Cayos Miskitos–San Andrés and Providencia moist forests explained

Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés & Providencia moist forests
Map:	Ecoregion NT0110.svg
Map Size:	300
Ecozone:	Neotropic
Biome:	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Area:	130
Country:	Nicaragua, Colombia
Coordinates:	13.35°N -81.373°W

The Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés & Providencia moist forests ecoregion (WWF ID:NT0110) cover the forested areas of four islands in the western Caribbean Sea - Cayos Miskitos and the Corn Islands off the east coast of Nicaragua, and San Andrés and Providencia Islands farther east and belonging to the nation of Colombia. The forests on San Adres and Providencia have been heavily degraded by agriculture - coconuts on San Andres, oranges on Providencia. A significant feature of the ecoregion is the surrounding corals reefs, which are large and well preserved. While not technically a part of this terrestrial ecoregion, they are related to the islands.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Location and description

There are four island groups in the ecoregion:

• Miskito Cays (Nicaragua), 40 km east of Awastara on the coast of Nicaragua, is an archipelago of 85 small, low-lying islands. The highest elevation is 10 meters. The island is the site of a RAMSAR wetland of international importance.^[5]
• San Andrés (island) (Colombia), is 200 km east of Bluefields, Nicaragua, but is politically part of the Colombia, in the department of Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina. The highest elevation is 100 meters.
• Providencia Island, Colombia (Colombia), the main island in the archipelago of the Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands. The highest elevation is 300 meters.
• Corn Islands (Nicaragua), is 70 km east of Bluefields, Nicaragua.

Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is Tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification (Am)). This climate is characterized by relatively even temperatures throughout the year (all months being greater than 18C average temperature), and a pronounced dry season. This climate is mid-way between a tropical rainforest and a tropical savannah. Precipitation averages 1,900 mm/year at San Andreas, and 1,532 at Providencia. The average temperature is 27C. The wet months are in June and later in September to November.^{[6] [7]}

Flora and fauna

While the original forests of San Andres featured mahogany, cedar, and other substantial tree species, these were logged and replaced with cotton and coconut cultivation. Today, the forest are mostly low thickets supporting genus Lantana, Croton, Randia, and Xylosma.

Four endemic species of conservation interest on San Andres are two birds - the San Andrés mockingbird (Mimus magnirostris), the Sam Andrés vireo (Vireo caribaeus) - a lizard (Anolis concolor) and a snake (Coniophanes andresensis).

Protected areas

Over 54% of the territory of the islands are within an officially protected area, including:

• Cayos Miskitos y Franja Costera Inmediata, a RAMSAR wetland of international importance
• Old Providence McBean Lagoon National Natural Park, a national park of Colombia

Notes and References

1. Web site: Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés & Providencia moist forests . World Wildlife Federation. en. December 31, 2020.
2. Web site: Map of Ecoregions 2017. Resolve, using WWF data. en.
3. Web site: Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés & Providencia moist forests . Digital Observatory for Protected Areas. en. December 31, 2020.
4. Web site: Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés & Providencia moist forests . The Encyclopedia of Earth. en. December 31, 2020.
5. Web site: Cayos Miskitos y Franja Costera Immediata. RAMSAR Sites Information Service. en. December 31, 2020.
6. Web site: M. . Kottek . J. . Grieser . C. . Beck . B. . Rudolf . F. . Rubel . 2006 . World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated. Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. en. September 14, 2019.
7. Web site: Dataset - Koppen climate classifications. World Bank. en. September 14, 2019.