Catholic higher education explained
Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes. Those tied to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities.
By definition, Catholic canon law states that "A Catholic school is understood to be one which is under control of the competent ecclesiastical authority or of a public ecclesiastical juridical person, or one which in a written document is acknowledged as Catholic by the ecclesiastical authority" (Can. 803). Although some schools are deemed "Catholic" because of their identity and a great number of students enrolled are Catholics, it is also stipulated in canon law that "no school, even if it is in fact Catholic, may bear the title 'Catholic school' except by the consent of the competent ecclesiastical authority" (Can. 803 §3).
The Dominican Order was "the first order instituted by the Church with an academic mission",[1] founding Latin: studia conventualia in every convent of the order, and studia generalia at the early European universities such as the University of Bologna and the University of Paris. In Europe, most universities with medieval history were founded as Catholic. Many of them were rescinded to government authorities in the Modern era. Some, however, remained Catholic, while new ones were established alongside the public ones. The Catholic Church is still the largest non-governmental provider of higher education in the world. Many of them are still internationally competitive. According to the census of the Vatican's Congregation for Catholic Education, the total number of Catholic universities and higher education institutions around the world is 1,358. On the other hand, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) counts it at 1,861. The Catholic religious order with the highest number of universities around the world today is the Society of Jesus with 114.[2]
Like other private schools, Catholic universities and colleges are generally nondenominational, in that they accept anyone regardless of religious affiliation, nationality, ethnicity, or civil status, provided the admission or enrollment requirements and legal documents are submitted, and rules and regulations are obeyed for a fruitful life on campus. However, non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may or may not participate in otherwise required campus activities, particularly those of a religious nature.
History
The International Federation of Catholic Universities has its origins in collaboration in 1924 between the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan and the Catholic university of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. [3] In 2023, it had 226 members universities in the world. [4]
Partial list of universities
To prevent repetition, for Ecclesiastical universities and faculties, see Ecclesiastical university, and for Pontifical universities, see Pontifical university.
Albania
- Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel", Tirana
Angola
Argentina
- Austral University, Buenos Aires
- Catholic University of Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero
- Facultades de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel, San Miguel
- Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires
- Saint Thomas Aquinas University of the North, San Miguel de Tucumán
- Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Cordoba
- Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan
- Universidad Católica de La Plata, La Plata
- Universidad Católica de Salta, Salta
- Universidad FASTA, Mar del Plata
Australia
Austria
- Benedict XVI Philosophical-Theological University, Heiligenkreuz
- Catholic Private University Linz, Linz
- Catholic University College of Education Graz, Graz; f.2007
- International Theological Institute, Trumau (near Wien)
- Pázmáneum, Wien
- Private University College of Education of the Diocese of Linz, Linz; f.1968
- University College of Teacher Education Edith Stein, Innsbruck
- University of Innsbruck Faculty of Catholic Theology, Innsbruck
- University of Salzburg Faculty of Catholic Theology, Salzburg
- University of Vienna Faculty of Catholic Theology, Wien
Bangladesh
Belgium
- Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Ghent
- ICHEC Brussels Management School (Institut catholique des hautes études commerciales), Woluwe-Saint-Pierre
- Institut des hautes etudes des communications sociales (IHECS), Brussels
- Institut libre Marie Haps (ILMH), Ixelles
- Institut Saint-Luc, Saint-Gilles
- Karel de Grote University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Antwerp
- LUCA School of Arts, Brussels
- Saint Ignatius University Centre, Antwerp (UCSIA), Antwerp
- Saint-Louis University, Brussels, (Université Saint-Louis - Bruxelles), Brussels
- St John Berchmans University College, Heverlee, Heverlee
- University of Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, KU Leuven), Leuven
- Kulak (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven associatie Kortrijk), Kortrijk
- University of Louvain (Université catholique de Louvain, UC Louvain), Louvain-la-Neuve
- University of Namur (Université de Namur, UNamur), Namur
Belize
Benin
Bolivia
- Unidad Académica Regional Cochabamba
- Unidad Académica Regional Santa Cruz
- Unidad Académica Regional Tarija
Brazil
- Católica de Vitória Centro Universitário, Vitória, ES
- Centro Universitário Católica de Santa Catarina, Jaraguá do Sul, SC
- Centro Universitário Católico do Sudoeste do Paraná, Palmas, PR
- Centro Universitário Claretiano, Batatais, SP
- Centro Universitário da FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, SP
- Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Ipiranga, SP
- Faculdade Católica do Tocantins, Palmas, TO
- Faculdade La Salle, Manaus, AM
- Institutos Supereriores de Ensino La Salle, Niteroi, RJ
- La Salle College of Lucas do Rio Verde, Lucas do Rio Verde, MT
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas
- Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia
- Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
- Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, PE
- Universidade Católica de Petrópolis, Petropolis, RJ
- Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP
- Universidade Católica do Salvador, Salvador, BA
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS
- Universidade da Amazônia, Belem, PA
- Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS
- Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS
- Universidade Santa Úrsula, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
- Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, SP
- University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Public universities that continue to claim Catholic affiliation
- Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia
- St. Thomas University, Fredericton, New Brunswick
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec
- Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec
- Université Sainte-Anne, Pointe-de-l'Église, Nova Scotia
Catholic institutions affiliated or federated to public universities
- Assumption University, Windsor, Ontario (University of Windsor)
- Brescia University College, London, Ontario (University of Western Ontario)
- Campion College, Regina, Saskatchewan (University of Regina)
- Corpus Christi College, Vancouver, British Columbia (University of British Columbia)
- Dominican University College, Ottawa, Ontario (Carleton University)
- King's University College, London, Ontario (University of Western Ontario)
- Regis College, Toronto, Ontario (University of Toronto)
- Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Ontario (University of Ottawa)
- St. Jerome's University, Waterloo, Ontario (University of Waterloo)
- St. Joseph's College, Edmonton, Alberta (University of Alberta)
- St. Mark's College, Vancouver, British Columbia (University of British Columbia)
- St. Michael's College, Toronto, Ontario (University of Toronto)
- St. Paul's College, Fort Garry, Manitoba (University of Manitoba)
- St. Thomas More College, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
- Université de Saint-Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba (University of Manitoba)
Private Catholic universities
Chile
- Academy of Christian Humanism University, Santiago
- Alberto Hurtado University, Santiago
- Catholic University of the Holy Conception, Concepcion
- Catholic University of the Maule, Talca
- Catholic University of the North, Antofagasta
- Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago
- Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso, Valparaiso
- Silva Henríquez Catholic University, Santiago
- Temuco Catholic University, Temuco
- Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago
- Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago & many campuses
- University of the Andes, Chile, Santiago
Colombia
- Augustinian University (Uniagustiniana), Bogota
- Catholic University of Colombia, Bogota
- Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas
- Del Rosario University, Bogota; f.1653
- Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium, Cali
- La Salle University, Colombia, Bogota
- Luis Amigó Catholic University, Medellin
- Minuto de Dios University Corporation, Bogota
- Pontifical Bolivarian University, Medellin
- Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogota
- Saint Martin University, Bogota
- Saint Thomas Aquinas University, Bogota
- Sergio Arboleda University, Bogota
- Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales
- Universidad Católica da Pereira, Pereira
- Universidad Católica de Oriente, Rionegro (near Medellin)
- Universidad CESMAG, San Juan de Pasto
- Universidad de San Buenaventura, 4 campuses(including Bogota)
- Universidad Mariana, Pasto
- University of La Sabana, Chía
Congo, Democratic Republic of
- Académie des Beaux-Arts, Kinshasa
- Catholic University of Graben, Butembo
- Loyola University of Congo, Kinshasa
- Marist University of Congo, Kisangani
- Mazenod University (Université De Mazenod), Kinshasa
- Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu
- Université Catholique du Congo, Kinshasa
- Université Catholique la Sapientia de Goma, Goma
- Université de l'Assomption, Butembo
- Université de l'Uélé, Isiro
- Université Notre Dame du Kasayi, Kananga
- University of Cardinal Malula, Kinshasa
Congo, Republic of
Costa Rica
- Universidad Católica de Costa Rica, San José; f.1993
- Universidad de La Salle, San José; f.1994
- Universidad Juan Pablo II, San José; f.1996
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Dominican Republic
East Timor
Ecuador
El Salvador
Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Catholic University - La Salle (ECUL), Addis Ababa
- Ethiopian Catholic University of St. Thomas Aquinas (ECUSTA), Addis Ababa
France
- Catholic Institute of Higher Studies - ICES (Institut Catholique d'Etudes Supérieures), La Roche-sur-Yon
- Catholic University of Lyon, Lyon
- Catholic University of Rennes, Rennes
- Catholic University of the West, Angers
- Centre Sèvres, Paris; Jesuit institution
- Chavagnes Studium, Chavagnes en Paillers; Anglophone Liberal Arts Centre
- Collège des Bernardins (Faculté Notre-Dame), Paris
- ECAM Rennes - Louis de Broglie, Bruz, near Rennes
- École catholique des arts et métiers (ECAM), Lyon
- École supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales (ESSEC Business School), Cergy-Pontoise
- Institut catholique d'arts et métiers (ICAM), Lille & 5 cities
- Institut Catholique de Paris, Paris
- Institut supérieur d'électronique de Paris, Paris
- Unilasalle (Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle), Beauvais & Rouen
- Université Catholique de Lille, Lille
- University of Strasbourg Faculty of Catholic Theology, Strasbourg
Georgia
Germany
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences Berlin (KHSB), Berlin
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg (KH Freiburg), Freiburg
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences Mainz (KH Mainz), Mainz
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences Munich (KSH München), Munich
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences North Rhine-Westphalia (KatHO NW), Cologne & Münster
- Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt & Ingolstadt
- Faculty of Roman-Catholic Theology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen
- Munich School of Philosophy, Munich
- Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology, Frankfurt
- University of Freiburg Faculty of Theology, Freiburg
Ghana
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
India
As of fall 2004 there are 291 catholic colleges and universities in India. Among them some are:
- Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur
- Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati
- Christ University, Bangalore
- De Paul Institute of Science & Technology (DIST), Angamaly
- Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai, Mumbai
- Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore
- Jesus and Mary College, New Delhi
- Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur
- Loyola College, Chennai, Chennai
- Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai
- Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Marthandam
- Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla
- Sathyabama University, Chennai
- St. Francis Institute of Technology, Mumbai
- St. John's Medical College, Bangalore
- St. Joseph University, Nagaland, Dimapur
- St. Joseph's College, Bangalore, Bangalore
- St. Xavier's College, Calcutta, Kolkata; f.1860
- St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, Mumbai; f.1869
- St. Xavier's University, Kolkata, Kolkata
- Xavier Institute of Engineering, Mumbai
- XIM University, Bhubaneswar
Indonesia
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta; 8 schools including School of Medicine
- Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung; f.1955, oldest Catholic University in Indonesia
- Catholic University of Saint Thomas, Medan
- De La Salle Catholic University, Manado, Manado
- Mechatronics Polytechnic of Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
- Polytechnic ATMI Surakarta, Surakarta
- Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta
- Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Pineleng, Manado
- Soegijapranata Catholic University (Unika Soegijapranata), Semarang
- Universitas Atma Jaya Makassar, Makassar
- Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta
- Widya Karya Catholic University, Malang
- Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya
- Widya Mandira Catholic University, Kupang
Iraq
Ireland
- a college of the University of Limerick
Israel
Italy
See also Vatican
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
Jamaica
Japan
- Elisabeth University of Music, Hiroshima
- Fuji Women's University, Sapporo
- Kagoshima Immaculate Heart University, Satsumasendai
- Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto
- Nagasaki Junshin Catholic University, Nagasaki
- Nanzan University, Nagoya
- Notre Dame Seishin University, Okayama
- St. Catherine University, Matsuyama
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
- St. Mary's College (Japan), Kurume
- St. Thomas University, Japan, Amagasaki
- Seisen Jogakuin College, Nagano
- Seisen University, Tokyo
- Sendai Shirayuri Women's College, Sendai
- Shirayuri University, Tokyo
- Sophia University, Tokyo
- Tenshi College, Sapporo
- Tokyo Junshin University, Tokyo
- University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo
Jordan
Kenya
Korea
- Catholic Kkottongnae University, Cheongju
- Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung
- Catholic Sangji College, Andong
- Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu
- Catholic University of Pusan, Pusan
- Daejeon Catholic University, Sejong City
- Gwangju Catholic University, Naju
- Incheon Catholic University, Incheon
- Mokpo Catholic University, Mokpo
- Sogang University, Seoul
- Suwon Catholic University, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul & Bucheon
Lebanon
Liberia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Madagascar
Malawi
Malta
Mexico
- Ateneo de Monterrey University, Monterrey
- Ibero-American University of Torreón, Torreón
- Ibero-American University Tijuana, Tijuana
- Intercultural Institute of Ayuuk, Oaxaca
- ITESO, Guadalajara; Jesuit university
- Loyola University of the Pacific, Acapulco
- Marist University of Querétaro, Querétaro
- Montolinia del Pedregal University, Ciudad de México
- Pontifical University of Mexico, Ciudad de México
- Simón Bolívar University (Mexico), Ciudad de México
- Tamaulipas Institute of Higher Education, Altamira
- Universidad Anáhuac Cancún, Cancún
- Universidad Anáhuac del Sur, Ciudad de México
- Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida
- Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan
- Universidad Anahuac Oaxaca, Oaxaca
- Universidad Anáhuac San Andrés Cholula, Puebla
- Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara
- Universidad Bonaterra, Aguascalientes
- Universidad Catolica Lumen Gentium, Ciudad de Mexico
- Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey
- Universidad del Valle, Ciudad de México
- Universidad del Valle de Atemajac, Zapopan
- , Ciudad de México
- Universidad Iberoamericana León, León
- Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla, San Andrés Cholula
- Universidad Incarnate Word, Ciudad de Mexico & Irapuato
- Universidad Intercontinental, Ciudad de México
- Universidad La Salle, Ciudad de México
- Universidad La Salle Chihuahua (La Salle University of Chihuahua), Chihuahua
- Universidad La Salle Noroeste, Ciudad Obregón
- Universidad La Salle Saltillo, Saltillo
- Universidad La Salle Victoria, Ciudad Victoria
- Universidad La Salle Laguna, Gómez Palacio
- Universidad La Salle Cuernavaca, Cuernavaca
- Universidad La Salle Pachuca, Pachuca
- Universidad La Salle Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán
- Universidad La Salle Benavente, Puebla
- Universidad La Salle Bajío, León - Celaya - San Francisco del Rincon
- Universidad La Salle Nezahuelcóyotl, Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl
- Universidad La Salle Morelia, Morelia
- Universidad La Salle Cancún, Cancún
- Universidad Panamericana, Ciudad de México
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla City
- Universidad Salesiana México, Ciudad de México
- Vasco de Quiroga University, Morelia
Montenegro
- Pontifical Catholic University of Montenegro, Kotor
Mozambique
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
- Augustine University Ilara, Epe
- Ave Maria University, Piyanko, Nasarawa State
- Caritas University, Amorji-Nike
- Catholic Institute of West Africa, Port Harcourt
- Catholic University of Nigeria (Veritas University), Abuja
- Dominican University Ibadan, Ibadan
- Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu
- Gregory University, Uturu
- Madonna University, Ihiala
- Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology, Enugu
- Pan-Atlantic University, Lagos
- Spiritan University, Umunneochi
Pakistan
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
See main article: List of Catholic universities and colleges in the Philippines.
There are more than 40 universities — besides many colleges — in the Philippine Catholic Church. Among these, some universities are:
- Adamson University, Manila
- Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City
- Ateneo de Davao University, Davao City
- Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City
- Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Zamboanga City
- De La Salle Araneta University, Malabon
- De La Salle University, Manila
- De La Salle University – Dasmariñas, Cavite
- Holy Angel University, Angeles City
- La Salle University, Ozamiz
- Saint Louis University (Philippines), Baguio City
- St. Paul University Manila, Manila
- St. Paul University Quezon City, Quezon City
- University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao, Cagayan
- University of Santo Tomas, Manila
- University of Santo Tomas - Legazpi, Albay
Poland
cf. In Poland also work faculties of theology in some public universities.
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Rwanda
- Catholic University of Rwanda, Butare
- Université Catholique de Kabgayi, Muhanga
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Sudan
Spain
- Abat Oliba CEU University, Barcelona
- Catholic University of Ávila, Avila
- CEU San Pablo University, Madrid
- Chemical Institute of Sarrià, Barcelona
- Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid
- ESADE, Barcelona
- Fernando III University, Seville
- Holy Family University Center, Úbeda
- IESE Business School, Barcelona
- International University of Catalonia, Barcelona
- Loyola University Andalusia, Córdoba and Seville
- Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca
- Ramon Llull University, Barcelona
- Real Centro Universitario Escorial-Maria Christina, San Lorenzo de El Escorial
- Saint Louis University Madrid Campus, Madrid
- San Damaso Ecclesiastical University, Madrid
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia
- Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid
- Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego
- University of Agricultural Engineering, Valladolid
- University of Deusto, Bilbao
- University of Navarra, Pamplona
- Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr, Valencia
- Villanueva University, Madrid
Sri Lanka
Sudan
- Comboni College for Science and Technology, Khartoum
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
- Permanent private hall of University of Oxford
- Permanent private hall of University of Oxford
United States
See main article: List of Catholic universities and colleges in the United States. There are 244 Catholic higher education degree-granting institutions in the United States.[5] Among the most well known are:
- Ave Maria University, Ave Maria, Florida
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
- DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Fordham University, New York City, New York
- Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, Ohio
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington
- Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA
- Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Saint Michael's College, Colchester, Vermont
- Saint John's University, Queens, New York
- Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California
- Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey
- Thomas Aquinas College, Santa Paula, California
- University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio
- University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas
- University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- University of San Diego, San Diego, California
- University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- University of St. Thomas (Minnesota), St. Paul, Minnesota
- Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania
- Wyoming Catholic College, Lander, Wyoming
- Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio
Uruguay
Vatican
See main article: List of universities in Vatican City.
- Redemptorists
- Claretians
- Servite Order
- Augustinians
- Legionaries of Christ
- Jesuits
- White Fathers
- Jesuits
- Carmelites
- Jesuits
- Diocese of Rome
- Franciscans
- Opus Dei
- Conventual Franciscans
- Dominicans
- Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
- Benedictines
- Salesians
Venezuela
Vietnam
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Academic rankings
Some of the universities, including Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, are ranked in the top list of universities according to the Times Higher Education journal.[6] There is so far no list of academic rankings of Catholic universities. In the United States, U.S. News & World Report magazine provides the Best Colleges ranking; University of Notre Dame, Georgetown University, and Boston College have been scored as top Catholic national universities.
Notes and References
- Order of Preachers .
- Web site: Sophia University . 2010-10-31 . 2017-06-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170625114929/http://www.sophia.ac.jp/eng/aboutsophia/mission/jesuiteducational . dead .
- International Federation of Catholic Universities, About, fiuc.org, France, retrieved November 2, 2023
- International Federation of Catholic Universities, About, fiuc.org, France, retrieved November 2, 2023
- Web site: Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities . 2010-10-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723203258/http://www.accunet.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3489 . 2011-07-23 . dead .
- http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2010-2011/top-200.html "The University Rankings 2010"