Fighter catapult ship explained

Fighter catapult ships (FCS) also known as Catapult Armed Ships were an attempt by the Royal Navy to provide air cover at sea. Five ships were acquired and commissioned as Naval vessels early in the Second World War, and these were used to accompany convoys. The concept was extended to merchant ships which were also equipped with rocket-assisted launch systems and known as Catapult Aircraft Merchantmen (CAM ships). Both classes could launch a disposable fighter (usually a Hawker Hurricane) to fight off a threat, with the pilot expected to be rescued after either ditching the aircraft or bailing out close to the launching ship.

The ships

There were five fighter catapult ships, collectively known as the Pegasus class. Two, Patia and Springbank, were lost during the war. They were each equipped with a single Fairey Fulmar or "Hurricat" (an adapted Hawker Hurricane Mk.1A).

Ship	Launched	Converted	Notes
	1926^[1]	1940	Former ocean boarding vessel, converted to a catapult ship in 1940, war service in the Atlantic^[2] after being damaged repaired in 1943 and returned to merchant use.
		1940	Former ocean boarding vessel. Maplin saw war service in the Atlantic in 1940. She was a training ship from 1941 to 1944, in reserve from September 1944 and subsequently an accommodation ship. Maplins war service was focused on Atlantic convoys and her "Hurricat" was the first to destroy an enemy aircraft, a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 in August 1941. The pilot was Robert W H Everett of 804 Naval Air Squadron.^[3] ^[4]
	1922	1941	Former ocean boarding vessel. Lost 1941^[5] ^[6] Foundered after bombing attack
Pegasus	1914	1940	Commissioned as seaplane carrier in 1914, renamed Pegasus in 1934. Used as seaplane training vessel until converted, returned to training in 1941^[7] ^[8]
Springbank	1926	1940	Cargo ship converted to auxiliary anti-aircraft cruiser then to catapult ship. Torpedoed by U-201 on 27 September 1941 and sunk by HMS Jasmine.^[9] ^[10]

FCS combat launches

Date	Ship/convoy	Pilot	Outcome
18 July 1941			Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor was shot down by a ship's anti-aircraft guns, just as the Hurricane pilot was about to attack. Everett flew to Northern Ireland and landed at RAF St Angelo.^[11]
3 Aug 1941	/ OG 17		Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor shot down; pilot recovered by a destroyer^[12]

See also

• List of ships of the Second World War
• List of aircraft carriers of the Second World War
• Merchant aircraft carrier
• Aircraft cruiser
• CAM ship

References

Sources

• Book: Barker , Ralph . 1978 . The Hurricats . Pelham Books . London . 0-7207-0994-6.
• Pauly . John . Truebe . Carl E. . Wilde . Doug . Wilterding . John H.. Question 14/48: Catapult Armed Merchant Ships . Warship International. 2012. XLIX. 2. 160–170. 0043-0374 . amp.

Notes and References

1. Web site: HMS Ariguani (F 105) (British Fighter catapult ship) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII - uboat.net. www.uboat.net.
2. Web site: HMS Ariguani . Fleet Air Arm Archive . 23 February 2001 . 26 October 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211025/http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/Ships/ariguani.html . 3 March 2016 . usurped .
3. Web site: HMS Maplin . Fleet Air Arm Archive . 23 February 2001 . 26 October 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100619111042/http://fleetairarmarchive.net/Ships/Maplin.html . 19 June 2010 . usurped .
4. Web site: 804 Squadron . Fleet Air Arm Archive . 2001 . 28 October 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090925100039/http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/squadrons/804.html . 25 September 2009 . usurped .
5. Web site: Smith . Gordon . Major British Warship Losses in World War 2 . naval-history.net . 8 April 2009 . 27 October 2009 .
6. Web site: HMS Patia . Fleet Air Arm Archive . 23 February 2001 . 26 October 2009 . 19 June 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100619115019/http://fleetairarmarchive.net/Ships/Patia.html . usurped .
7. Web site: HMS Pegasus . Fleet Air Arm Archive . 23 February 2001 . 26 October 2009 . 19 June 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100619105841/http://fleetairarmarchive.net/Ships/Pegasus.html . usurped .
8. Web site: Payne . Alan . The Catapult Fighters . 31 December 1975 . 27 October 2009 .
9. Web site: HMS Springbank . Fleet Air Arm Archive . 23 February 2001 . 26 October 2009 . 19 June 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100619112327/http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/Ships/SPRINGBANK.html . usurped .
10. Web site: Gregory . Mackenzie J . The Development of the Catapult Armed Merchantman (CAM Ships.) - HMS Springbank . Ahoy - Mac's Web Log - Naval, Maritime, Australian History and more . The Naval Historical Society of Australia, Inc . 1984. 2009 . 27 October 2009 .
11. Barker (2019) p.45
12. Web site: The first Condor shot down by a Hurricat. World War II Today. 2016-02-25. 15 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131215215821/http://ww2today.com/3rd-august-1941-the-first-condor-shot-down-by-a-hurricat. dead.