| Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor | |
| Alt Name: | Corredor Central da Mata Atlântica |
| Map: | Brazil |
| Relief: | yes |
| Coordinates: | -16.7688°N -39.2054°W |
| Designation: | Ecological corridor |
| Created: | March 2002 |
| Administrator: | Federal Ministry of the Environment |
The Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor (Portuguese: Corredor Central da Mata Atlântica is an ecological corridor in the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. It promotes improvements to connectivity between fragments of Atlantic Forest in the region with the goal of maintaining genetic health among flora and fauna. The greater Atlantic Forest is also home to many native endangered or vulnerable species that are endemic to this part of the globe including but not limited too the: Golden lion tamarin, Three-toed sloth, and the Bristle-spined rat. The Central Ecological Corridor is beneficial in connecting hundreds of at-risk populations experiencing reduced gene flow and genetic variation due to deforestation.
The corridor was created as part of the Ecological Corridors Project, for which the final evaluation was completed by the Ministry of the Environment in December 2000.A grant agreement between the World Bank and the Ministry of the Environment was signed in December 2001.The project was effective as of March 2002.Priority was given to the implementation of the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor and the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor to test different conditions in the two biomes and use the lessons learned to prepare and support creation of other corridors.
In the central corridor the state committees of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve act as project management committees, with representatives from traditional populations, environmental NGOs, producers and businesses and the three levels of government.The strategy is to ensure protection of significant forest remnants and gradually increase the amount of connection between core portions of the landscape through control, protection and recovery of forest cover and development of sustainable production activities that contribute to the connections.
As of 2006 the corridor had over, covering the whole of Espírito Santo and the south of Bahia.As of 2006 the corridor included 83 protected areas.Of these, state-level units accounted for 53% of the area, 16 federal units covered and private reserves covered .
As of 2015 the Central Atlantic Forest Corridor encompassed an area of about, and extended about from north to south. This included areas of sea up to the edge of the continental shelf.About 95% of the corridor was privately owned land, in 163 municipalities.There were 128 conservation units covering about .In Bahia there were 10 federal, 15 state, 7 municipal and 28 private natural heritage reserves.In Espírito Santo there were 21 federal, 17 state, 17 municipal and 41 private reserves.
There are two centers of endemism.The region has various types of rainforest including semi-deciduous forest, restingas and mangroves along river estuaries.The forest has great diversity of woody plant species. Up to 458 tree species have been found in of forest in southern Bahia.
The lists of protected areas below exclude the many private reserves included in the corridor.
Fully protected units in the corridor include:
| Name | Type | Area (ha) | State | Level | Created | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 87,942.03 | Bahia | Federal | 1983 | |||
| 19,238.02 | Bahia | Federal | 2010 | |||
| Aricanga Waldemar Devens | 515.68 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1997 | ||
| 3,562.28 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 1982 | |||
| Bicanga | 88.69 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2007 | ||
| Boa Esperança | 437.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 2001 | ||
| 12,065.31 | Bahia | Federal | 2010 | |||
| 15,023.86 | Bahia | Federal | 2010 | |||
| 162.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1984 | |||
| 31,762.93 | Espírito Santo / Minas Gerais | Federal | 1961 | |||
| 784.63 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 1984 | |||
| Coroa Alta | Bahia | Municipal | 1998 | |||
| 1,503.75 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 1989 | |||
| 2,357.73 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 1982 | |||
| David Victor Farina | 44.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1995 | ||
| 22,693.97 | Bahia | Federal | 1999 | |||
| Dom Luiz Gonzaga Fernandes | 63.88 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1998 | ||
| Domingos Martins | 56.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2010 | ||
| 2,910.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1965 | |||
| 42.14 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2008 | |||
| 730.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1998 | |||
| 861.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 2007 | |||
| Goiapaba-Açu | 235.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1991 | ||
| Gruta da Onça | 6.89 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1988 | ||
| Ilha do Lameirão | 891.83 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1986 | ||
| Ilha do Medo | 1.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1991 | ||
| Ilhéus | 773.40 | Bahia | Municipal | 2006 | ||
| 450.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1988 | |||
| 3,481.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1991 | |||
| Jacarenema | 346.27 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2003 | ||
| Manguezal de Itanguá | 31.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2007 | ||
| Marinho do Recife de Fora | 1,750.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1997 | ||
| 800.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1992 | |||
| Monte Moxuara | 436.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2007 | ||
| 22,331.91 | Bahia | Federal | 1961 | |||
| Morro da Gamela | 29.53 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2007 | ||
| Morro da Manteigueira | 168.30 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1993 | ||
| Morro da Pescaria | 127.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1997 | ||
| 18.79 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2007 | |||
| Papagaio | 457.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1992 | ||
| 19,027.22 | Bahia | Federal | 1999 | |||
| 1,500.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1990 | |||
| 1,240.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1991 | |||
| Pedra dos Olhos | 27.96 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2003 | ||
| 17,443.43 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 2003 | |||
| Puris | 36.63 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2013 | ||
| Recife de Areia | Bahia | Municipal | 1999 | |||
| 898.67 | Bahia | Federal | 2007 | |||
| Rota das Garças | 20.10 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2002 | ||
| 17,709.39 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 2010 | |||
| São Lourenço | 265.91 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2004 | ||
| 11,343.69 | Bahia | Federal | 2010 | |||
| 10,458.90 | Espírito Santo | State | 2010 | |||
| 27,858.68 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 1982 | |||
| Tabuazeiro | 5.10 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1995 | ||
| 18,715.06 | Bahia | Federal | 1980 | |||
| 23,262.09 | Bahia | Federal | 2007 | |||
| Vale do Mulembá | 142.10 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2002 | ||
| Von Schilgen | 7.15 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2004 | ||
| Wenceslau Guimarães | 2,418.00 | Bahia | State | 1997 |
Sustainable use units in the corridor include:
| Name | Type | Area (ha) | State | Level | Created | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10,082.45 | Bahia | Federal | 2000 | |||
| 100,726.36 | Bahia | Federal | 2006 | |||
| 100,767.56 | Bahia | Federal | 2009 | |||
| Corredor Ecológico Lagoa Encantada-Serra do Conduru | 10,000.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 2009 | ||
| 953.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 2003 | |||
| 89,596.75 | Bahia | Federal | 2000 | |||
| Degredo | 2,460.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2002 | ||
| 1,425.64 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 2002 | |||
| Laerth Paiva Gama | 27.57 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2005 | ||
| Manguezal de Cariacica | 741.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2007 | ||
| Morro da Vargem | 573.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 2005 | ||
| Papagaio | 1,729.70 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2011 | ||
| 449.44 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 2002 | |||
| Piraque-Açú e Piraque-Mirim | 2,080.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1986 | ||
| 2,817.40 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 1990 |
Environmental protection areas in the corridor include:
| Name | Area (ha) | State | Level | Created | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 118,000.00 | Bahia | State | 2002 | ||
| Cachoeira da Pancada Grande | 50.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1993 | |
| 230,296.00 | Bahia | State | 2003 | ||
| Candengo | 7,000.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1990 | |
| Caraíva / Trancoso | 31,900.00 | Bahia | State | 1993 | |
| Conceição da Barra | 7,728.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1998 | |
| Coroa Vermelha | 4,100.00 | Bahia | State | 1992 | |
| Costa de Itacaré / Serra Grande | 62,960.00 | Bahia | State | 1993 | |
| 114,803.00 | Espírito Santo | Federal | 2010 | ||
| Costa Dourada | 3,435.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1999 | |
| Goiapaba – Açu | 3,740.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1994 | |
| Guaibim | 2,000.00 | Bahia | State | 1992 | |
| Guanandy | 5,242.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1994 | |
| Ilha do Frade | 35.42 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1988 | |
| Ilhas do Tinharé / Boipeba | 43,300.00 | Bahia | State | 1992 | |
| Itapebi | Bahia | Municipal | 1999 | ||
| Lago de Pedra do Cavalo | 30,156.00 | Bahia | State | 1997 | |
| Lagoa do Jacuném | 1,152.88 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1998 | |
| 157,745.00 | Bahia | State | 1993 | ||
| Lagoa Grande | 2,725.20 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2006 | |
| Lapão | 4,300.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 2001 | |
| Maciço Central | 1,100.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1992 | |
| Manguezal Sul da Serra | 1,061.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2012 | |
| Mestre Álvaro | 3,470.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1991 | |
| Monte Moxuara | 2,618.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2007 | |
| Monte Urubu | 524.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2013 | |
| Morro do Vilante | 500.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 1999 | |
| Pedra do Elefante | 2,562.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 2001 | |
| Península de Maraú | 21,200.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1997 | |
| Ponta da Baleia / Abrolhos | 34,600.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1993 | |
| Praia Mole | 400.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1994 | |
| Pratigi | 85,686.00 | Bahia | State | 1998 | |
| Santo Antônio | 23,000.00 | Bahia | State | 1994 | |
| Serra das Candeias | 3,051.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1995 | |
| Setiba | 12,960.00 | Espírito Santo | State | 1998 | |
| Tartarugas Castelhanos | 1,092.00 | Espírito Santo | Municipal | 2011 | |
| Vale das Cascatas | 5,880.00 | Bahia | Municipal | 1995 |