yurkin and Avraami Zavenyagin were reelected to the CC at the 19th Party Congress (in 1952) and the 20th Party Congress (in 1956) respectively. Of the 24 reelected at the 18th Party Congress, four would be subject to violent repression (Mikhail Kaganovich in 1941, Solomon Lozovsky in 1952, Lavrentiy Beria in 1953 and Mir Jafar Baghirov in 1956). Klavdiya Nikolayeva became the only CC member who had previously been active in intra-party opposition to survive the purge.When asked in an interview how the Central Committee approved its own destruction (the decision to expel a member from the CC or for a member to be arrested by the authorities had to be approved by the CC itself through a plenary session), Vyacheslav Molotov replied; "In the first place, on democratic centralism—Listen, it did not happen that a minority expelled a majority. It happened gradually. Seventy expelled 10–15 people, then 60 expelled another 15. All in line with majority and minority. ... Essentially, it happened that a minority of the composition of the TsK [CC] remained of this majority, but without formal violation [of democratic centralism]." According to J. Arch Getty and Oleg Naumov the CC "In the name of party unity and with a desperate feeling of corporate self-preservation, the nomenklatura committed suicide." However, there were some within the CC who breached party tradition and spoke against the purges, such as Grigory Kaminsky and Osip Piatnitsky for example.

Plenums

The CC was not a permanent institution. The CC was convened for fourteen plenary sessions between the 17th Congress and the 18th Congress. When the CC was not in session, decision-making powers were transferred to inner bodies of the CC itself; the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo (none of these bodies were permanent either, but convened to decide on crucial matters).

Plenum! scope="col"

Date	Length
1st Plenary Session	data-sort-value="1"	10 February 1934	1 day
2nd Plenary Session	data-sort-value="2"	29 June – 1 July 1934	3 days
3rd Plenary Session	data-sort-value="3"	25–28 November 1934	4 days
4th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="4"	1 February 1935	1 day
5th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="5"	28 February 1935	1 day
6th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="6"	5–7 June 1935	3 days
7th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="7"	21–25 December 1935	5 days
8th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="8"	1–4 June 1936	4 days
9th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="9"	4, 7 July 1936	2 days
10th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="10"	23 February – 5 March 1937	12 days
11th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="11"	26–29 June 1937	4 days
12th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="12"	11–12 October 1937	2 days
13th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="13"	11, 14, 18, 20 January 1938	4 days
14th Plenary Session	data-sort-value="14"	9–11 January 1938	3 days

Apparatus

Individuals employed by Central Committee's bureaus, departments and newspapers made up the apparatus between the 17th Congress and the 18th Congress. The bureaus and departments were supervised by the Secretariat, and each secretary (member of the Secretariat) supervised a specific department. The leaders of departments were officially referred to as Heads, while the titles of bureau leaders varied between chairman, first secretary and secretary.

Institution! scope="col"

Leader	Cyrillic	Took office	Left office	Length of tenure	Nationality	Gender
Administrator of Affairs		Тимофей Самсонов	10 February 1934	1935		Russian	Male
		Иван Лычев	1935	May 1938		Russian	Male
		Дмитрий Крупин	May 1938	22 March 1939		Russian	Male
Agriculture Department		Андрей Жданов	data-sort-value="2"	3 March 1934	data-sort-value="15"	10 April 1934		Russian	Male
		Я́ков Я́ковлев	10 April 1934	1936		Ukrainian	Male
Bolshevik		Алексе́й Сте́цкий	10 February 1934	26 April 1938		Ukrainian	Male
Cultural and Educational Work Department		Алекса́ндр Щербако́в	13 May 1935	1936		Russian	Male
		Алексей Ангаров	1936	July 1937		Russian	Male
Industrial Department		Николай Ежов	3 March 1934	3 March 1935		Russian	Male
		Андрей Андреев	3 March 1935	13 May 1937			Russian	Male
		Михаил Целищев	13 May 1937	September 1937			Russian	Male
Leninist Culture and Propaganda Department		Алексей Стецкий	10 February 1934	13 May 1935		Russian	Male
Planning, Finance and Trade Department		Андрей Жданов	10 April 1934	1934		Russian	Male
		Карл Бауман	1934	20 January 1938		Latvian	Male
Political-Administrative Department		Яков Брезановский	10 March 1934	February 1935		Polish	Male
		Осип Пятницкий	19 August 1935	7 July 1937		Russian	Male
Pravda		Лев Мехлис	10 February 1934	4 September 1937		Ukrainian	Male
Press and Publications Department		Борис Таль	13 May 1935	4 September 1937			Azerbaijani	Male
		Лев Мехлис	4 September 1937	2 January 1938		Ukrainian	Male
		Александр Никитин	2 January 1938	21 November 1938		Russian	Male
Propaganda Department		Алексей Стецкий	13 May 1935	26 April 1938		Russian	Male
		Андрей Жданов	21 November 1938	22 March 1939		Russian	Male
Science and Scientific-technological Discoveries Department		Карл Бауман	13 May 1935	14 April 1937		Latvian	Male
School Department		Борис Волин	13 May 1935	1936		Russian	Male
Special Sector		Александр Поскрёбышев	10 February 1934	22 March 1939		Russian	Male
Transportation Department		Лазарь Каганович	10 March 1934	9 July 1935		Russian	Male
		Николай Зимин	9 July 1935	10 September 1938		Russian	Male

Composition

Members

Name! scope="col" class="unsortable"

Cyrillic	16th CC	18th CC				Nationality	Gender	Portrait
	Пётр Алексеев	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1877	1936	1914	Russian	Male
	Андрей Андреев	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1895	1971	1914	Russian	Male
	Николай Антипов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1938	1912	Russian	Male
	Алексей Бадаев	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1883	1951	1904	Russian	Male
	Мир Багиров	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = LightGreen		1896	1956	1917	Azerbaijani	Male
	Всеволод Балицкий	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1892	1937	1915	Ukrainian	Male
	Карл Бауман	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1892	1937	1907	Latvian	Male
	Лавре́нтий Бе́рия	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightGreen		1899	1953	1917	Georgian	Male
	Василий Блюхер	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1899	1938	1916	Russian	Male
	Андрей Бубнов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1884	1938	1903	Russian	Male
	Николай Булганин	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = LightGreen		1895	1975	1917	Russian	Male
	Антон Булин	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1938	1914	Russian	Male
	Михаил Чернов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1891	1938	1920	Ukrainian	Male
	Влас Чубар	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1891	1939	1907	Ukrainian	Male
	Михаил Чудов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1937	1913	Russian	Male
	Михаил Чувырин	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = PeachPuff		1883	1947	1903	Russian	Male
	Роберт Эйхе	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1890	1940	1905	Latvian	Male
	А́вель Енуки́дзе	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1877	1937	1898	Georgian	Male
	Ян Гамарник	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Khaki		1894	1937	1916	Ukrainian	Male
	Владимир Иванов	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1938	1915	Russian	Male
	Акмаль Икрамов	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1898	1938	1918	Uzbek	Male
	Ураз Исаев	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1899	1938	1920	Kazakh	Male
	Иван Кабаков	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1891	1937	1914	Russian	Male
	Лазарь Каганович	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1893	1991	1911	Russian	Male
	Михаил Каганович	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightGreen		1888	1941	1905	Russian	Male
	Михаил Калинин	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1875	1946	1898	Russian	Male
	Лаврентий Картвелишвили	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1890	1938	1910	Georgian	Male
	Мендель Хатаевич	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1937	1913	Russian	Male
	Никита Хрущёв	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightGreen		1894	1971	1918	Russian	Male
	Серге́й Ки́ров	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = ffffbb		1886	1934	1904	Russian	Male
	Вильгельм Кнорин	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1890	1938	1910	Latvian	Male
	Иван Кодацкий	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1937	1914	Ukrainian	Male
	Александр Косарев	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1903	1939	1919	Russian	Male
	Иосиф Косиор	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightYellow		1889	1937	1908	Polish	Male
	Станислав Косиор	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1889	1939	1907	Polish	Male
	Наде́жда Кру́пская	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightYellow		1869	1939	1898	Russian	Female
	Александр Криницкий	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1937	1915	Russian	Male
	Глеб Кржижано́вский	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = PeachPuff		1872	1959	1898	Russian	Male
	Михаил Кульков	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = Thistle		1891	1939	1915	Russian	Male
	Валериан Куйбышев	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightYellow		1888	1935	1904	Russian	Male
	Дмитрий Лебедь	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1937	1904	Russian	Male
	Макси́м Литви́нов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightGreen		1876	1951	1898	Lithuanian	Male
	Семён Лобов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1888	1937	1913	Russian	Male
	Соломон Лозовский	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = LightGreen		1892	1952	1901	Russian	Male
	Исидор Любимов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1882	1937	1902	Russian	Male
	Иван Макаров	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = #B2FFFF		1888	1949	1905	Russian	Male
	Дмитро Мануїльський	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1883	1959	1903	Ukrainian	Male
	Лев Ме́хлис	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = LightGreen		1889	1953	1918	Ukrainian	Male
	Валерий Межлаук	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1938	1917	Latvian	Male
	Михаил Михайлов	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = Thistle		1902	1938	1919	Russian	Male
	Анаста́с Микоя́н	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1895	1978	1915	Armenian	Male
	Левон Мирзоян	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1887	1939	1917	Armenian	Male
	Вячеслав Молотов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1890	1986	1906	Russian	Male
	Клавдия Николаева	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightGreen		1893	1944	1909	Russian	Female
	Иван Носов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1888	1937	1905	Russian	Male
	Григо́рий Орджоники́дзе	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Khaki		1886	1937	1903	Georgian	Male
	Николай Пахомов	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1890	1938	1912	Russian	Male
	Григо́рій Петро́вський	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = PeachPuff		1878	1958	1898	Ukrainian	Male
	Осип Пятницкий	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1882	1938	1898	Russian	Male
	Григо́рій Петро́вський	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1887	1939	1904	Russian	Male
	Эдуард Прамнэк	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = Thistle		1899	1938	1917	Lithuanian	Male
	Георгий Пятаков	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1890	1937	1910	Russian	Male
	Михаил Разумов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1937	1913	Ukrainian	Male
	Ян Рудзутак	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1887	1938	1905	Latvian	Male
	Моисей Рухимович	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1889	1938	1913	Russian	Male
	Иван Румянцев	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1886	1937	1905	Russian	Male
	Кузьма Рындин	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1938	1915	Russian	Male
	Борис Шеболдаев	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1895	1937	1914	Russian	Male
	Николай Шверник	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1888	1970	1905	Russian	Male
	Пётр Смородин	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = Thistle		1897	1938	1917	Russian	Male
	Ио́сиф Ста́лин	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1878	1953	1898	Georgian	Male
	Алексей Стецкий	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1896	1938	1915	Russian	Male
	Даниил Сулимов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1890	1937	1905	Russian	Male
	Александр Угаров	bgcolor = MistyRose		bgcolor = Thistle		1900	1939	1917	Russian	Male
	Константин Уханов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1891	1937	1907	Russian	Male
	Иосиф Варейкис	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1938	1913	Lithuanian	Male
	Климент Ворошилов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1881	1969	1903	Russian	Male
	Я́ков Я́ковлев	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1896	1938	1913	Ukrainian	Male
	Генрих Ягода	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1891	1938	1907	Russian	Male
	Иона Якир	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1896	1937	1917	Moldovan	Male
	Ефи́м Евдоки́мов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1891	1940	1918	Russian	Male
	Николай Ежов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = PeachPuff		1895	1940	1917	Russian	Male
	Исаак Зеленский	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1890	1937	1906	Russian	Male
	Андрей Жданов	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = LightGreen		1896	1948	1915	Russian	Male
	Иван Жуков	bgcolor = Salmon		bgcolor = Thistle		1889	1937	1909	Russian	Male

Candidates

Name! scope="col" class="unsortable"

Cyrillic	16th CC	18th CC				Nationality	Gender	Portrait
	Мир Багиров	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1896	1956	1917	Azerbaijani	Male
	Георгий Благонравов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1896	1938	1917	Russian	Male
	Георгий Благонравов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1890	1938	1916	Russian	Male
	Григорий Бройдо	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = PeachPuff		1883	1956	1918	Russian	Male
	Семён Будённый	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightGreen		1883	1973	1919	Russian	Male
	Никола́й Буха́рин	bgcolor = PeachPuff		bgcolor = Thistle		1888	1938	1906	Russian	Male
	Николай Булганин	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1895	1975	1917	Russian	Male
	Антон Булин	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1894	1938	1914	Russian	Male
	Яков Быкин	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1888	1938	1912	Russian	Male
	Николай Демченко	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1896	1937	1916	Ukrainian	Male
	Терентий Дерибас	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1896	1937	1903	Russian	Male
	Шалва Элиава	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1883	1937	1904	Georgian	Male
	Николай Филатов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1891	1939	1912	Russian	Male
	Николай Гикало	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1897	1938	1917	Ukrainian	Male
	Николай Голодед	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1937	19181	Belarusian	Male
	Фёдор Грядинский	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1938	1912	Russian	Male
	Григорий Гринько	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1890	1938	1919	Ukrainian	Male
	Ураз Исаев	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = MistyRose		1899	1938	1920	Kazakh	Male
	Анна Калыгина	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1895	1937	1915	Russian	Female
	Моисей Калманович	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1888	1937	1917	Russian	Male
	Григорий Каминский	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1895	1938	1913	Ukrainian	Male
	Николай Комаров	bgcolor = PeachPuff		bgcolor = Thistle		1886	1937	1909	Russian	Male
	Николай Кубяк	bgcolor = PeachPuff		bgcolor = Thistle		1881	1937	1898	Russian	Male
	Михаил Кульков	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1891	1939	1915	Russian	Male
	Василий Курицын	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1892	1937	1917	Russian	Male
	Альфред Лепа	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1892	1937	1914	Latvian	Male
	Соломон Лозовский	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = MistyRose		1892	1952	1901	Russian	Male
	Соломон Лозовский	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Khaki		1897	1937	1913	Ukrainian	Male
	Иван Макаров	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1888	1949	1905	Russian	Male
	Лев Мехлис	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1889	1953	1918	Ukrainian	Male
	Михаил Михайлов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1902	1938	1919	Russian	Male
	Василий Михайлов	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1937	1915	Russian	Male
	Газанфар Мусабеков	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1888	1938	1918	Azerbaijani	Male
	Валериан Оболенский	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1887	1938	1907	Russian	Male
	Николай Пахомов	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = MistyRose		1890	1938	1912	Russian	Male
	Иван Павлуновский	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1888	1937	1905	Russian	Male
	Владимир Полонский	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1893	1937	1912	Russian	Male
	Николай Попов	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1891	1938	1906	Russian	Male
	Александр Поскрёбышев	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightGreen		1891	1965	1917	Russian	Male
	Борис Позерн	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1882	1939	1902	Russian	Male
	Эдуард Прамнэк	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1899	1938	1917	Latvian	Male
	Владимир Птуха	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1938	1917	Ukrainian	Male
	Аркадий Розенгольц	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1889	1938	1905	Belarusian	Male
	Алексей Рыков	bgcolor = PeachPuff		bgcolor = Thistle		1881	1938	1898	Russian	Male
	Саркис Саркисов	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1898	1938	1917	Armenian	Male
	Исаак Шварц	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = PeachPuff		1879	1951	1899	Ukrainian	Male
	Алексей Седельников	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1894	1938	1914	Russian	Male
	Борис Семёнов	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1890	1937	1907	Russian	Male
	Александр Серебровский	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1884	1938	1903	Russian	Male
	Александр Штейнгарт	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightYellow		1887	1934	1913	Ukrainian	Male
	Владимир Шубриков	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1895	1937	1917	Russian	Male
	Пётр Смородин	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = MistyRose		1897	1939	1917	Russian	Male
	Григорий Сокольников	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1888	1939	1905	Ukrainian	Male
	Константин Стриевский	bgcolor = PeachPuff		bgcolor = Thistle		1885	1938	1902	Belarusian	Male
	Пётр Струппе	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1889	1937	1907	Russian	Male
	Михаил Томский	bgcolor = PeachPuff		bgcolor = Khaki		1880	1936	1904	Russian	Male
	Иван Товстуха	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LightYellow		1889	1935	1913	Ukrainian	Male
	Михаи́л Тухаче́вский	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1893	1937	1918	Russian	Male
	Иероним Уборевич	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1896	1937	1917	Lithuanian	Male
	Александр Угаров	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = MistyRose		1900	1939	1917	Russian	Male
	Ио́сиф У́ншлихт	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = Thistle		1879	1938	1900	Polish	Male
	Евгений Вегер	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1899	1937	1917	Russian	Male
	Александр Егоров	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = LavenderBlush		1883	1939	1918	Russian	Male
	Гавриил Вейнберг	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = #B2FFFF		1891	1946	1906	Polish	Male
	Иван Ерёмин	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1895	1937	1917	Russian	Male
	Тихон Юркин	bgcolor = #B2FFFF		bgcolor = PeachPuff		1898	1986	1915	Russian	Male
	Авраамий Завенягин	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = PeachPuff		1901	1956	1917	Russian	Male
	Володи́мир Зато́нський	bgcolor = LightGreen		bgcolor = Thistle		1888	1938	1917	Ukrainian	Male

References

Bibliography

• Book: . . CITEREFFainsodHough1979 . How the Soviet Union is Governed . . 1979 . 9780674410305 .
• Book: Getty, J. Arch . Naumov, Oleg V. . Sher, Benjamin . The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939 . Annals of Communism Series . . 2010 . CITEREFGettyNaumov2010 . 0300104073 .
• Book: . Master of the House: Stalin and His Inner Circle . The Yale-Hoover Series on Stalin, Stalinism, and the Cold War . . 2009 . CITEREFKhlevniuk2009 . 0300110669 .
• Book: Simons, Williams . White, Stephens . . The Party Statutes of the Communist World . Law in Eastern Europe . . 1984 . CITEREFSimonsWhite1984 . Chapter 3: Statute of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . 413–435 . 9024729750 .
• Book: . Stalin's Terror of 1937–1938: Political Genocide in the USSR . . 2009 . CITEREFRogovin2009 . 1893638049 .