| Yekaterina Rostopchina | |
| Birth Name: | Yekaterina Petrovna Protasova |
| Birth Date: | 1776 |
| Death Date: | 14 September 1859 (aged 83) |
| Death Place: | Moscow, Russia |
| Nationality: | Russian |
| Occupation: | Writer, aristocrat |
| Known For: | Being the wife of the governor-general of Moscow |
| Spouse: | Fyodor Rostopchin |
Countess Yekaterina Petrovna Rostopchina (Russian: Екатерина Петровна Ростопчина; 1776 – 14 September 1859) was a Russian aristocrat and writer. She was married to Fyodor Rostopchin, who served as governor of Moscow during the French Invasion of Russia.
Yekaterina was the second of five daughters born to Senator Lieutenant General Pyotr S. Protasov (d. 1794) and his wife Alexandra Ivanovna (d. 1782). She had four sisters:
Yekaterina and her sisters were orphaned at an early age. They were raised by their aunt, Anna Stepanovna Protasova, who was a lady-in-waiting and a personal friend of Empress Catherine the Great. Protasova ensured that her nieces received an excellent education, most notably in foreign languages, including Latin, Greek but neglecting Russian. They were also not so well educated in Russian history and religion. At the time of Alexander I's coronation, each of the unmarried sisters received the title of countess at their aunt's request.
Yekaterina was tall, attractive, and had an expressive face with lively black eyes. However, she was considered reserved and unsociable.
Yekaterina was granted the title maid of honour in 1791. She married Count Fyodor Vasilievich Rostopchin, who appreciated her serious nature, in early 1794. The couple had four sons and four daughters and had a happy marriage until Yekaterina's conversion to Catholicism.
Being a freethinker with little knowledge of the Russian Eastern Orthodox faith, Yekaterina, along with her sisters, converted to Roman Catholicism. That conversion destroyed the family's happiness. Her husband was the mayor of the city during the Fire of Moscow, and his wife, being a zealous Catholic, was to be invidiously portrayed as an enthroned mistress.
In 1814, Rostopchin resigned as mayor, and the couple moved to Germany and then to France. After their return to Moscow, in 1824, their 18-year-old daughter, Yelizaveta, Rostopchin's favourite, died in early March the next year. Yelizaveta had converted to Catholicism before her death; on his daughter's conversion, Rostopchin wrote, "Under the circumstances, suggests a direct effect of mother". The blow of his daughter's conversion broke him, and he died in 1826. Rostopchin left orders before his death for Yekaterina to be removed from supervising the education of their young son Andrei, and from the administration of his estate. Yekaterina was not present at her husband's funeral, and lived alone after he died.
In 1826, the same year as her husband's death, Yekaterina published excerpts of Metropolitan Philaret Drozdov's defence of Catholic doctrine, which caused a fair amount of controversy. In 1833, she conducted an investigation regarding the information, that there were in the abbey of Rostopchina Borzhua priest's vestments at the altar of the church village of Raven. She inherited the legacy of her husband. She raised 12 girls, not her own, aged 7–14, all of them French and German. Subsequently, Voronov was admitted into the Catholic Church.
Over the course of time, her Catholicism only reinforced her reserved nature. In the summer, she lived in a house left to her by her husband, in the abandoned village of Raven. In the winter, she lived in an old house on Basmannaya Street, surrounded by French women and Catholic catechists, and used it for the support of Catholics in the area. However, almost no one in the house went to Mass, but they drew and also read spiritual books.
Yekaterina died on 14 September 1859 at the age of 83. She was buried in a Catholic cemetery in the mountains of Vvedensky, near Moscow.