Cavitation (elastomers) explained

Cavitation is the unstable unhindered expansion of a microscopic void in a solid elastomer under the action of tensile hydrostatic stresses. This can occur whenever the hydrostatic tension exceeds 5/6 of Young's modulus.^[1]

The cavitation phenomenon may manifest in any of the following situations:

• imposed hydrostatic tensile stress acting on a pre-existing void
• void pressurization due to gases that are generated due to chemical action (as in volatilization of low-molecular weight waxes or oils: 'blowpoint' for insufficiently cured rubber, or 'thermal blowout' for systems operating at very high temperature)
• void pressurization due to gases that come out of solution (as in gases dissolved at high pressure)

Notes and References

1. Gent. Alan N.. Cavitation in Rubber: A Cautionary Tale. Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 1990. 63. 3. 49–53. 10.5254/1.3538266.