Castellón (Corts Valencianes constituency) explained
Castellón (Catalan; Valencian: Castelló) is one of the three constituencies (Spanish; Castilian: circunscripciones) represented in the Corts Valencianes, the regional legislature of the Valencian Community. The constituency currently elects 24 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Castellón. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of five percent regionally.
Electoral system
The constituency was created as per the Statute of Autonomy of the Valencian Community of 1982 and was first contested in the 1983 regional election. The Statute provided for the three provinces in the Valencian Community—Alicante, Castellón and Valencia—to be established as multi-member districts in the Corts Valencianes, with this regulation being maintained under the 1987 regional electoral law. Each constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of 20 seats, with the remaining 39—29 until 2007—being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the seat-to-population ratio in any given province did not exceed three times that of any other). The exception was the 1983 election, when each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 29 for Alicante, 25 for Castellón and 35 for Valencia.[2] [3]
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen, registered in the Valencian Community and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Valencians abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish; Castilian: Voto rogado) which was abolished in 2022.[4] [5] Seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of five percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied regionally. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution.[2] [3]
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[3] [6] [7]
Deputies
Elections
2023 regional election
Summary of the 28 May 2023 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 104,023 | 35.99 | +14.47 | 10 | +5 |
| Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV–PSOE) | 87,364 | 30.22 | +2.63 | 8 | +1 |
| Commitment Més–Initiative–Greens Equo (Compromís)
| 37,825 | 13.09 | –1.34 | 3 | –1 |
| Vox (Vox) | 37,775 | 13.07 | +2.60 | 3 | +1 |
| United We Can–United Left (Unides Podem–EUPV) | 9,328 | 3.23 | –4.55 | 0 | –2 |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (CS) | 4,005 | 1.39 | –13.74 | 0 | –4 |
| Centered in Our Land (Centrats) | 1,326 | 0.46 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 896 | 0.31 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 638 | 0.22 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| United Coalition (Units) | 442 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) | 409 | 0.14 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Alliance for the Commerce and Housing (AlianzaCV) | 280 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Republic–European Valencianist Party (RV–PVE) | 272 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Decide (Decidix) | 233 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 4,251 | 1.47 | +0.58 | |
|
| Total | 289,067 | | 24 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 289,067 | 98.53 | +0.14 | |
| Invalid votes | 4,301 | 1.47 | –0.14 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 293,368 | 68.18 | –6.92 |
| Abstentions | 136,940 | 31.82 | +6.92 |
| Registered voters | 430,308 | |
|
| Sources[8] | |
2019 regional election
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV–PSOE) | 85,584 | 27.59 | +3.61 | 7 | +1 |
| People's Party (PP) | 66,733 | 21.52 | –8.02 | 5 | –3 |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) | 46,941 | 15.13 | +4.06 | 4 | +1 |
| Commitment Bloc–Initiative–Greens Equo (Compromís)
| 44,748 | 14.43 | +0.12 | 4 | ±0 |
| Vox (Vox) | 32,461 | 10.47 | +10.12 | 2 | +2 |
| United We Can–United Left (Unides Podem–EUPV)1 | 24,140 | 7.78 | –6.93 | 2 | –1 |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 3,604 | 1.16 | +0.59 | 0 | ±0 |
| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 1,097 | 0.35 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Forward–The Eco-pacifist Greens (Avant/Adelante–LVEP) | 784 | 0.25 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 576 | 0.19 | +0.08 | 0 | ±0 |
| Democratic People (Poble) | 428 | 0.14 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 300 | 0.10 | –0.05 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 2,764 | 0.89 | –0.58 | |
|
| Total | 310,167 | | 24 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 310,167 | 98.39 | –0.03 | |
| Invalid votes | 5,077 | 1.61 | +0.03 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 315,244 | 75.10 | +4.02 |
| Abstentions | 104,527 | 24.90 | –4.02 |
| Registered voters | 419,771 | |
|
| Sources[9] |
| |
2015 regional election
Summary of the 24 May 2015 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 86,136 | 29.54 | –18.52 | 8 | –5 |
| Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV–PSOE) | 69,913 | 23.98 | –7.03 | 6 | –3 |
| Commitment Coalition Bloc–Initiative–Greens (Compromís)
| 41,710 | 14.31 | +7.57 | 4 | +3 |
| We Can (Podemos/Podem) | 33,680 | 11.55 | New | 3 | +3 |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 32,274 | 11.07 | New | 3 | +3 |
| Citizen Agreement (EUPV–EV–ERPV–AS)1 | 9,207 | 3.16 | –3.90 | 0 | –1 |
| Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD) | 2,510 | 0.86 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 2,277 | 0.78 | –1.13 | 0 | ±0 |
| Let's Win Valencian Country (Ganemos) | 2,147 | 0.74 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 1,662 | 0.57 | +0.24 | 0 | ±0 |
| Spain 2000 (E–2000) | 1,557 | 0.53 | –0.49 | 0 | ±0 |
| The Greens–The Ecologist Alternative (EV–AE) | 1,149 | 0.39 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Vox (Vox) | 1,015 | 0.35 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| We Are Valencian (SOMVAL) | 443 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 426 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 330 | 0.11 | –0.07 | 0 | ±0 |
| The National Coalition (LCN) | 286 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Together (Junts) | 272 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) | 219 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Democratic Forum (FDEE) | 88 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 4,274 | 1.47 | –1.34 | |
|
| Total | 291,575 | | 24 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 291,575 | 98.42 | +0.48 | |
| Invalid votes | 4,670 | 1.58 | –0.48 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 296,245 | 71.08 | +1.15 |
| Abstentions | 120,559 | 28.92 | –1.15 |
| Registered voters | 416,804 | |
|
| Sources[10] |
| |
2011 regional election
Summary of the 22 May 2011 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 136,353 | 48.06 | –1.25 | 13 | +1 |
| Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV–PSOE) | 87,983 | 31.01 | –6.99 | 9 | –1 |
| Bloc–Initiative–Greens: Commitment Coalition (Compromís)1 | 19,115 | 6.74 | n/a | 1 | ±0 |
| United Left of the Valencian Country (EUPV)1 | 14,679 | 5.17 | n/a | 1 | ±0 |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 5,423 | 1.91 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Greens and Eco-pacifists (VyE) | 2,988 | 1.05 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Spain 2000 (E–2000) | 2,908 | 1.02 | +0.43 | 0 | ±0 |
| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 2,372 | 0.84 | +0.14 | 0 | ±0 |
| Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 931 | 0.33 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Coalition (CVa) | 827 | 0.29 | –0.28 | 0 | ±0 |
| National Democracy (DN) | 555 | 0.20 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 509 | 0.18 | +0.04 | 0 | ±0 |
| Liberal Democratic Centre (CDL) | 505 | 0.18 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Family and Life Party (PFyV) | 430 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| United for Valencia (UxV) | 189 | 0.07 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 7,972 | 2.81 | +1.19 | |
|
| Total | 283,739 | | 24 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 283,739 | 97.94 | –1.24 | |
| Invalid votes | 5,963 | 2.06 | +1.24 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 289,702 | 69.93 | –0.61 |
| Abstentions | 124,590 | 30.07 | +0.61 |
| Registered voters | 414,292 | |
|
| Sources[11] |
| |
2007 regional election
Summary of the 27 May 2007 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 140,982 | 49.31 | +1.16 | 12 | –1 |
| Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV–PSOE) | 108,653 | 38.00 | +1.51 | 10 | +1 |
| Commitment for the Valencian Country (Compromís PV)1 | 22,205 | 7.77 | –2.47 | 2 | +1 |
| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 1,944 | 0.68 | +0.21 | 0 | ±0 |
| Spain 2000 (E–2000) | 1,693 | 0.59 | +0.46 | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Coalition (CVa) | 1,638 | 0.57 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Union–The Eco-pacifist Greens (UV–LVEP) | 1,570 | 0.55 | –1.47 | 0 | ±0 |
| Social Democratic Party (PSD) | 1,314 | 0.46 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 386 | 0.14 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| Spanish Falange of the JONS (FE-JONS) | 320 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| United for Valencia (UxV) | 315 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Authentic Phalanx (FA) | 254 | 0.09 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 4,619 | 1.62 | –0.08 | |
|
| Total | 285,893 | | 24 | +1 |
|
| Valid votes | 285,893 | 99.18 | +0.02 | |
| Invalid votes | 2,376 | 0.82 | –0.02 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 288,269 | 70.54 | –2.22 |
| Abstentions | 120,401 | 29.46 | +2.22 |
| Registered voters | 408,670 | |
|
| Sources[12] [13] |
| |
2003 regional election
Summary of the 25 May 2003 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 139,118 | 48.15 | –1.15 | 13 | +1 |
| Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV–PSOE) | 105,447 | 36.49 | +1.92 | 9 | ±0 |
| Valencian Nationalist Bloc–Green Left (Bloc–EV) | 16,864 | 5.84 | +0.54 | 0 | ±0 |
| United Left–The Greens–Valencian Left: The Agreement (L'Entesa) | 12,707 | 4.40 | +0.23 | 1 | ±0 |
| Union–Valencian Union (UV) | 5,843 | 2.02 | –2.33 | 0 | ±0 |
| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 1,348 | 0.47 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Federal Republican Party (PRF) | 586 | 0.20 | +0.10 | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 442 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Spain 2000 (E–2000) | 384 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Regional Party of the Valencian Community (PRCV) | 360 | 0.12 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 336 | 0.12 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 301 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Authentic Phalanx (FA) | 288 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 4,920 | 1.70 | –0.16 | |
|
| Total | 288,944 | | 23 | +1 |
|
| Valid votes | 288,944 | 99.16 | +0.02 | |
| Invalid votes | 2,450 | 0.84 | –0.02 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 291,394 | 72.76 | +2.33 |
| Abstentions | 109,077 | 27.24 | –2.33 |
| Registered voters | 400,471 | |
|
| Sources[14] | |
1999 regional election
Summary of the 13 June 1999 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 132,300 | 49.30 | +3.69 | 12 | +1 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p) | 92,771 | 34.57 | –1.02 | 9 | +1 |
| Valencian Nationalist Bloc–The Greens (BNV–EV)1 | 14,220 | 5.30 | +1.10 | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Union (UV) | 11,681 | 4.35 | –0.01 | 0 | –1 |
| United Left of the Valencian Country (EUPV) | 11,186 | 4.17 | –4.03 | 1 | –1 |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 331 | 0.12 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 315 | 0.12 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) | 294 | 0.11 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| Federal Republican Left–Federal Republican Party (IRF–PRF) | 267 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 5,002 | 1.86 | +0.83 | |
|
| Total | 268,367 | | 22 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 268,367 | 99.14 | –0.26 | |
| Invalid votes | 2,315 | 0.86 | +0.26 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 270,682 | 70.43 | –5.86 |
| Abstentions | 113,653 | 29.57 | +5.86 |
| Registered voters | 384,335 | |
|
| Sources[15] |
| |
1995 regional election
Summary of the 28 May 1995 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| People's Party (PP) | 127,777 | 45.61 | +10.33 | 11 | +2 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 99,700 | 35.59 | –5.78 | 8 | –3 |
| United Left–The Greens (EU–EV)1 | 22,982 | 8.20 | +1.80 | 2 | +1 |
| Valencian Union–Independents–Centrists (UV–FICVA–CCV) | 12,218 | 4.36 | –0.84 | 1 | ±0 |
| Valencian People's Union–Nationalist Bloc (UPV–BN) | 11,754 | 4.20 | –0.72 | 0 | ±0 |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,075 | 0.38 | –4.32 | 0 | ±0 |
| Platform of Independents of Spain (PIE) | 574 | 0.20 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 413 | 0.15 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| Autonomist Republican Party (PRA) | 375 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV)2 | 277 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| United Alicante (AU) | 118 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 2,887 | 1.03 | –0.04 | |
|
| Total | 280,150 | | 22 | ±0 |
|
| Valid votes | 280,150 | 99.40 | +0.11 | |
| Invalid votes | 1,689 | 0.60 | –0.11 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 281,839 | 76.29 | +3.99 |
| Abstentions | 87,595 | 23.71 | –3.99 |
| Registered voters | 369,434 | |
|
| Sources[16] |
| |
1991 regional election
Summary of the 26 May 1991 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 103,069 | 41.37 | +0.44 | 11 | ±0 |
| People's Party (PP)1 | 87,908 | 35.28 | +2.83 | 9 | +1 |
| Valencian Union (UV) | 12,953 | 5.20 | +2.09 | 1 | +1 |
| Valencian People's Union (UPV)2 | 12,267 | 4.92 | n/a | 0 | ±0 |
| United Left of the Valencian Country (EUPV)2 | 11,964 | 4.80 | n/a | 1 | ±0 |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 11,715 | 4.70 | –6.81 | 0 | –3 |
| The Greens (LV) | 3,994 | 1.60 | +0.66 | 0 | ±0 |
| Socialist Democracy (DS) | 1,727 | 0.69 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 | 378 | 0.15 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| Left Platform (PCE (m–l)–CRPE) | 330 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Cantonalist Party of the Alicantine Country (Alicantón) | 166 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 2,674 | 1.07 | –0.19 | |
|
| Total | 249,145 | | 22 | –1 |
|
| Valid votes | 249,145 | 99.29 | +0.49 | |
| Invalid votes | 1,770 | 0.71 | –0.49 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 250,915 | 72.30 | –4.17 |
| Abstentions | 96,124 | 27.70 | +4.17 |
| Registered voters | 347,039 | |
|
| Sources[17] |
| |
1987 regional election
Summary of the 10 June 1987 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 102,082 | 40.93 | –8.16 | 11 | –3 |
| People's Alliance (AP)1 | 76,575 | 30.70 | n/a | 8 | +1 |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 28,711 | 11.51 | +9.50 | 3 | +3 |
| United Left–Valencian People's Union (IU–UPV)2 | 13,800 | 5.53 | –4.56 | 1 | ±0 |
| Valencian Union (UV)1 | 7,748 | 3.11 | n/a | 0 | –1 |
| Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC) | 6,256 | 2.51 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| People's Democratic Party–Valencian Centrists (PDP–CV)1 | 4,365 | 1.75 | n/a | 0 | –2 |
| The Greens (LV) | 2,354 | 0.94 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Electoral Coalition (CEV) | 2,295 | 0.92 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV–URV) | 464 | 0.19 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 436 | 0.17 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 428 | 0.17 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Humanist Platform (PH) | 400 | 0.16 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Republican Popular Unity (UPR) | 334 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 3,154 | 1.26 | +0.60 | |
|
| Total | 249,402 | | 23 | –2 |
|
| Valid votes | 249,402 | 98.80 | +0.02 | |
| Invalid votes | 3,025 | 1.20 | –0.02 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 252,427 | 76.47 | +1.67 |
| Abstentions | 77,669 | 23.53 | –1.67 |
| Registered voters | 330,096 | |
|
| Sources[18] |
| |
1983 regional election
Summary of the 8 May 1983 Corts Valencianes election results in Castellón| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|---|
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 117,019 | 49.09 | n/a | 14 | n/a |
| People's Coalition–Valencian Union (AP–PDP–UL–UV) | 81,303 | 34.11 | n/a | 10 | n/a |
| Communist Party of the Valencian Country (PCE–PCPV) | 13,364 | 5.61 | n/a | 1 | n/a |
| Valencian People's Union (UPV) | 10,687 | 4.48 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Liberal Democratic Party (PDL) | 9,617 | 4.03 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 4,799 | 2.01 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Blank ballots | 1,576 | 0.66 | n/a | |
|
| Total | 238,365 | | 25 | n/a |
|
| Valid votes | 238,365 | 98.78 | n/a | |
| Invalid votes | 2,950 | 1.22 | n/a |
| Votes cast / turnout | 241,315 | 74.80 | n/a |
| Abstentions | 81,299 | 25.20 | n/a |
| Registered voters | 322,614 | |
|
| Sources[19] | |
Notes and References
- Web site: Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. Población por provincias y por sexo . Spanish . ine.es . . 8 February 2020.
- Ley Orgánica 5/1982, de 1 de julio, de Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Valenciana . Organic Law . 1 . . Spanish . 1 July 1982 . 20 January 2020.
- Ley 1/1987, de 31 de marzo, Electoral Valenciana . Law . 2 . Boletín Oficial del Estado . Spanish . 31 March 1987 . 17 March 2017.
- Web site: Reig Pellicer . Naiara . 16 December 2015 . Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote . cafebabel.co.uk . 17 July 2017.
- News: Araque Conde . Pilar . 8 June 2022 . El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero . es . Público . Madrid . 31 July 2022.
- Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales . Royal Decree-Law . 20 . Boletín Oficial del Estado . Spanish . 18 March 1977 . 14 December 2019.
- Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General . Organic Law . 5 . Boletín Oficial del Estado . Spanish . 19 June 1985 . 30 January 2020.
- Diari Oficial de la Generalitat Valenciana. 9618. 15 June 2023. es. Publicación de los resultados finales y la relación de diputados y diputadas electos en las elecciones a Les Corts Valencianes celebradas el día 28 de mayo de 2023. 0212-8195. 37374–37376.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election results, 28 April 2019 . 7 May 2019 . Spanish . www.juntaelectoralcentral.es . Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community . 7 May 2019.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election results, 24 May 2015 . 9 June 2015 . Spanish . www.juntaelectoralcentral.es . Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election results, 22 May 2011 . 7 June 2011 . Spanish . www.juntaelectoralcentral.es . Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election, 2007. Castellón . Spanish . www.datoselecciones.com . Election Data . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election results, 27 May 2007 . 7 June 2007 . Spanish . www.juntaelectoralcentral.es . Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election results, 25 May 2003 . 12 August 2003 . Spanish . www.juntaelectoralcentral.es . Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election results, 13 June 1999 . 5 July 1999 . Spanish . www.juntaelectoralcentral.es . Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election results, 28 May 1995 . 22 June 1995 . Spanish . www.juntaelectoralcentral.es . Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election results, 26 May 1991 . 18 July 1991 . Spanish . www.juntaelectoralcentral.es . Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election, 1987. Castellón . Spanish . www.datoselecciones.com . Election Data . 30 September 2017.
- Web site: Corts Valencianes election, 1983. Castellón . Spanish . www.datoselecciones.com . Election Data . 30 September 2017.
