| Caterina Tarongí i Tarongí | |
| Birth Date: | 1646 |
| Birth Place: | Palma, Balearic Islands |
| Death Date: | 6 May 1691 |
| Death Place: | Palma, Balearic Islands |
| Other Names: | Catalina Tarongí |
| Known For: | Being burned alive by the Spanish Inquisition |
Caterina Tarongi i Tarongi (1646, Palma – May 6, 1691) was a Jewish woman burned alive by the Spanish Inquisition.[1]
She was born in Palma, the capital of the then Kingdom of Majorca (which recovered its Roman name Palma in 1715).
She was the daughter of Rafel Josep Felós Tarongí i Aguiló, and Francina Tarongi i Martí. She was the wife of Guillem Morro Tarongi Fès. Caterina's parents had seven children in total: Caterina, Isabel, Margalida, Francina, Francesc Guillem and Rafel.
Between 1677 and 1678, 237 xuetas were imprisoned for celebrating Yom Kippur in the orchards of Pere Onofre Moixina Cortès, after being denounced by Rafel Cortès d'Alfons;[2] among the prisoners of the so-called "Conspiracy of 1678", were all the members of the Tarongí family, who were imprisoned and put on trial by the Inquisition. All the family assets were seized and everyone went away with several light sentences.[3]
Just after the autos-da-fé of 1678, the two oldest siblings of Caterina, Francesc and Guillem, managed to flee the island and arrived in Alexandria (Egypt), where they openly returned to Judaism, taking back their jewish names, David and Salomón, respectively.
On the afternoon of Sunday March 7, 1688, a group of xueta (Majorcan Jewish) families from Palma tried to flee the island on an English ship, but the vessel failed to set sail and they returned to their homes; however, they were discovered by Mallorcan Catholics, and as a result they were quickly imprisoned.
Unlike the captured during the "Conspiracy of 1678", almost all the conversos were declared Jews and they refused to repent of their intention to return to Judaism in the countries where it was permitted. The trials were conducted during three years. In 1688, apparently because of the tortures that were applied on them, her parents and her sister Francina died.
In 1691, the Spanish Inquisition held autos-da-fé in which a total of 37 Majorcan Crypto-Jews were killed, out of a total of 82 that were processed by the Balearic inquisitorial court:[4] [5]
Caterina Tarongí was burned alive in the auto-da-fé on 6 May 1691.[7] [8] It is said that the inquisitors were impressed not only with her beauty, but her determination in not abjuring her beliefs, even defiantly, which they attributed to the "diabolic qualities" she possessed.[9] Her auto-da-fé was witnessed by about thirty thousand people.[10]
There is a detailed account of the burnings and also of Caterina Tarongi and her brother Rafel in the book La fe triunfante, written by the Jesuit priest Francesc Garau:[11]
They walked from where nowadays the Parliament of the Balearic Islands is located to Hoguera de los Judíos (the "bonfire of the Jews"), near Gomila Square.
The three of them, Rafael Valls and the two Tarongí siblings, have been commemorated as martyrs and heroes in ballads that balearic islanders have sung until recently.[12] Kayserling (p. 184) cites the following stanzas, sung by the islanders:
En Valls duia sa banderai en Tarongí es penó,amb sos xuetes darreraque feien sa processó. Com es foc li va arribara ses rues des calçonsli deia «Felet, no't donsque ta carn no es cremarà».
I venia gent d'Eivissa,pagesos d'Artà, d'Andratx,perque el dia sis de maigferen sa socorradissa.
Valls carried the flagand Tarongí the bannerwith all the Xuetes behind themwho were making the procession. When the fire came to the wrinkles of her clothesshe said: "Felet, do not give up,because your flesh will not be burned".
And people came from Ibizapeasants from Artá and Andratx,because the sixth of de Maythey made the burning.
The term "Felet, no't dons" used by Caterina Tarongí to encourage her brother, aged 21, not to surrender to the threats of the inquisitors, is still used in Majorca when referring to a stubborn person.
On May 5, 2011, an official event was held at Consolat de Mar in memory of the burning of 1691, with the attendance of Francesc Antich, president of the Government of the Balearic Islands; Rabbi Nissan ben Avraham, descendant of the Tarongí family, and Rabbi José Wallis, descendant of Rafael Valls.[13] [14] The event was the first ever organized by a regional government in Spain to honor the victims of the Spanish Inquisition.