Caveolin 2 Explained

Caveolin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of the inner surface of caveolae, small invaginations of the plasma membrane, and is involved in essential cellular functions, including signal transduction, lipid metabolism, cellular growth control and apoptosis. This protein may function as a tumor suppressor. The CAV1 and CAV2 genes are located next to each other on chromosome 7 and express colocalizing proteins that form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex,^{[3] [4]} which can be disrupted by Src-mediated phosphorylation of tyrosine 19 on caveolin-2.^[5] Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. By using alternative initiation codons in the same reading frame, two isoforms (alpha and beta) are encoded by one transcript.^[3]

Interactions

Caveolin 2 has been shown to interact with Caveolin 1^{[4] [6]} and RAS p21 protein activator 1.^[5]

Further reading

• Engelman JA, Zhang X, Galbiati F . Molecular genetics of the caveolin gene family: implications for human cancers, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and muscular dystrophy. . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 63 . 6 . 1578–87 . 1999 . 9837809 . 1377628 . 10.1086/302172. etal.
• Glenney JR . The sequence of human caveolin reveals identity with VIP21, a component of transport vesicles. . FEBS Lett. . 314 . 1 . 45–8 . 1992 . 1360410 . 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81458-X . 12826361 . free .
• Murata M, Peränen J, Schreiner R . VIP21/caveolin is a cholesterol-binding protein. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 92 . 22 . 10339–43 . 1995 . 7479780 . 40792 . 10.1073/pnas.92.22.10339 . etal. 1995PNAS...9210339M. free .
• Robertson NG, Khetarpal U, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA . Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening. . Genomics . 23 . 1 . 42–50 . 1995 . 7829101 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1457 . etal.
• Scherer PE, Lewis RY, Volonte D . Cell-type and tissue-specific expression of caveolin-2. Caveolins 1 and 2 co-localize and form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex in vivo. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 46 . 29337–46 . 1997 . 9361015 . 10.1074/jbc.272.46.29337 . etal. free .
• Galbiati F, Volonte D, Gil O . Expression of caveolin-1 and -2 in differentiating PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons: caveolin-2 is up-regulated in response to cell injury. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 95 . 17 . 10257–62 . 1998 . 9707634 . 21495 . 10.1073/pnas.95.17.10257 . etal. 1998PNAS...9510257G. free .
• Engelman JA, Zhang XL, Lisanti MP . Genes encoding human caveolin-1 and -2 are co-localized to the D7S522 locus (7q31.1), a known fragile site (FRA7G) that is frequently deleted in human cancers. . FEBS Lett. . 436 . 3 . 403–10 . 1998 . 9801158 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01134-X . 24354687 . free .
• Volonte D, Galbiati F, Li S . Flotillins/cavatellins are differentially expressed in cells and tissues and form a hetero-oligomeric complex with caveolins in vivo. Characterization and epitope-mapping of a novel flotillin-1 monoclonal antibody probe. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 18 . 12702–9 . 1999 . 10212252 . 10.1074/jbc.274.18.12702. etal. free .
• Engelman JA, Zhang XL, Lisanti MP . Sequence and detailed organization of the human caveolin-1 and -2 genes located near the D7S522 locus (7q31.1). Methylation of a CpG island in the 5' promoter region of the caveolin-1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. . FEBS Lett. . 448 . 2–3 . 221–30 . 1999 . 10218480 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00365-8 . 37779245 .
• Mora R, Bonilha VL, Marmorstein A . Caveolin-2 localizes to the golgi complex but redistributes to plasma membrane, caveolae, and rafts when co-expressed with caveolin-1. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 36 . 25708–17 . 1999 . 10464308 . 10.1074/jbc.274.36.25708 . etal. free .
• Fra AM, Pasqualetto E, Mancini M, Sitia R . Genomic organization and transcriptional analysis of the human genes coding for caveolin-1 and caveolin-2. . Gene . 243 . 1–2 . 75–83 . 2000 . 10675615 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00559-4 .
• Schwab W, Kasper M, Gavlik JM . Characterization of caveolins from human knee joint catilage: expression of caveolin-1, -2, and -3 in chondrocytes and association with integrin beta1. . Histochem. Cell Biol. . 113 . 3 . 221–5 . 2000 . 10817676 . 10.1007/s004180050441 . 37932082 . etal.
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA . DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. . Genome Res. . 10 . 11 . 1788–95 . 2001 . 11076863 . 310948 . 10.1101/gr.143000 .
• Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A . Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing. . EMBO Rep. . 1 . 3 . 287–92 . 2001 . 11256614 . 1083732 . 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 . etal.
• de Marco MC, Kremer L, Albar JP . BENE, a novel raft-associated protein of the MAL proteolipid family, interacts with caveolin-1 in human endothelial-like ECV304 cells. . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 25 . 23009–17 . 2001 . 11294831 . 10.1074/jbc.M009739200 . etal. free .
• Andoh A, Saotome T, Sato H . Epithelial expression of caveolin-2, but not caveolin-1, is enhanced in the inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. . Inflamm. Bowel Dis. . 7 . 3 . 210–4 . 2002 . 11515846 . 10.1097/00054725-200108000-00005 . 23977281 . etal. free .
• Xu XR, Huang J, Xu ZG . Insight into hepatocellular carcinogenesis at transcriptome level by comparing gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma with those of corresponding noncancerous liver. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 98 . 26 . 15089–94 . 2002 . 11752456 . 64988 . 10.1073/pnas.241522398 . etal. 2001PNAS...9815089X . free .

Notes and References

1. Scherer PE, Okamoto T, Chun M, Nishimoto I, Lodish HF, Lisanti MP . Identification, sequence, and expression of caveolin-2 defines a caveolin gene family . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 93 . 1 . 131–5 . Feb 1996 . 8552590 . 40192 . 10.1073/pnas.93.1.131 . 1996PNAS...93..131S . free .
2. Fra AM, Mastroianni N, Mancini M, Pasqualetto E, Sitia R . Human caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 are closely linked genes colocalized with WI-5336 in a region of 7q31 frequently deleted in tumors . Genomics . 56 . 3 . 355–6 . May 1999 . 10087206 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5723 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: CAV2 caveolin 2.
4. 10.1074/jbc.272.46.29337 . Scherer . P E . Lewis R Y . Volonte D . Engelman J A . Galbiati F . Couet J . Kohtz D S . van Donselaar E . Peters P . Lisanti M P . Nov 1997 . Cell-type and tissue-specific expression of caveolin-2. Caveolins 1 and 2 co-localize and form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex in vivo . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 46 . 29337–46 . UNITED STATES. 0021-9258. 9361015 . free .
5. Lee . Hyangkyu . Park David S . Wang Xiao Bo . Scherer Philipp E . Schwartz Phillip E . Lisanti Michael P . Sep 2002 . Src-induced phosphorylation of caveolin-2 on tyrosine 19. Phospho-caveolin-2 (Tyr(P)19) is localized near focal adhesions, remains associated with lipid rafts/caveolae, but no longer forms a high molecular mass hetero-oligomer with caveolin-1 . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 37 . 34556–67 . United States. 0021-9258. 12091389 . 10.1074/jbc.M204367200 . free .
6. 10.1242/jcs.00130 . Breuza . Lionel . Corby Séverine . Arsanto Jean-Pierre . Delgrossi Marie-Hélène . Scheiffele Peter . Le Bivic André . Dec 2002 . The scaffolding domain of caveolin 2 is responsible for its Golgi localization in Caco-2 cells . J. Cell Sci. . 115 . Pt 23 . 4457–67 . England. 0021-9533. 12414992 . 14788127 .