Center for Inquiry explained

Center for Inquiry
Founder:Paul Kurtz
Type:Nonprofit, science education
Location:Amherst, New York, U.S.
Key People:Robyn Blumner
Barry Karr
Focus:Public understanding of science, secular ethics, skepticism
Method:Research, education, outreach, and advocacy

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is a U.S. nonprofit organization that works to mitigate belief in pseudoscience and the paranormal and to fight the influence of religion in government.[1] [2]

History

The Center for Inquiry was established in 1991 by atheist philosopher and author Paul Kurtz.[3] It brought together two organizations: the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (founded by Kurtz in 1976) and the Council for Secular Humanism (founded by Kurtz in 1980).[4] [5] The Center for Inquiry Inc was registered as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization in April 2001.[6]

Kurtz, a humanist who founded CFI to offer a positive alternative to religion, led the organization for thirty years. In 2009, Kurtz said he was forced out of CFI after conflict with Ronald A. Lindsay, a corporate lawyer hired to become CEO in 2008.[7]

Robyn Blumner succeeded Lindsay as CEO in January 2016 when CFI announced that it was merging with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.[8] [9] [10] [11]

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Through the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), and its journal, Skeptical Inquirer magazine, published by the Center for Inquiry, CSI examines evidential claims of the paranormal or supernormal, including psychics, ghosts, telepathy, clairvoyance, UFOs, and creationism. It also hosts the CSICon.

They also examine pseudoscientific claims involving vaccines, cellphones, power lines, GMOs, and alternative medicine. In the area of religion, they examine beliefs that involve testable claims, such as faith healing and creationism, but stay away from untestable religious beliefs such as the existence of God.[12]

The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), then known as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), was, alongside magician and prominent skeptic James Randi, sued by TV celebrity Uri Geller in the 1990s after Randi told a newspaper interviewer that Geller's tricks "are the kind that used to be on the back of cereal boxes when I was a kid."[13] The case ran for several years, and was ultimately settled in 1995 with Geller ordered to pay the legal costs of Randi and CSICOP.[14] [15]

The Center for Inquiry Investigations Group

The Investigations Group (Formerly the Independent Investigations Group), a volunteer group based at CFI Los Angeles, undertakes experimental testing of fringe claims.[16] It offers a cash prize of US$500,000 for successful demonstration of supernatural effects.[17] This prize had been previously raised to US$250,000 when the IIG re-branded as the Center for Inquiry Investigations Group (CFIIG) in 2020 before it was raised again to the current amount.[18]

The IIG Awards (known as "Iggies") are presented for "scientific and critical thinking in mainstream entertainment". IIG has investigated, amongst other things, power bracelets, psychic detectives and a 'telepathic wonder dog'.

Religion, ethics, and society

The center promotes critical inquiry into the foundations and social effects of the world religions. Since 1983, initially through its connection with Committee for the Scientific Examination of Religion, it has focused on such issues as fundamentalism in Christianity and Islam, humanistic alternatives to religious ethics, and religious sources of political violence. It has taken part in protests against religious persecution around the world[19] and opposes religious privilege, for example benefits for clergy in the US Tax Code.[20] In 2014 and 2017, respectively, the CFI won two lawsuits compelling the states of Illinois and Indiana to allow weddings to be performed by officiants who are neither religious clergy nor government officials. A similar lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of marriage law in Texas was dismissed in August 2019.[21]

CFI actively supports secular interests, such as secular state education.[22] [23] It organizes conferences, such as Women In Secularism[24] [25] and a conference focused on freethought advocate Robert Ingersoll.[26] CFI has provided meeting and conference facilities to other skeptical organizations, for example an atheist of color conference on social justice.[27] [28]

CFI also undertakes atheist education and support activities,[29] for example sending freethought books to prisoners as part of its Freethought Books Project.[30] [31]

CFI is active in advocating free speech,[32] and in promoting secular government.[33] It speaks against institutional religion in the armed forces.[34]

Free Inquiry is published by the Center for Inquiry, in association with the Council for Secular Humanism (CSH).

Publications

The results of research and activities supported by the center and its affiliates are published and distributed to the public in seventeen separate national and international magazines, journals, and newsletters. Among them are CSH's Free Inquiry and Secular Humanist Bulletin,[35] and CSI's Skeptical Inquirer, CFI's American Rationalist.[36] The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice[37] and Philo, a journal covering philosophical issues, are no longer being published.

In June 2020, CFI announced the "newly launched CFI online publication", Pensar, "the Spanish language magazine for science, reason, and freethought." It is published by Alejandro Borgo, director of CFI Argentina.[38] [39]

CFI has produced the weekly radio show and podcast, Point of Inquiry, since 2005. Episodes are available free for download from iTunes. Its current hosts,, are Leighann Lord and James Underdown. Notable guests have included Steven Pinker, Neil deGrasse Tyson and Richard Dawkins.

Projects and programs

Secular Rescue

The Center for Inquiry has an emergency fund called Secular Rescue, formerly known as the Freethought Emergency Fund. Between 2015 and 2018, Secular Rescue helped thirty individuals fleeing anti-secular regimes gain asylum.[40]

Office of Public Policy

The Office of Public Policy (OPP) is the Washington, D.C., political arm of the Center for Inquiry. The OPP's mandate is to lobby Congress and the Administration on issues related to science and secularism. This includes defending the separation of church and state, promoting science and reason as the basis of public policy, and advancing secular values.[41]

The OPP publishes position statements on its subjects of interest. Examples have included acupuncture, climate change, contraception and intelligent design.[42] The Office is an active participant in legal matters, providing experts for Congress testimony and amicus briefs in Supreme Court cases.[43] It publishes a list of bills it considers of interest as they pass through the U.S. legislative process.[44]

"Science and the Public" Master of Education program

In partnership with the Graduate School of Education at the State University of New York at Buffalo, CFI offers an accredited Master of Education program in Science and the Public, available entirely online.[45] Aimed at students preparing for careers in research, science education, public policy, science journalism, or further study in sociology, history, and philosophy of science, science communication, education, or public administration, the program explores the methods and outlook of science as they intersect with public culture, scientific literacy, and public policy.

Quackwatch

In February 2020, Quackwatch, founded by Stephen Barrett, became part of CFI, which announced it plans to maintain its various websites and to receive Barrett's library later in the year.[46]

ScienceSaves

ScienceSaves is a nationwide pro-science campaign to generate an appreciation for the role of science. National Science Appreciation Day started in 2022 and is part of the ScienceSaves initiative and happens annually on March 26.[47] In 2022, CFI got proclamations declaring March 26 as National Science Appreciation Day from more than a dozen states.[48]

Teacher Institute for Evolutionary Science

Main article: Teacher Institute for Evolutionary ScienceThis programs provides teachers with tools to teach evolution.

Richard Dawkins Award

See main article: Richard Dawkins Award. The Richard Dawkins Award is an annual award that was presented by the Atheist Alliance of America[49] up until July 2019, when it moved to the Center for Inquiry (CFI). According to the CFI press release, "The recipient will be a distinguished individual from the worlds of science, scholarship, education or entertainment, who publicly proclaims the values of secularism and rationalism, upholding scientific truth wherever it may lead".[50] The award has been presented since 2003, and is named after Richard Dawkins, an English evolutionary biologist who was named the world's top thinker in a 2013 reader's poll of Prospect magazine.[51]

Past projects and programs

The following projects and programs are no longer active.

Camp Inquiry

The Center for Inquiry organized an annual summer camp for children called Camp Inquiry,[52] focusing on scientific literacy, critical thinking, naturalism, the arts, humanities, and humanist ethical development.[53] Camp Inquiry has been described as "a summer camp for kids with questions"[54] where spooky stories were followed by "reverse engineering sessions" as the participants were encouraged to determine the cause of an apparently supernatural experience. Camp Inquiry has been criticised as "Jesus Camp in reverse"; its organisers countered that the camp is not exclusive to atheist children and that campers are encouraged to draw their own conclusions based on empirical and critical thinking.

CFI Institute

The Center for Inquiry Institute[55] offered undergraduate level online courses, seminars, and workshops in critical thinking and the scientific outlook and its implications for religion, human values, and the borderlands of science. In addition to transferable undergraduate credit through the University at Buffalo system, CFI offered a thirty-credit-hour Certificate of Proficiency in Critical Inquiry. The three-year curriculum plan offered summer sessions at the main campus at the University at Buffalo in Amherst.

Medicine and health

The Commission for Scientific Medicine and Mental Health (CSMMH)[56] stimulated critical scientific scrutiny of New Age medicine and the schools of psychotherapy. It supported naturalistic addiction recovery practices through Secular Organizations for Sobriety. CFI challenges the claims of alternative medicine[57] and advocates a scientific basis for healthcare.[58] CSMMH papers have covered topics such as pseudoscience in autism treatments[59] and in psychiatry.[60]

Naturalism Research Project

CFI also ran the Naturalism Research Project, a major effort to develop the theoretical and practical applications of philosophical naturalism. As part of this project, CFI's libraries, research facilities, and conference areas were available to scientists and scholars to advance the understanding of science's methodologies and conclusions about naturalism.[61]

Activities of the Naturalism Research Project included lectures and seminars by visiting fellows and scholars; academic conferences; and support CFI publications of important research. Among the central issues of naturalism include the exploration of varieties of naturalism; problems in philosophy of science; the methodologies of scientific inquiry; naturalism and humanism; naturalistic ethics; planetary ethics; and naturalism and the biosciences.[62]

Organization and locations

CFI is a nonprofit body registered as a charity in the United States.[63] It has 17 locations in the U.S., and has 16 international branches or affiliated organizations.[64] The organization has Centers For Inquiry in Amherst, New York (its headquarters), Los Angeles, New York City, Tampa Bay, Washington, D.C., Indiana, Austin, Chicago, San Francisco and Michigan.[65]

International activities

CFI has branches, representation or affiliated organizations in countries around the world.[65] It organizes its international activities under the banner Center For Inquiry Transnational. In addition, CFI holds consultative status to the United Nations as an NGO under the UN Economic and Social Council.[66] The center participates in UN Human Rights Council debates, for example a debate on the subject of female genital mutilation during 2014.[67]

University exchange programs

International programs exist in Germany (Rossdorf), France (Nice), Spain (Bilbao), Poland (Warsaw), Nigeria (Ibadan), Uganda (Kampala), Kenya (Nairobi), Nepal (Kathmandu), India (Pune and Hyderabad), Egypt (Cairo), China (Beijing), New Zealand (Auckland), Peru (Lima), Argentina (Buenos Aires), Senegal (Dakar), Zambia (Lusaka), and Bangladesh (Dhaka).[68]

Centre for Inquiry Canada

See main article: Centre for Inquiry Canada. CFI Canada (CFIC) is the Canadian branch of CFI Transnational, headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Justin Trottier served as National Executive Director from 2007 to 2011. Originally established and supported in part by CFI Transnational, CFI Canada has become an independent Canadian national organization with several provincial branches. CFI Canada has branches in Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Saskatoon, Calgary, Okanagan (Kelowna), and Vancouver.

Board

Reza Abbaszadeh : Aspen, CO
  • Entrepreneur
    Vinod Bhardwaj : Maui, HI
  • Inventor, entrepreneur
    David Cowan : Atherton, CA
  • Investor, venture capitalist
    Richard Dawkins : Oxford, UK
  • Author, evolutionary biologist, lecturer
    Brian Engler : Burke, VA
  • Operations Research Analyst, Nonprofit Executive
    Barry Kosmin : Hartford, CT
  • Educator
    Bill Maxwell : St. Petersburg, FL
  • Columnist, University Professor, Screenwriter
    Julia Sweeney : Los Angeles, CA
  • Comedian, Actress
    Eddie Tabash (Chair, Board of Directors) : Beverly Hills, CA
  • Attorney
    Dr. J. Anderson Thomson : Charlottesville, VA
  • Author, psychiatrist
    Leonard Tramiel : Palo Alto, CA
  • Scientist, Educator

    Affiliate organizations

    List of affiliates

    Organizations affiliated with the Center for Inquiry include:

    Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society

    The Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society (ISIS) is an organization of writers that promotes the ideas of secularism, democracy and human rights within Islamic society.[71] [72] [73] Founded in 1998 by former Muslims, the best known being Ibn Warraq,[74] the group aims to combat theologically driven fanaticism, violence and terrorism. The organization subscribes to the rule of secular law, freedom of speech and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It does not promote any belief system or religious dogma.

    In the media

    CFI participates in media debates on science, health,[75] religion and its other areas of interest. Its "Keep Healthcare Safe and Secular" campaign promotes scientifically sound healthcare.[76] [77] It has been an outspoken critic of dubious and unscientific healthcare practices, and engages in public debate on the merit and legality of controversial medical techniques. In 2014, CEO Ron Lindsay publicly criticized Stanislaw Burzynski's controversial Texas cancer clinic.[78]

    CFI campaigns for a secular society, for example in opposing the addition of prayer text on public property.[79] The center supports secular and free speech initiatives.[80]

    On November 14, 2006, the CFI opened its Office of Public Policy in Washington, DC, and issued a declaration "In Defense of Science and Secularism", which calls for public policy to be based on science rather than faith.[81] The next day The Washington Post ran an article about it entitled "Think Tank Will Promote Thinking".

    In 2011, video expert James Underdown of IIG and CFI Los Angeles did an experiment for "Miracle Detective" Oprah Winfrey Network which replicated exactly the angelic apparition that people claim cured a 14-year-old severely disabled child at Presbyterian Hemby Children's Hospital in Charlotte, North Carolina. The "angel" was sunlight from a hidden window, and the girl remained handicapped.[82]

    Consumer fraud lawsuits against CVS and Walmart

    In July 2018, CFI filed suit against CVS in the District of Columbia for consumer fraud over its sale and marketing of ineffective homeopathic medicine. The lawsuit in part accused the CVS of deceiving consumers through its misrepresentation of homeopathy's safety and effectiveness, wasting customers’ money and putting their health at risk. Nicholas Little, CFI's Vice President and General Counsel said, "CVS is taking cynical advantage of their customers’ confusion and trust in the CVS brand, and putting their health at risk to make a profit and they can't claim ignorance. If the people in charge of the country's largest pharmacy don't know that homeopathy is bunk, they should be kept as far away from the American healthcare system as possible."[83] In May 2019, CFI announced that they have filed a similar suit against Walmart for their range of homeopathic products.[84] [85] In July 2019, CFI announced that the Stiefel Freethought Foundation was contributing an additional $150,000 to the previously committed $100,000 to support the two lawsuits.[86] In 2020 both cases were dismissed.[87] In September 2022 the District of Columbia’s Court of Appeals revived the lawsuits.[88]

    Lack of racial diversity on its board of directors

    In 2016, the atheist Sikivu Hutchinson criticized the merger of the secular organizations Center for Inquiry and the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science, which gave Richard Dawkins a seat on the board of directors of the Center for Inquiry. Her criticism was that both organizations had all white boards of directors.[89]

    Wyndgate Country Club and Richard Dawkins, 2011

    During Richard Dawkins' October 2011 book tour, Center for Inquiry – the tour's sponsor – signed a contract with Wyndgate Country Club in Rochester Hills, Michigan, as the venue site. After seeing an interview with Dawkins on The O'Reilly Factor, an official at the club cancelled Dawkins' appearance. Dawkins said that the country club official accepted Bill O'Reilly's "twisted" interpretation of his book The Magic of Reality without having read it personally.[90] [91] Sean Faircloth said that cancelling the reading "really violates the basic principles of America ... The Civil Rights Act ... prohibits discrimination based on race or religious viewpoint. ... [Dawkins has] published numerous books ... to explain science to the public, so it's rather an affront, to reason in general, to shun him as they did."[92] CFI Michigan executive director Jeff Seaver stated that "This action by The Wyndgate illustrates the kind of bias and bigotry that nonbelievers encounter all the time."[93] [94] Following the cancellation, protests and legal action by CFI against the Wyndgate Country Club were pursued.[95] [96] In 2013 this case was settled in favor of the Center For Inquiry.[97]

    CSH actions against faith-based initiatives

    In 2007, CSH sued the Florida Department of Corrections (DOC) to block the use of state funds in contracts to faith-based programs for released inmates, claiming that this use is prohibited under the "No Aid" provision or Blaine amendment of the Florida constitution. The initial decision found in favor of the DOC but, on appeal, the case was remanded in 2010 on just the issue of the unconstitutionality of appropriating state funds for this purpose.[98]

    While this case was in progress, after the appellate finding, Republican legislators began an effort to amend the Florida constitution to remove the language of the Blaine amendment, succeeding in 2011 to place the measure on the 2012 ballot as amendment 8.[99] [100] The ballot measure failed.[101]

    In 2015, CHS (now CFI) and the state (along with its co-defendants) both filed for summary judgement. The court granted the state's motion in January, 2016, allowing the contested contracting practice to continue.[102] After consideration, CFI announced in February, 2016, that it would not appeal.[103] [104]

    Heckled at the UN

    CFI representative Josephine Macintosh[105] was repeatedly interrupted and heckled by the delegation from Saudi Arabia whilst presenting the center's position on censorship at the UN Human Rights Council. CFI advocated free speech, and opposed the punishment by Saudi authorities of Raif Badawi for running an Internet forum, whom they accused of atheism and liberalism. CFI's statement was supported by the American, Canadian, Irish, and French delegates.[32]

    Blasphemy Day

    See main article: Blasphemy Day. Blasphemy Rights Day International encourages individuals and groups to openly express their criticism of or outright contempt for religion. It was founded in 2009 by the Center for Inquiry.[106] A student contacted the Center for Inquiry in Amherst, New York, to present the idea, which CFI then supported. Ronald Lindsay, president and CEO of the Center for Inquiry, said regarding Blasphemy Day, "We think religious beliefs should be subject to examination and criticism just as political beliefs are, but we have a taboo on religion", in an interview with CNN.[107] It takes place every September 30 to coincide with the anniversary of the publications of the controversial Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons.

    Blasphemy Day and CFI's related Blasphemy Contests[108] started (in CFI's own words) "a firestorm of controversy".[108] The use of confrontational free speech has been a topic of debate within the Humanist movement[109] [110] and cited as an example of a wider move towards New Atheism and away from the more conciliatory approach historically associated with Humanism.[111] [112]

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. News: Think Tank Will Promote Thinking . Kaufman . Marc . November 15, 2006 . . April 29, 2020 . October 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171029121345/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/14/AR2006111401176.html . live .
    2. Web site: Nicaise . Alexander . About Center for Inquiry . 2018-05-17.
    3. Web site: Paul Kurtz, 'giant' of humanism, dead at 86 . Evans . Robert . October 22, 2012 . . April 30, 2020 . September 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924171448/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/22/us-religion-kurtz-idUSBRE89L19D20121022 . live .
    4. News: Obituary: Paul Kurtz . October 23, 2012 . . April 30, 2020.
    5. Book: Cooke , Bill . 2009 . Dictionary Of Atheism Skepticism & Humanism . Prometheus Books . 310 . 978-1591022992.
    6. Web site: 2013-05-09 . Nonprofit Explorer: Center For Inquiry Inc . 2023-01-18 . ProPublica . en.
    7. News: Closer Look at Rift Between Humanists Reveals Deeper Divisions . Oppenheimer . Mark . October 1, 2010 . . May 1, 2020 . December 19, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191219182745/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/02/us/02beliefs.html . live .
    8. Web site: Merger Creates America's Largest Secular Humanist Organization . Matas . Caroline . February 11, 2016 . . May 1, 2020 . March 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200324000059/https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/news/merger-creates-americas-largest-secular-humanist-organization . live .
    9. Web site: Union of Atheist Nonprofits Forms Biggest U.S. Secular Group . January 22, 2016 . . May 1, 2020 . July 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727183113/https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Union-of-Atheist-Nonprofits/235018 . live .
    10. Merger creates nation's largest secular organization . dead . Buckley . Eileen . January 22, 2016 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727195734/https://news.wbfo.org/post/merger-creates-nations-largest-secular-organization . 2020-07-27.
    11. News: 'Royal wedding' of atheist group, Richard Dawkins Foundation launches woman to top post . Winston . Kimberly . January 21, 2016 . . April 29, 2020 . April 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200423093252/https://religionnews.com/2016/01/21/royal-wedding-atheist-group-richard-dawkins-foundation-launches-woman-top-post/ . live .
    12. Web site: On the scope of skeptical inquiry . Pigliucci . Massimo . Massimo Pigliucci . Oct 26, 2009 . . May 17, 2020.
    13. Web site: The Psychic... and the Skeptic: Uri Geller and James Randi have fought each other for nearly 20 years. Now they're at it again. . Ybarra . Michael J. . Michael J. Ybarra . September 13, 1991 . . May 17, 2020 . July 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727184316/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-13-vw-2279-story.html . live .
    14. News: Psychic Can't Bend Opinion . Locy . Toni . December 10, 1994 . . May 17, 2020 . August 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200818113003/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/12/10/psychic-cant-bend-opinion/a9f12d6b-255a-4acb-b224-30f02633e7ef/ . live .
    15. Geller v. Randi . Uri Geller vs. James Randi decision.
    16. Web site: ClairAudient Test. Ustream. 2011-08-21. September 3, 2014. September 4, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140904102125/http://www.ustream.tv/channel/clairaudient-test. dead.
    17. Web site: The CFIIG Paranormal Challenge . April 8, 2012 . https://archive.today/20230225035437/https://cfiig.org/paranormal-challenge/ . 25 February 2023 . 24 February 2023 . CFI Investigations Group . CFIIG will work with applicants to design the test protocol and define the conditions under which the test will take place. In most cases, the applicant will be asked to perform an informal demonstration of the claimed ability or phenomenon; if the demonstration is successful, it will be followed by a formal test, which will be administered by CFIIG representatives..
    18. Web site: April 8, 2012 . The $250k Challenge . deviated . https://web.archive.org/web/20200929234048/https://cfiig.org/250k-challenge/ . September 29, 2020 . 2020-09-13 . Center for Inquiry Investigations Group.
    19. News: Michael . Gryboski . Ted Cruz Joins Demonstrators in Front of White House; Calls on Obama to Help Imprisoned Sudanese Christian Woman . . 2014-06-12 . 2014-06-29 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904082259/http://www.christianpost.com/news/ted-cruz-joins-demonstrators-in-front-of-white-house-calls-on-obama-to-help-imprisoned-sudanese-christian-woman-121430/ . live .
    20. Web site: CFI Tells Federal Court: End Taxpayer Funding of Clergy Housing . Center for Inquiry . 2014-06-24 . 2014-06-29 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904091819/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/cfi_tells_federal_court_end_taxpayer_funding_of_clergy_housing/ . live .
    21. News: This nonprofit is fighting to give nonreligious couples more choice in who marries them. Texas just dealt them a setback. . Hannah . Natanson . 2019-08-21 . . 2019-10-03 . September 14, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190914125608/https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2019/08/21/this-non-profit-is-fighting-give-non-religious-couples-more-choice-who-marries-them-texas-just-dealt-them-setback/ . live .
    22. News: Kimberly. Winston. Supreme Court prayer ruling may spur new alliances. The Washington Post. limited. 2014-06-09. December 11, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181211172802/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/supreme-court-prayer-ruling-may-spur-new-alliances-_-resend/2014/05/08/12b93e52-d6d8-11e3-8f7d-7786660fff7c_story.html. live.
    23. Web site: Mass. High Court upholds 'under God' in pledge . https://web.archive.org/web/20140609101016/http://acton.wickedlocal.com/article/20140509/News/140506125. 2014-06-09. Acton, MA . The Beacon . GateHouse Media. 2014-05-09. 2014-06-09.
    24. Web site: Women in Secularism III: 2014 Conference in Alexandria, VA. https://web.archive.org/web/20140609110107/http://www.womeninsecularism.org/. 2014-06-09. Center for Inquiry. 2014-04-25. 2014-06-09.
    25. Web site: Chris. Stedman. Chris Stedman. Why atheists should care about transgender issues: A conversation with Kayley Whalen. Religion News Service. 2014-05-10. 2020-09-13. September 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200911204950/https://religionnews.com/2014/05/10/why-atheists-should-care-about-transgender-issues-a-conversation-with-kayley-whalen/. live.
    26. Web site: Celebrate Ingersoll! New Conference August 16–17 . Center for Inquiry . 2014-05-23 . 2014-06-29 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904170805/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/celebrate_ingersoll_new_conference_august_16-17/ . live .
    27. News: Hutchinson. Sikivu. Sikivu Hutchinson. Atheism has a big race problem that no one's talking about. The Washington Post. 2014-06-25. 2014-06-29. October 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171007202057/https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/06/16/blacks-are-even-discriminated-against-by-atheists/. live.
    28. Web site: Moving Social Justice Conference: October '14 CFI-Los Angeles . Black Skeptics . The Orbit . March 20, 2014 . September 13, 2020 . August 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200803171702/https://the-orbit.net/blackskeptics/2014/03/20/moving-social-justice-conference-october-14-cfi-los-angeles/ . live .
    29. Web site: Colette M. . Jenkins. Colette M. Jenkins. Northeast Ohio billboard campaign urges nonbelievers to 'come out of the closet'. Akron Beacon Journal. 2014-05-17. 2020-09-13.
    30. News: Stoyan . Zaimov . Secular Group to Send 'Freethought' Books to Prisoners as Alternative to Religion . . 2014-01-14 . 2014-06-29 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904091007/http://www.christianpost.com/news/secular-group-to-send-freethought-books-to-prisoners-as-alternative-to-religion-112609/ . live .
    31. News: Winston . Kimberly . Atheist groups cater to a captive audience: Prisoners . December 17, 2018 . . . January 25, 2014 . December 18, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181218102126/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/01/25/atheists-prison-outreach/4797469/ . live .
    32. Web site: Rori . Donaghy . Rori Donaghy . Saudi Arabia attempts to silence NGO at Human Rights Council . . 2015-02-12 . 2020-09-13 . December 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201203142548/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-attempts-silence-ngo-human-rights-council . live .
    33. News: Atheist to deliver town's opening prayer . . Troy, New York . . June 20, 2014 . 2014-06-29 . December 24, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191224153550/https://www.troyrecord.com/news/atheist-to-deliver-town-s-opening-prayer/article_c3be5b7e-efe9-5b96-86ca-4c6bde28783b.html . dead .
    34. News: Michael . Gryboski . To Expand Religious Freedom in the Military, Republicans Need to Win the Senate, Congressman Says . . 2014-05-28 . 2014-06-29 . July 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730144648/https://www.christianpost.com/news/to-expand-religious-freedom-in-the-military-republicans-need-to-win-the-senate-congressman-says-120507/ . live .
    35. Web site: Secular Humanist Bulletin . The Council For Secular Humanism . 2008-11-11 . 2014-06-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140615170447/http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php/articles/category/shb . 2014-06-15 . dead.
    36. The American Rationalist volume LVII May/June 2011, Number 3, .
    37. Web site: Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice . Srmhp.org . 2014-03-01 . September 15, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080915073516/http://www.srmhp.org/ . live .
    38. Web site: Introducing PENSAR: Spanish Language Skeptic Magazine . Skepticalinquirer.org . CFI . 17 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205122347/https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/introducing-pensar-spanish-language-skeptic-magazine/ . 5 December 2020 . 17 June 2020 . live.
    39. Web site: Pensar (Home) . pensar.org . CFI . 17 February 2021 . February 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210226165154/https://pensar.org/ . live .
    40. The 'Underground Railroad' To Save Atheists. David. Robson. The Atlantic. 2018-01-18. 2018-02-14. February 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180215143616/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/01/the-underground-railroad-to-save-atheists/550229/. live.
    41. Web site: CFI Office of Public Policy . Center for Inquiry . 2014-03-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140322061816/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/opp . March 22, 2014 . dead .
    42. Web site: CFI Office of Public Policy . Center for Inquiry . 2014-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140627160430/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/opp/opp_work/category/positions/ . June 27, 2014 . dead .
    43. Web site: Press release – Amicus brief to Supreme Court. Center For Inquiry. January 28, 2014. February 6, 2014. February 3, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140203034901/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/newsroom/cfi_tells_supreme_court_hobby_lobby/. live.
    44. Web site: CFI Office of Public Policy . Center for Inquiry . 2014-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140727152204/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/opp/opp_work/category/bills/ . July 27, 2014 . dead .
    45. Web site: Science and the Public, EdM. University at Buffalo. 2017-07-09. July 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170707021501/http://www.buffalo.edu/gse/online/programs/masters/science.html. live.
    46. Web site: Fidalgo . Paul . Quackwatch Joins the Center for Inquiry . Center for Inquiry . February 26, 2020 . 26 February 2020 . February 26, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200226182148/https://centerforinquiry.org/press_releases/quackwatch-joins-the-center-for-inquiry/ . live .
    47. Web site: Science Advocates Call for Governors to Declare a National Science Appreciation Day . Center for Inquiry . November 11, 2021 . Center for Inquiry, Inc . 7 April 2022.
    48. Web site: State Proclamations . ScienceSaves . March 21, 2022 . 7 April 2022 . Center for Inquiry, Inc.
    49. Web site: The Richard Dawkins Award. Serving the Atheist Community for More Than 20 Years. en-US. 2016-06-25. December 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191222094120/http://www.atheistallianceamerica.org/the-richard-dawkins-award/. live.
    50. Web site: Richard Dawkins Award Moving to the Center for Inquiry . April 16, 2019 . Center for Inquiry . 1 August 2019 . March 2, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210302124516/https://centerforinquiry.org/press_releases/richard-dawkins-award-moving-to-the-center-for-inquiry/ . live .
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    52. Web site: Camp Inquiry . Holland, New York . Campinquiry.org . 2014-03-01 . June 15, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060615055050/http://www.campinquiry.org/ . live .
    53. Web site: Camp Offers Training Ground For Little Skeptics . NPR.org . NPR . 2014-06-29 . January 24, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170124045725/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93174374 . live .
    54. Web site: Angie McQuaig: Camp Inquiry: A Summer Camp for Kids With Questions . July 15, 2010 . Huffingtonpost.com . 2014-06-29 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904074920/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/angie-mcquaig/camp-inquiry-a-summer-cam_b_645900.html . live .
    55. Web site: Institute Catalogue . Center for Inquiry . 2014-03-01 . September 23, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080923200849/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/education/institute_catalogue/ . live .
    56. Web site: CSMMH . https://web.archive.org/web/20100925212414/http://www.csmmh.org/ . 2010-09-25 . Commission for Scientific Medicine and Mental Health . 2010-09-25 . 2014-03-03.
    57. News: The pseudoscience of homeopathy. The Washington Post. 2014-06-09.
    58. Web site: CFI and CSI Petition FDA to Take Action on Homeopathic Drugs. https://web.archive.org/web/20110925001948/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/cfi_and_csi_petition_fda_to_take_action_on_homeopathic_drugs . 2011-09-25 . Center for Inquiry . 2011-08-30 . 2014-06-16.
    59. Pseudoscience in Autism Treatment: Are the News and Entertainment Media Helping or Hurting? . Spring–Summer 2005 . 4 . 1 . 55–58 . Riggott, Julie. . Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice. . https://web.archive.org/web/20131112175428/http://www.srmhp.org/0401/media-watch.html . 2013-11-12 . dead. Professional organizations which issued position statements indicating that facilitated communication is not a scientifically valid technique; Most effective intervention for autism according to scientists; Symptoms of autism; Reason for the abundance of untested and ineffective therapies for autism
    60. "Power Therapies and possible threats to the science of psychology and psychiatry". By: Devilly, Grant J. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Jun 2005, Vol. 39, Issue 6, pp. 437–445. This paper reviews a collection of new therapies collectively self-termed ‘The Power Therapies’, outlining their proposed procedures and the evidence for and against their use. These therapies are then put to the test for pseudoscientific practice. It is concluded that these new therapies have offered no new scientifically valid theories of action, show only non-specific efficacy, show no evidence that they offer substantive improvements to extant psychiatric care, yet display many characteristics consistent with pseudoscience.
    61. Web site: Education. Center for Inquiry. n.d.. 2014-03-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20120401082720/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/research/. 2012-04-01. dead.
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    64. Web site: About center For Inquiry. 2014-02-28. 2013. June 15, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140615141407/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/about/branches. live.
    65. Web site: About | Center for Inquiry . https://web.archive.org/web/20140615141407/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/about/branches. 2014-06-15. Center for Inquiry. 2014-04-04 . 2014-06-16.
    66. Web site: UN. Center for Inquiry. 2014-06-16. July 23, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140723141216/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/unitednations/. live.
    67. Web site: Le Conseil des droits de l'homme tient une reunion-débat de haut niveau sur la lute contre les mutilations génitales féminines – Communiqués de presse . Fr.starafrica.com . 2014-06-16 . 2014-06-29 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904120328/http://fr.starafrica.com/actualites/le-conseil-des-droits-de-lhomme-tient-une-reunion-debat-de-haut-niveau-sur-la-lute-contre-les-mutilations-genitales-feminines.html . 2014-09-04 .
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    69. CFI UK is a section of the British Humanist Association
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    71. Book: Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out. Ibn Warraq. Ibn Warraq. 2003. Prometheus Books. 978-1591020684.
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    74. Defending the West. XVI. 1. Winter 2009. A.J. Caschetta. Middle East Quarterly. 77–79. 2012-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20120509010107/http://www.meforum.org/2069/defending-the-west. 2012-05-09. live.
    75. Web site: Dr. Oz's bad day on Capitol Hill. TheHill. 2014-05-14. 2014-06-29. March 2, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210302124537/https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/209611-dr-oz-gets-tough-treatment-on-weight-loss-claims. live.
    76. Web site: CFI Launches Campaign to Keep Religion and Pseudoscience Out of Health Care. Center for Inquiry. 2014-06-03. 2014-06-29. September 4, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140904170808/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/safe_and_secular/. live.
    77. Web site: The Fight To Take Back Our Health Care System From Junk Science. ThinkProgress. 2014-06-05. 2014-06-29. September 4, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140904014319/http://thinkprogress.org/health/2014/06/05/3445016/secular-health-care/. live.
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    79. News: Kimberly Winston. Senate approves prayer plaque for World War II monument. Deseret News. 2014-06-06. 2014-06-29. September 24, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135836/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865604661/Senate-approves-prayer-plaque-for-World-War-II-monument.html?pg=all. live.
    80. Web site: Coalition of US-Based Firms Urges Pakistan to End Social Media Censorship | NDTV Gadgets. Gadgets.ndtv.com. 2014-06-12. 2014-06-29. September 10, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140910230610/http://gadgets.ndtv.com/social-networking/news/coalition-of-us-based-firms-urges-pakistan-to-end-social-media-censorship-540206. live.
    81. Web site: Bob Park . Park . Bob . Freedom Of Science: in Defense of Science and Secularism . What's New with Bob Park . blog . 2006-11-17 . 2006-11-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110927141622/http://bobpark.physics.umd.edu/WN06/wn111706.html . 2011-09-27 . dead.
    82. Web site: Guardian Angel: Video Expert Re-Creation . Oprah Winfrey Network . 2011-01-20 . 2011-01-28 . January 21, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110121233416/http://www.oprah.com/own-miracle-detectives/Guardian-Angel-Video-Expert-Re-Creation . live .
    83. . Center For Inquiry Sues CVS for Fraud Over Sale of Homeopathic Fake Medicine . Center for Inquiry . 9 July 2018 . 9 July 2018 . July 9, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180709162637/https://centerforinquiry.org/press_releases/cfi-sues-cvs/ . live .
    84. Web site: Gibson . Kate . Walmart sued over marketing of homeopathic treatments . CBS News . June 10, 2019 . 3 July 2019 . July 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190703111307/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/walmart-sued-over-homeopathic-medicine-marketing/ . live .
    85. Web site: Walmart Sued For Fraud: Nation's Largest Retailer Deceives And Endangers Consumers With Homeopathic Fake Medicine . May 20, 2019 . Center For Inquiry . 16 August 2019 . August 20, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190820194444/https://centerforinquiry.org/press_releases/walmart-sued-for-fraud-homeopathy/ . live .
    86. Web site: Lawsuit Targeting Walmart and CVS Over Fake Medicine gets $250,000 Boost From Stiefel Freethought Foundation . July 10, 2019 . Center For Inquiry . 16 August 2019 . July 14, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190714102351/https://centerforinquiry.org/press_releases/lawsuit-targeting-walmart-and-cvs-over-fake-medicine-gets-250000-boost-from-stiefel-freethought-foundation/ . live .
    87. September–October 2020 . Judge Dismisses CFI Suit Against Walmart On Homeopathy; Appeal Planned . . Amherst, New York . Center for Inquiry .
    88. News: Grzincic . Barbara . Walmart, CVS must face lawsuit over placement of homeopathic product . Reuters . September 30, 2022 . 8 February 2023.
    89. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/sikivu-hutchinson/atheismsowhite-atheists-o_b_9078736.html
      1. AtheismSoWhite: Atheists of Color Rock Social Justice
    90. Web site: Rochester Hills Country Club Cancels Richard Dawkins Appearance. Fox News. 2011-10-13. 2011-10-15. December 19, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151219065235/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBU8nS9OFDY. live.
    91. News: Atheist Richard Dawkins snubbed by Detroit area country club. Detroit Free Press. 2011-10-12. 2011-10-15. October 14, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111014184110/http://www.freep.com/article/20111012/NEWS05/110120357/Atheist-Richard-Dawkins-snubbed-by-Detroit-area-country-club-?odyssey=tab%7Ctopnews%7Ctext%7CFRONTPAGE. live.
    92. Web site: Rochester Hills Country Club Cancels Richard Dawkins Appearance . MyFoxDetroit.com . Fox Television Stations, Inc . 2011-10-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183900/http://www.myfoxdetroit.com/story/18450960/rochester-hills-country-club-cancels-richard-dawkins-appearance . 2014-04-16 . dead.
    93. News: Protest tonight against club's decision to cancel atheist's appearance. The Detroit News. 2011-10-12. 2011-10-15.
    94. News: Atheist Richard Dawkins Rejected by Detroit Country Club? . The Christian Post . 2011-10-13 . 2014-06-16 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904093446/http://www.christianpost.com/news/atheist-richard-dawkins-rejected-by-detroit-country-club-58082/ . live .
    95. Web site: Dawkins Event Banned – CFI to Pursue Legal Remedies. Center For Inquiry. 2011-10-14. 2011-10-15. October 16, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111016182801/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/update_dawkins_event_banned. live.
    96. Web site: Complaint and Demand for Jury. April 27, 2012. Center for Inquiry. United States District Court, Eastern District of Michigan. July 4, 2012. December 5, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121205114358/http://centerforinquiry.net/uploads/center-for-inquriy-v-golf-course-services-complaint-04-27-2012-dawkins-wyndgate-lawsuit.pdf. live.
    97. News: Mich. club settles atheist discrimination suit. https://web.archive.org/web/20130301174801/http://online.wsj.com/article/APb1485ec9c39b451e9849280550298743.html . 2013-03-01 . The Wall Street Journal. 2013-02-26. 2013-02-27.
    98. Web site: Council for Secular Humanism Inc v. McNeil . findlaw.com . April 27, 2010 . June 27, 2018 . April 1, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180401134623/http://caselaw.findlaw.com/fl-district-court-of-appeal/1519849.html . live .
    99. News: Bill asks voters to OK taxpayer funding of religious institutions . Leslie . Postal . . April 20, 2011 . May 16, 2016 . June 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160610232422/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2011-04-20/news/os-blaine-amendment-religious-schools20110420_1_florida-voters-church-and-state-state-constitution . live .
    100. News: Blaine amendment repeal passes Florida house . Patricia . Mazzei . . April 27, 2011 . May 16, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160605071055/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/content/blaine-amendment-repeal-passes-florida-house . June 5, 2016 . dead .
    101. Web site: Florida religious freedom Amendment 8 . ballotpedia.org . May 16, 2016 . October 31, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151031061509/http://ballotpedia.org/Florida_Religious_Freedom,_Amendment_8_(2012) . live .
    102. Web site: CFI v Jones (2016) . Fl 2nd District Court . becketfund.org . January 20, 2016 . May 16, 2016 . April 12, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160412112043/http://www.becketfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/CFI-v-Jones-for-Web.compressed.pdf . live .
    103. Web site: Center for Inquiry will not appeal adverse decision in Florida lawsuit . CFI . February 8, 2016 . May 16, 2016 . June 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160610202635/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/center_for_inquiry_will_not_appeal_adverse_decision_in_florida_lawsuit/ . live .
    104. Web site: Atheists drop suit to block Christian prison ministry funding . Kara . Bettis . New Boston Post . February 23, 2016 . May 16, 2016 . July 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160714183035/http://newbostonpost.com/2016/02/23/atheists-drop-suit-to-block-christian-prison-ministry-funding/ . live .
    105. Web site: Saudi Arabia Tries to Silence Center for Inquiry at UN Human Rights Council – 6/23/14 . June 23, 2014 . . December 27, 2017 . March 2, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210302124647/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CakI_sn30xg . live .
    106. Web site: Penn Jillette Celebrates Blasphemy Day in 'Penn Says' . Center for Inquiry . 2009-09-29 . 2013-09-30 . October 6, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073341/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/blogs/entry/penn_jillette_celebrates_blasphemy_day/ . live .
    107. News: Taking aim at God on 'Blasphemy Day'. CNN.com. September 30, 2009. Moni. Basu. September 3, 2014. September 4, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140904103358/http://www.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/09/30/first.blasphemy.day/. live.
    108. Web site: CFI Announces Blasphemy Contest Winners . Center for Inquiry . 2009-11-16 . 2014-07-23 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904092841/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/blasphemy_contest_winners/ . live .
    109. News: Moni . Basu. Taking aim at God on 'Blasphemy Day' . CNN.com . 2009-09-30 . 2014-07-23 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904103358/http://www.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/09/30/first.blasphemy.day/ . live .
    110. News: Closer Look at Rift Between Humanists Reveals Deeper Divisions. The New York Times. October 1, 2010. Mark . Oppenheimer. February 24, 2017. October 23, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151023151839/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/02/us/02beliefs.html?_r=0. live.
    111. Web site: Bradley Haggerty . Barbara . 2009-10-19 . A Bitter Rift Divides Atheists . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190401042651/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113889251 . April 1, 2019 . 2014-07-23 . NPR.
    112. Web site: Grothe . D.J. . Quick Thoughts on the NPR 'Bitter Rift' Story . Center for Inquiry . 2009-10-19 . 2014-07-23 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904170810/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/blogs/entry/quick_thoughts_on_npr_story/ . live .

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