Cenarchaeum Explained

Cenarchaeum is a monotypic genus of archaeans in the family Cenarchaeaceae.^[1] The marine archaean Cenarchaeum symbiosum is psychrophilic and is found inhabiting marine sponges.^[2] Cenarchaeum symbiosum was initially detected as a major symbiotic microorganism living within (it is an endosymbiont of) the sponge Axinella mexicana.^[2] It has been ubiquitously detected in the world oceans at lower abundances, while in some genera of marine sponges it is one of the most abundant microbiome members. Its genome sequence and diversity has been investigated in detail finding unique metabolic products and its role in ammonia-oxidizing activities.

Genome

The genome of C. symbiosum is estimated to be 2.02 Million bp in length, with a predicted amount of 2011 genes.^[3]

Ecology

Cenarchaeum symbiosum is a psychrophilic organism capable of surviving and proliferating at low temperatures usually ranging from 7-19 Celsius. C. symbiosum has a symbiotic relationship with certain varieties of sponge species, usually living in 10-20 meter depths, typically near California.

Further reading

• Amin. Shady A. Moffett. James W. Martens-Habbena. Willm. Jaquot. Jeremy E. Han. Yang. Devol. Allan. Ingalls. Anitra E. Stahl. David A. Armbrust. E Virginia. Copper requirements of the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 and implications for nitrification in the marine environment. Limnology and Oceanography. Nov 2013. 58. 6. 2037–2045. 10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.2037. 2013LimOc..58.2037A. 86826960 .
  • Hallam. Steven J. Konstantinidis. Konstantinos T. Putnam. Nik. Schleper. Christa. Watanabe. Yoh-ichi. Sugahara. Junichi. Preston. Christina. de la Torre. Jose. Richardson. Paul M. DeLong. Edward. Genomic analysis of the uncultivated marine crenarchaeote Cenarchaeum symbiosum. Nov 28, 2006. 103. 48. 18296–18301. 10.1073/pnas.0608549103. 17114289. 1643844. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006PNAS..10318296H. free.
  • Schleper. Christa. Swanson. Ronald V.. Mathur. Eric J.. Delong. Edward F.. Characterization of a DNA polymerase from the uncultivated psychrophilic archaeon Cenarchaeum symbiosum. Journal of Bacteriology. December 1997. 179. 24. 7803–7811. 10.1128/jb.179.24.7803-7811.1997. 9401041. 179745.
• Swan. Brandon K.. Martinez-Garcia. Manuel. Chaffin. Mark D.. Morrison. Hilary G.. Field. Erin K.. Poulton. Nicole J.. Masland. E. Dashiell P.. Harris. Christopher C.. Sczyrba. Alexander. Chain. Patrick S. G.. Koren. Sergey. Woyke. Tanja. Stepanauskas. Ramunas. Genomic and Metabolic Diversity of Marine Group I Thaumarchaeota in the Mesopelagic of Two Subtropical Gyres. PLOS ONE. April 17, 2014. 9. 4. e95380. 10.1371/journal.pone.0095380. etal. 24743558. 3990693. 2014PLoSO...995380S. free.

Notes and References

1. See the NCBI webpage on Cenarchaeum. Data extracted from the Web site: NCBI taxonomy resources . . 2007-03-19.
2. A psychrophilic crenarchaeon inhabits a marine sponge: Cenarchaeum symbiosum gen. nov., sp. nov . Preston CM, Wu KY, Molinski TF, De Long EF . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 1996 . 93 . 13 . 6241–6246 . 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6241 . 39006 . 8692799. 1996PNAS...93.6241P . free .
3. Web site: Cenarchaeum symbiosum (Cenarchaeum symbiosum) Genome Browser Gateway . Genome Browser Gateway . May 25, 2011.