Case 143 Explained

Case 143
Cover:Stray Kids - Case 143 Japanese.png
Caption:Japanese version cover
Type:single
Artist:Stray Kids
Ep:Maxident
Released:October 7, 2022
Studio:
  • JYPE (Seoul)
  • Channie's "Room" (Seoul)
Genre:
  • Electrohop
  • pop
Length:3:12
Label:
Composer:
  • Bang Chan
  • Changbin
  • Han
  • Raphael
  • Daviid
  • Yosia
Lyricist:
  • Bang Chan
  • Changbin
  • Han
Prev Year:2022
Next Title:The Sound
Next Year:2023

"Case 143" is a song recorded by South Korean boy band Stray Kids and the lead single from the group's seventh extended play Maxident, which was released on October 7, 2022, through JYP Entertainment and Republic Records. Written by 3Racha, Raphael of Producing Lab, and Daviid and Yosia of 3scape, "Case 143" is an electrohop and pop track, likening the confusion one feels when falling in love to an unsolved "case", referencing the number 143, a code for "I love you". The accompanying music video, directed by 725, premiered on the same day. The Japanese version was released on December 15.

Background and release

On September 6, 2022, Stray Kids uploaded a trailer to announce that they would release the seventh EP Maxident.[1] The track listing of the EP was revealed on September 13, appearing "Case 143" as the first track and the lead single.[2] JYP Entertainment described that the track conveys a theme the group never do before as the lead single,[3] later confirmed that it is about love.[4] On September 17, the mashup video, providing sneak peeks of all the EP's tracks, including "Case 143", premiered at the "Seoul Special (Unveil 11) of Maniac World Tour.[5]

The first music video teaser for "Case 143" was uploaded on October 3, previewing the music video's worldview,[6] while the second on the 4th depicts parts of the song and performance.[7] The performance video was also teased on October 5.[8] Additionally snippet and choreography were revealed via TikTok on October 6, showing the members wearing SKZoo costumes.[9] "Case 143" was released alongside the EP and its accompanying music video on October 7.[10]

The Japanese version of "Case 143" first appeared on December 2 on the first line-up setlist of Music Station Ultra Super Live 2022, where Stray Kids would participate on December 23.[11] It was subsequently released on December 15 as a standalone digital single, before including on the group's debut Japanese-language studio albums The Sound, released on February 22, 2023.[12]

Composition

"Case 143" is three minutes and twelve seconds long and was written by Stray Kids' in-house production team 3Racha, Raphael from Producing Lab, and Daviid and Yosia from 3scape.[13] An electrohop[14] and pop track, "Case 143" compares confused minds when falling in love with a "case" and expresses emotions through the number 143, a code for "I love you".[15] The song was composed in the key of F♯ minor and 100 beats per minute. [16]

Critical reception

Writing for Teen Vogue, Crystal Bell praised "Case 143" as "full of surprises" and described it as "a love song for someone who gets easily distracted."[17] Bell also wrote for Paper that "This isn't some grand, romanticized love song. It's vibrant, witty, and structurally, a little odd. In other words, it's a Stray Kids song."[18] Rhian Daly of NME described the song that is "built around an ever-changing rush of sounds, some dark and ominous, others teetering and tumbling."[19] Idologys Squib stated that the song as "the exhilaration multiplied as the tension was further relieved from the incisive spirit that had been present since the pre-debut, which was described as "a bit of a spirited spirit."[20]

"Case 143" experienced popularity in Japan after going viral in the video-sharing application TikTok, resulting in the song being voted first place in Best Entertainment 2022's "Best K-Pop" by Japanese website Modelpress readers.[21] Several other publications included in their lists of the best K-pop songs of 2022, including Dazed (36th),[22] Teen Vogue (unranked),[23] and SCMPs Young Post (2nd).[24]

Music video

An accompanying music video for "Case 143" was uploaded, along with the single on October 7, 2022.[25] Directed by 725 of SL8,[26] the music video starts with the heart-shaped monster, utilizing CGI elements, infecting Felix, then all members, so Changbin calls the police officers, who are also Stray Kids. The police officers go to examine the crime scene and try to arrest the monsters and monster-infected Stray Kids. The first has been arrested, but the latter still falls in love. The police officers pull the big plug, and the set collapses. Then, the video is paused, and Seungmin rewinds it back. The falling-in-love Stray Kids put the plug back to stop collapsing, and they break the video as glass to leave it.[27] [28] [29] The music video surpassed 100 million views on YouTube on March 28, 2023, becoming their ninth music video to reach this milestone.[30]

The performance video was uploaded on October 15,[31] showing the choreography scene shot at the front of car wash and the street.[32] The Japanese version's music video premiered on January 22, 2023. It was produced by Japanese illustrator Kawaisouni!, and serves as a frame-by-frame animated remake of the original music video. Characters made by Kawaisouni!, Opanchu Usagi and Npochamu, also appeared in the music video.[33]

Live performances

Between October 7 and 23, 2022, Stray Kids promoted Maxident with "Case 143" performance at several South Korean music programs, such as Music Bank,[34] Show! Music Core,[35] [36] Inkigayo,[37] [38] [39] Show Champion, and M Countdown. On October 8, the group performed the song at Music Universe K-909, along with the sub-unit tracks–"3Racha", "Taste", and "Can't Stop";[40] and the 2022 The Fact Music Awards, alongside "Maniac".[41] "Case 143" was added to the setlist of Maniac World Tour since Jakarta shows on November 12.[42]

During December 2022 – January 2023, the group performed "Case 143" at the 2022 Asia Artist Awards, along with "Charmer",[43] the 2022 KBS Song Festival with "Maniac",[44] the 2022 SBS Gayo Daejeon along with "Christmas EveL" and "24 to 25",[45] the 2022 MBC Gayo Daejejeon alongside "Circus",[46] and 37th Golden Disc Awards with "Super Board" and "Freeze".[47] Stray Kids performed the Japanese version at 2022 FNS Music Festival on December 14, 2022,[48] and six-hour special Music Station Ultra Super Live 2022 on the 23rd.[49] In 2023, Stray Kids sang the Japanese version of the song on the YouTube channel The First Take on February 24,[50] and performed at 74th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen on December 31.[51]

Accolades

Ceremony! scope="col"
YearAwardResult
Asian Pop Music Awards2022Best Arranger (Overseas)[52]
Circle Chart Music Awards2023Artist of the Year – Digital Music Category (October)[53]
MTV Video Music Awards Japan2023Best Group Video – International[54]
Show ChampionOctober 12, 2022[55]
October 19, 2022[56]
M CountdownOctober 13, 2022[57]
October 20, 2022[58]
Music BankOctober 14, 2022[59]
October 21, 2022[60]

Credits and personnel

Locations

Personnel

Charts

Weekly charts

Chart (2022)! scope="col"
Peak
position
Japan Combined Singles (Oricon)[61] 20
Lithuania (AGATA)[62] 99
Netherlands (Dutch Global Top 40)[63] 39
New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ)[64] 10
Singapore (RIAS)[65] 24
South Korea (Circle)[66] 20
UK Singles Sales (OCC)[67] 74
US World Digital Song Sales (Billboard)[68] 1
Chart (2022)! scope="col"
Peak
position
Japan Combined Singles (Oricon)[69] 48

Monthly charts

Chart (2022)! scope="col"
Position
South Korea (Circle)[70] 72

Year-end charts

Chart (2022)! scope="col"
Position
South Korea Download (Circle)[71] 95
Chart (2023)! scope="col"
Position
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[72] 83

Release history

Region! scope="col"
DateFormatVersionLabel
VariousOctober 7, 2022Korean[73]
December 15, 2022JapaneseEpic Japan[74]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Lee . Min-ji . 스트레이 키즈, 10월 7일 미니앨범 발매…7개월만 컴백 [공식] ]. Stray Kids, Mini Album Release on October 7… Comeback After 7 Months [Official] . September 6, 2022 . Newsen . September 6, 2022 . ko.
  2. News: Seon . Min-kyung . '컴백' 스트레이 키즈, 'MAXIDENT' 트랙리스트 공개..타이틀 곡은 'CASE 143' . 'Comeback' Stray Kids, 'MAXIDENT' Track List Unveil..Title Track Is 'CASE 143' . September 13, 2022 . Osen . September 13, 2022 . ko.
  3. News: Park . Seo-hyun . 스트레이 키즈, 신곡명은 'CASE 143'..트랙리스트 공개 . Stray Kids, New Track Titled 'CASE 143'..Track List Revealed . September 13, 2022 . . September 13, 2022 . ko.
  4. News: Jeong . Eujene . 스트레이 키즈, 신보 'MAXIDENT' 개인 티저…'촉촉·카리스마' [N컷] ]. Stray Kids, New Album 'MAXIDENT' Individual Teaser… 'Moist Charisma' [N Cut] . September 24, 2022 . News1 . September 24, 2022 . ko.
  5. News: Woo . Bin . 스트레이 키즈, KSPO DOME 입성 "꿈꿔온 순간, 현실이 됐다" . Stray Kids, KSPO DOME Entering "The Moment I Dreamed Of, Became a Reality" . September 19, 2022 . TenAsia . September 19, 2022 . ko.
  6. News: Kim . Ye-na . "스트레이 키즈의 첫사랑은 거대한 사건" . "The First Love of Stray Kids Is a Huge Case" . October 3, 2022 . AtStar1 . October 3, 2022 . ko.
  7. News: Oh . Yoon-joo . 스트레이 키즈, 신곡 퍼포먼스 최초 공개 '美친 강렬함' . Stray Kids, New Song Performance First Reveal 'Beautiful Crazy Intensity' . October 4, 2022 . Mydaily . October 4, 2022 . ko.
  8. News: No . Yi-seul . '선주문 224만' 스트레이 키즈, 두번째 월드투어 호주도 매진...멜버른-시드니 추가확정 . 'Pre-order 2.24M' Stray Kids, Second World Tour Sold Out in Australia… Melbourne-Sydney Additional Confirmed . October 5, 2022 . Sports W . October 5, 2022 . ko.
  9. News: Park . Dong-sun . 스트레이 키즈, 'CASE 143' 틱톡 챌린지 공개…'확신의 반전러블리' 매력폭발 . Stray Kids Unveil 'CASE 143' TikTok Challenge… 'Reversal of Confidence Lovely' Charm Explosion . October 6, 2022 . ETNews . October 6, 2022 . ko.
  10. Aniftos . Rania . Stray Kids Unveil New Album 'MAXIDENT': Stream It Now . October 7, 2022 . . October 7, 2022.
  11. News: Mステ：12月23日の「ウルトラSUPER LIVE」出演アーティスト第1弾発表 再始動のKARA、Superfly、NiziUら31組 . M St.: Dec 23 "Ultra Super Live" 1st Line-Up of Performers Announced, Including Reunited KARA, Superfly, and NiziU, total 31 Artists . December 12, 2022 . Mantan Web . December 2, 2022 . ja.
  12. News: Stray Kidsの日本1stアルバム楽曲＆対面イベント詳細発表、ヒョンジン＆スンミンも楽曲制作に参加 . Stray Kids Japan 1st Album Songs & Face-to-Face Event Details Announced, Hyunjin & Seungmin Also Participate in Song Production . January 16, 2023 . . January 16, 2023 . ja.
  13. News: Lee . Se-bin . 스트레이 키즈, 신보 '맥시던트' 트랙리스트 공개…타이틀곡 '케이스 143' . Stray Kids, New 'MAXIDENT' Track List Released… Title Track 'CASE 143' . September 13, 2022 . . September 13, 2022 . ko.
  14. Benjamin . Jeff . Every Song Ranked on Stray Kids' 'Maxident': Critic's Picks . October 14, 2022 . . October 13, 2022.
  15. News: Kang . Mi-kyung . 스트레이 키즈가 돌아온다! 여덟 소년들 '핑크빛 청춘 에너지' . Stray Kids Are Back! Eight Boys' 'Pink Youth Energy' . September 25, 2022 . ETNews . September 25, 2022 . ko.
  16. Web site: Key, BPM of CASE 143 by Stray Kids . Musicstax . October 7, 2022.
  17. Bell . Crystal . Stray Kids "Maxident" Review: Spirit, Grit, and Bravado . October 8, 2022 . . October 7, 2022.
  18. Bell . Crystal . Stray Kids Do Things Their Own Way . October 12, 2022 . . October 11, 2022.
  19. News: Daly . Rhian . Stray Kids – 'Maxident' review: loved-up latest from K-pop's most experimental force . October 11, 2022 . . October 10, 2022.
  20. Binunmul . Mano . Squib . Yemi . Monthly : 2022년 10월 – 앨범 . Monthly : October 2022 – Album . . January 6, 2023 . ko . November 28, 2022.
  21. News: December 26, 2022 . 読者が選ぶ「2022年の"ベストK-POP"」トップ10を発表【ベストエンタメアワード2022】 . ja . The Top 10 "Best K-POP" in 2022 Chosen by Readers Has Announced [Best Entertainment Awards 2022] . Modelpress . December 26, 2022.
  22. Glasby . Taylor . December 14, 2022 . The best K-pop tracks of 2022 . . December 14, 2022.
  23. December 15, 2022 . The 79 Best K-Pop Songs of 2022 . . December 15, 2022.
  24. Chan . Valerie . Chin . Amelie . Kwai . Emily . December 22, 2022 . 15 best K-pop songs of 2022: from rookies NewJeans and Le Sserafim, to solo artists Jin and Nayeon . . December 27, 2022.
  25. News: Hwang . Hye-jin . "자석 같이 끌려가" 스트레이 키즈, 사랑꾼 된 소리꾼들[들어보고서] ]. "I'm Drawn to You like a Magnet" Stray Kids, Lovers become Lovers [Listen] . October 7, 2022 . Newsen . October 7, 2022 . ko.
  26. SL8 . sl8_official . CjZoA80JuzN . October 7, 2022 . STRAY KIDS 스트레이 키즈 - 'CASE 143' M/V . October 7, 2022.
  27. News: Park . Se-yeon . [MK뮤직]사랑노래도 스키즈답게…명불허전 신메뉴 '맥시던트' ]. [MK Music] Love Song Is like SKZ Too… New Menu 'MAXIDENT' . October 8, 2022 . Star Today . October 8, 2022 . ko.
  28. News: Yeo . Gladys . Stray Kids unveil trippy music video for 'Case 143' from new record 'Maxident' . October 7, 2022 . . October 7, 2022.
  29. News: Dongre . Divyansha . Stray Kids Solve The Mystery of a Fatal Attraction in 'Case 143' . October 7, 2022 . . October 7, 2022.
  30. News: Mun . Wan-sik . 스트레이 키즈 'CASE 143' MV 1억뷰..통산 9번째 . Stray Kids 'CASE 143' MV 100 Million Views.. 9th in Total . March 29, 2023 . StarNews . March 29, 2023 . ko.
  31. News: Cho . S. . Watch: Stray Kids Highlights Their Key "CASE 143" Choreography In Performance Video . October 15, 2022 . . October 14, 2022.
  32. News: Jay . Germaine . Stray Kids drop 'CASE 143' performance MV . January 22, 2023 . . October 15, 2022.
  33. News: Stray Kidsの新作MV公開、担当は「おぱんちゅうさぎ」作者・可哀想に！ . Stray Kids' New MV Released, In Charge of "Opanchu Usagi" Creator Kawaisoni! . January 22, 2023 . . January 22, 2023 . ja.
  34. News: Oh . Seung-hyun . '뮤직뱅크' 아이브, 출연 없이 1위…MC 장원영 홀로 소감 [종합] ]. 'Music Bank' IVE Won Without Appearance… MC Jang Won-young Alone Impression . October 7, 2022 . Xportsnews . October 7, 2022 . ko.
  35. News: Jeong . Ji-won . '음악중심' 블랙핑크, 불참에도 1위… 슬기·스트레이키즈 컴백 . 'Music Core' Blackpink Won Without Appearance… Seulgi·Stray Kids Comeback . October 8, 2022 . Joynews24 . October 8, 2022 . ko.
  36. News: Lee . Ha-na . '음중' 아이브, 블랙핑크 꺾고 1위..마마무·(여자)아이들·이찬혁 강렬한 컴백[종합] ]. 'MuCore' Ive Beat Blackpink to Win.. Mamamoo · (G)I-dle · Lee Chan-hyuk Strong Comeback . October 22, 2022 . StarNews . October 22, 2022 . ko.
  37. News: Kim . Na-yeon . 블랙핑크 'Shut Down', 2주 연속 '인기가요' 1위..슬기→스트레이키즈 컴백[종합] ]. Blackpink 'Shut Down', 'Inkigayo' 2 Weeks Consecutively Won..Seulgi→Stray Kids Comeback . October 9, 2022 . Osen . October 9, 2022 . ko.
  38. News: Park . Jeong-min . '인기가요' 블랙핑크, 출연 없이 1위…백호·이채연 솔로 데뷔→박지훈·마마무 컴백 . 'Inkigayo' Blackpink Won Without Appearance… Baekho · Lee Chae-yeon Solo Debut → Park Ji-hoon · Mamamoo Comeback . October 16, 2022 . Newsen . October 16, 2022 . ko.
  39. News: Park . Jeong-min . 아이브, 출연 없이 '인기가요' 1위…이찬혁 솔로 데뷔→5인조 르세라핌 컴백 . Ive, 'Inkigayo' Winning Without Appearance… Lee Chan-hyuk Solo Debut → Quintet Le Sserafim Comeback . October 23, 2022 . Newsen . October 23, 2022 . ko.
  40. News: 'K-909' 스트레이 키즈, 3팀 3색 스페셜 유닛 무대 방송 최초 공개! . 'K-909' Stray Kids, 3 Teams, 3 Colors, Special Unit Stage Broadcast for the First Time! . October 8, 2022 . . October 8, 2022 . ko.
  41. News: [종합] 2022 TMA, 'BTS·임영웅 다관왕 속 K팝 영향력 재조명' ]. 2022 TMA, 'Re-Illumination of K-Pop Influence in BTS and Lim Young-woong's Multi-Winners' . December 17, 2022 . ET News . October 8, 2022 . ko.
  42. News: Khan . Afreen . Stray Kids MANIAC World Tour Jakarta Setlist for Day 1 . November 14, 2022 . Sportskeeda . November 13, 2022.
  43. News: Kim . Won-hee . 스트레이 키즈, 'AAA' 올해의 앨범상 수상 . Stray Kids, 'AAA' Album of the Year Award Winning . December 14, 2022 . . December 14, 2022 . ko.
  44. News: Lee . Seul . 엔딩은 진짜 Y2K 보아 '넘버원'…코요태→뉴진스 세대 통합 (종합)[KBS 가요대축제] ]. The Ending Is the Real Y2K BoA 'No.1'… Koyote → New Jeans Generation Integration [KBS Song Festival] . December 17, 2022 . Xportsnews . December 17, 2022 . ko.
  45. News: Cha . E. . Watch: Performances From 2022 SBS Gayo Daejeon . January 1, 2023 . . December 25, 2022.
  46. News: Cho . S. . Watch: Performances From The 2022 MBC Music Festival . January 1, 2023 . . December 31, 2022.
  47. News: Jeong . Jee-won . 골든디스크 D-1, 뉴진스·세븐틴·스키즈 최초공개 무대 예고 . Golden Disc D-1, NewJeans · Seventeen · SKZ First Public Stage Notice . January 7, 2023 . Joynews24 . January 6, 2023 . ko.
  48. . fns_kayousai . 1602045563851231232 . December 12, 2022 . FNS歌謡祭初出演の / #StrayKids の皆さんは / ♪ CASE 143 -Japanese ver- を / 世界初披露してくださいます . December 12, 2022.
  49. News: Mステ『ウルトラSUPER LIVE 2022』、タイムテーブル公開 . M St. "Ultra Super Live 2022" Timetable Announcement . December 23, 2022 . Barks . December 23, 2022 . ja.
  50. News: Stray Kidsが今夜「THE FIRST TAKE」に登場 オリジナルアレンジで「CASE 143 -Japanese ver.-」披露 . Stray Kids Will Appear at "THE FIRST TAKE" Tonight, Performing "CASE 143 -Japanese ver.-" with an Original Arrangement . February 24, 2023 . Pia . February 24, 2023 . ja.
  51. News: 【紅白】Stray Kids「CASE 143」大流行のダンスを披露 . [Kōhaku] Stray Kids Performs the Popular Dance of "CASE 143" . December 31, 2023 . Sponichi Annex . December 31, 2023 . ja.
  52. Asian Pop Music Awards . APMAHK . 1604007978595749888 . December 17, 2022 . ASIAN POP MUSIC AWARDS 2022 (NOMINATIONS) / BEST ARRANGER (Overseas) . December 29, 2022.
  53. Web site: 올해의 가수상 음원부분 Nominees . . December 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221217164010/http://www.circlemusicawards.co.kr/nominees.php . December 17, 2022.
  54. Web site: 「MTV VMAJ 2023」各部門の受賞作品発表! . "MTV VMAJ 2023" Award-Winning Works in Each Category Announced! . . October 27, 2023.
  55. News: Yoon . Sang-geun . 스트레이키즈 '쇼챔피언' 정상 "어제 오늘 2번이나 1등!"[★밤TView] ]. Stray Kids' 'Show Champion' Top "Yesterday and today 2 times!"[★Night TView] . March 30, 2022 . Star News . March 30, 2022 . ko.
  56. News: Cha . E. . Watch: Stray Kids Takes 4th Win For "CASE 143" On "Show Champion"; Performances By Dreamcatcher, Kep1er, NMIXX, And More . October 19, 2022 . . October 19, 2022.
  57. News: Lee . Ye-jin . 스트레이 키즈, 영광의 1위 "스테이 감사해"…마마무·케플러 컴백 (엠카)[종합] ]. Stray Kids, 1st Place of Glory "STAY Thank You"… Mamamoo · Kep1er Comeback (M Countdown) . October 13, 2022 . Xportsnews . October 13, 2022 . ko.
  58. News: Kim . Han-gil . 스트레이 키즈, 트레저 꺾고 '엠카' 1위…이찬혁, 뒤만 보고 열창 [종합] ]. Stray Kids, Beating Treasure to Win at 'M Countdown'… Lee Chan-hyuk, Showing Only Back and Singing . October 20, 2022 . TV Daily . October 20, 2022 . ko.
  59. News: Kim . Hye-mi . 스트레이 키즈, 슬기 꺾고 '뮤직뱅크' 1위…음반 점수 압도 . Stray Kids Beat Seulgi to Win at 'Music Bank'… Recorded Score Overwhelming . October 14, 2022 . New Inside . October 14, 2022 . ko.
  60. News: Im . Shi-ryeong . 스키즈, '뮤직뱅크' 1위 차지 "스테이 너무 고마워" [TV캡처] ]. Stray Kids Take 'Music Bank' Win "Stay, Thank You So Much" [TV Capture] . October 21, 2022 . Sports Today . October 21, 2022 . ko.
  61. Web site: Oricon Top 50 Combined Singles: 2022-10-24 . . October 21, 2022 . ja.
  62. Web site: 2022 41-os savaitės klausomiausi (Top 100). AGATA. lt. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022.
  63. Web site: Nederlandse Global Top 40 – week 43, 2022 . . December 9, 2022 . nl.
  64. Web site: NZ Hot Singles Chart. Recorded Music NZ. October 17, 2022. October 15, 2022.
  65. Web site: RIAS Top Charts Week 41 (7 - 13 Oct 2022). RIAS. October 18, 2022. October 18, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221018065931/https://www.rias.org.sg/rias-top-charts/.
  66. Web site: Digital Chart – Week 42 of 2022. Circle Chart. ko. October 20, 2022.
  67. Web site: Official Singles Sales Chart Top 100 . . October 14, 2022.
  68. Stray Kids Chart History (World Digital Song Sales). Billboard. July 16, 2023.
  69. Web site: Oricon Top 50 Combined Singles: 2023-01-02 . . December 28, 2022 . ja.
  70. Web site: Digital Chart – October 2022 . November 10, 2022 . . ko.
  71. Web site: Download Chart – 2022 . January 13, 2023 . . ko.
  72. Web site: Billboard Japan Hot 100 – 2023 Year-End. Billboard Japan. ja. December 8, 2023.
  73. Web site: . Case 143 . Apple Music (US) . December 14, 2022 . October 7, 2022.
  74. Web site: Stray Kids、「CASE 143 -Japanese ver.-」の配信が、このあと24時よりスタート! . Stray Kids' "CASE 143 -Japanese ver.-" to Release at Midnights! . Stray Kids Japan Official Website . December 14, 2022 . ja . December 14, 2022.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Case 143".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.