Castros in Portugal explained

A castro is a fortified settlement, usually pre-Roman, associated with the Celtic culture. These are frequently found in Portugal, usually in the North, but can also be found elsewhere. The word castro comes from the Latin castrum, which means "hill fort". The first Castros where just small residences with rudimentary stone walls.

Northwestern Castro Network

The Northwestern Castro Network (Rede de Castros do Noroeste), was established in 2015 grouping the most important sites in Northern Portugal as founding members out of 2,000 archaeological sites:

Despite its name, the network includes, for the time being, only Portuguese partners, and froze the idea to world heritage candidacy to UNESCO, given the disparities in archaeological research, and the necessity to create visitation and promotion conditions. This is especially true in the municipality of Vila do Conde, which holds Cividade de Bagunte, one of the largest sites, along with seven other castros. The Vila do Conde city hall managed to obtain its Cividade's land area only in 2015, after 60 years of negotiations and legal confrontation.[1]

Lists of Castros in Portugal

!Name!Municipality!Region!Initial occupation period!Last occupation period
Citânia de BriteirosGuimarãesNorthAtlantic Bronze Age[2] High Middle Ages
Citânia de SanfinsPaços de FerreiraNorthIron Age[3] Middle Ages
Citânia de Santa LuziaViana do casteloNorthIron Age[4] Modern
Cividade de ÂncoraCaminhaNorth
Cividade de BagunteVila do CondeNorth
Cividade de TerrosoPóvoa de VarzimNorthBronze Age[5] Classical antiquity[6]
Castro de AlvarelhosTrofaNorth
Castro de Castelo VelhoAlandroalAlentejoChalcolithicEarly Middle Ages
Castro de CarmonaBarcelosNorth
Castro de ChibanesPalmelaLisboaChalcolithic[7] Early Middle Ages[8]
Castro de CidadelheMesão FrioNorth
Castro da ColaOuriqueAlentejo
Castro de EirasVila Nova de FamalicãoNorth
Castro de LeceiaOeirasLisboaFinal Neolithic[9] Chalcolithic
Castro de Monte CasteloMatosinhosNorthChalcolithic
Castro de Monte MozinhoPenafielNorth
Castro de Monte ValinhasAroucaNorth
Castro de SacóiasBragançaNorth
Castro de São JuliãoVila VerdeNorth
Castro de São LourençoEsposendeNorth
Castro of VieitoViana do CasteloNorthClassical antiquity[10] Classical antiquity
Castro de Vila Nova de São PedroAzambujaAlentejoChalcolithic[11]
Castro de ZambujalTorres VedrasCenterChalcolithic[12]
Cabeço do VougaÁguedaCenterIron Age[13]
Castro de ConímbrigaCondeixa-a-NovaCenterBronze AgeEarly Middle Ages
Castle of GeraldoÉvoraAlentejoBronze AgeMiddle Ages
Outeiro de BaiõesSão Pedro do SulCenter
Outeiro de CárcodaSão Pedro do SulCenter
Outeiro CarvalhelhosBoticasNorth
Outeiro LesenhoBoticasNorth
Outeiro do PópuloAlijóNorth
Outeiro de RomarizSanta Maria da FeiraNorth

See also

References

  1. Web site: Região Norte quer valorizar património castrejo. 12 March 2015 . June 14, 2016. CMPV. pt.
  2. Francisco Sande Lemos & Gonçalo Correida da Cruz (2007)
  3. Silva. Armando. Centeno. Rui. 2014. Escavações arqueológicas na Citânia de Sanfins (Paços de Ferreira): 1977-1978. Portugália.
  4. Web site: DGPC Pesquisa Geral. 2020-08-06. www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt.
  5. Flores Gomes, José Manuel & Carneiro, Deolinda: Subtus Montis Terroso. CMPV (2005), "Cultura castreja - A Cividade de Terroso", pp.97-131
  6. Flores Gomes, José Manuel & Carneiro, Deolinda: Subtus Montis Terroso CMPV (2005), "Origens do Povoamento" pp.74-76
  7. Pereira. Vera. Soares. Joaquina. Tavares da Silva. Carlos. 2017. Understanding the First Chalcolithic Communities of Estremadura: Zooarchaeology of Castro de Chibanes, Portugal. Preliminary Results. Papers from the Institute of Archaeology. 27. 10.5334/pia-483. free. 10451/30544. free.
  8. Web site: Castro de Chibanes. 10 May 2019. Palmela Municipality.
  9. Web site: DGPC Pesquisa Geral. 2020-08-24. www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt.
  10. António José Marques da Silva (20 April 2012), p.1
  11. Web site: Martins. A.. 2011. IGESPAR. Castro de Vila Nova de São Pedro. dead. https://archive.today/20130416102241/http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/70496/. 16 April 2013. 17 October 2011. Lisbon, Portugal. pt.
  12. Monumento pré-histórico no Casal do Zambujal / Castro do Zambujal (v.PT031113130010). Noé. Paula. Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico (SIPA). pt. 20 April 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20140329112328/http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=6349. 29 March 2014. Lisbon, Portugal. 1991. dead.
  13. Web site: Estação arqueológica do Cabeço do Vouga. 8 August 2014. igespar.pt. Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico. pt.