Carolyn Warmus Explained
Carolyn Warmus |
Birth Date: | January 8, 1964 |
Birth Place: | Troy, Michigan, U.S. |
Occupation: | Former elementary school teacher |
Education: | BA psychology Master Degree in Elementary Education |
Alma Mater: | University of Michigan Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S. |
Conviction Status: | Paroled |
Parents: | Thomas Warmus |
Motive: | Jealousy |
Criminal Charge: | Second degree murder, illegal possession of a firearm |
Conviction: | - Second degree murder: May 1992
- Illegal-possession of a firearm: May 1992
|
Conviction Penalty: | - Murder: 25 years to life in prison
- Firearm: 5 to 15 years (concurrently)
|
Website: | carolynwarmus.org[1] |
Victims: | Betty Jeanne Solomon |
Date: | January 15, 1989 |
Country: | United States |
States: | New York |
Locations: | Greenburgh |
Weapons: | .25 caliber Beretta pistol w/silencer[2] |
Imprisoned: | Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women Received: June 29, 1992[3] Paroled: June 17, 2019 |
Carolyn Warmus (born January 8, 1964) is an American former elementary schoolteacher who was convicted at age 28 of the 1989 murder of her lover's wife, 40-year-old Betty Jeanne Solomon. After a hung jury at her first trial in 1991, Warmus was convicted of second degree murder and illegal possession of a firearm at her second trial in 1992. She served 27 years for the murder and was released from prison on parole on June 17, 2019.[4]
Warmus was incarcerated at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women, Westchester County, New York. She received multiple affirmed disciplinary events, which were referenced during her first parole denial in early 2017. That same year, Warmus, claiming her innocence, asked that glove evidence discovered by her ex-lover Paul Solomon, the victim's husband, between the first and second trials be tested for DNA. In May 2021, Westchester County prosecutors consented to DNA testing of the glove, as well as semen recovered from the victim and blood recovered from Solomon's tote bag. None of the evidence ever underwent DNA testing.[5]
The murder case attracted national media attention and led to comparisons with the 1987 film Fatal Attraction, about a love affair that turns deadly. The Warmus case went on to inspire made-for-TV movies, six different episodes across multiple television broadcasters and at least one book.
Early life
Carolyn Warmus was born in 1964 in Troy, Michigan, and grew up in Birmingham, an affluent suburb of Detroit. Her father, Thomas A. Warmus, was a self-made multi-millionaire who accumulated his fortune in the insurance business, founding the American Way Life Insurance Company of Southfield. In 1989, Thomas's assets were estimated at $150 million; he owned eight jets, two yachts, estates in Michigan, Florida, Arizona, and New York, and fifteen cars.[6]
In 1970, Thomas's wife Elizabeth filed for divorce and, after two years, won custody of Warmus and her two younger siblings. The divorce decree was handed down when Warmus was aged 8.[7]
Warmus earned good grades, played basketball and graduated from Seaholm High School in Birmingham. In 1981, she enrolled at the University of Michigan. After graduating with a degree in psychology, she moved to New York City and earned a master's degree in elementary education from Teachers College, Columbia University. In September 1987, Warmus landed a job at Greenville Elementary School in Scarsdale, New York. There, she met soon-to-be lover Paul Solomon, a fifth-grade teacher, along with his family, wife Betty Jeanne and daughter Kristan.[6] [7] [8]
Crime and investigation
Early in the evening of January 15, 1989, a New York Telephone operator received a call from a woman in distress. When the call was abruptly disconnected, she alerted police, but they found nothing because the reverse directory had an incorrect address. At 11:42 p.m., the body of Betty Jeanne was found in the family's Greenburgh condominium by Solomon. She had been pistol-whipped in the head and shot nine times in her back and legs.[9]
The investigation initially focused on Solomon, whose alibi was that he had stopped briefly at a local bowling alley to see friends and then spent the evening with Warmus in Yonkers at the Holiday Inn's Treetops Lounge. Once Warmus and Solomon left the lounge, they went to her car and had sexual relations.[10] When Warmus and additional witnesses confirmed his alibis, detectives turned their attention elsewhere.
When investigators gained information that Warmus had obtained a .25 caliber Beretta pistol with a silencer shortly before the murder,[11] [12] Detective Richard Constantino checked calls made from her home phone on January 15. He discovered one made at 3:02 p.m. to Ray's Sport Shop in North Plainfield, New Jersey. Store records indicated the only female to purchase .25-caliber ammunition that day was Liisa Kattai from Long Island. When questioned, Kattai denied ever being in the shop or buying ammunition. Further investigation determined that Kattai's driver's license had been lost or stolen while she was employed at a summer job, where one of her co-workers was Warmus. Police now had enough evidence to make an arrest.
Trials and convictions
On February 2, 1990, Warmus was indicted on the charges of second-degree murder and second-degree criminal possession of a weapon. Her first trial began January 14, 1991, at the Westchester County Courthouse, with David Lewis as her attorney.[13]
Solomon testified at the first trial, and received immunity from prosecution in return for his testimony. He said he met Warmus in the fall of 1987 at an elementary school in Greenburgh, and that they soon became sexually involved. The following spring, Solomon wanted to end the unfaithful relationship: "I said, 'Carolyn, you know we're not going to be able to see each other in the summer.'" He went on to testify, "She was upset. She cried. She said, 'Life's not worth living without you.' I said, 'Carolyn, don't be over dramatic.'"[10] During the first trial, the defense asserted that Solomon and the gun seller (a private investigator) tied heavily to the case should have been tried for the murder instead of Warmus.[14]
The trial lasted nearly three months. After twelve days of deliberations, the jury came back deadlocked at 8–4 in favor of conviction, but unable to arrive at the required unanimous verdict. The judge declared a mistrial on April 27, 1991.[15] [13]
In January 1992, a second trial began in which prosecutors presented new evidence: a bloody cashmere glove allegedly belonging to Warmus that was photographed and recovered from the crime scene. Warmus's attorney questioned why the glove, which was found by Solomon in a closet between the first and second trial, was allowed as evidence, and argued that the prosecution failed to provide definitive proof that the glove belonged to Warmus or that it was the same glove as the one pictured in the crime scene photographs. The judge allowed the glove to stand as evidence in the case. The defense continued to press its argument that Solomon was trying to frame Warmus for the murder.[14] The jury deliberated for six days before returning a guilty verdict for second-degree murder and second-degree criminal possession of weapon on May 27, 1992.[16] [17] [18]
On June 26, 1992, Judge John Carey, who presided over both of Warmus' trials, imposed a maximum term of 25 years to life in prison for the murder; and the maximum sentence of five to 15 years in prison on the weapon count, to be served concurrently. Judge Carey stated that Warmus committed "a hideous act, a most extreme, illegal and wanton murder". For the first time in both of her trials, a weeping Warmus spoke in the courtroom:[19] Judge Carey later said, "No community which hopes to be bound by the rule of law, can tolerate any such merciless slaughter."[19]
Incarceration
Warmus was incarcerated at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women. Under inmate ID#: 92G0987, Warmus's incarceration disciplinary history document was released in January 2017. The document reports eleven Tier III and four Tier II misconducts, with a total of eleven misconducts being ruled as affirmed.[20] [21] Warmus had her first parole hearing on January 9, 2017, represented in the state appellate court by attorney Mayer Morganroth.[22] She was denied parole in January 2017 and again in July 2018, but was granted parole on June 17, 2019.[23] [24] [25] [26]
In 2004, Warmus filed a federal lawsuit against the New York State Department of Correctional Services, claiming to have been sexually abused by prison guards. Warmus stated that she had been raped and forced to trade sexual favors for basic privileges.[27] [28] [29] One corrections officer, Lt. Glenn Looney, was arraigned in the town of Bedford court on April 15, 2004, on a charge of second-degree sexual abuse, a misdemeanor. Warmus backed her claim by providing prison officials with a sample of Looney's semen that she had kept refrigerated in plastic.[30] [31] [32] In 2008, Warmus received $10,000 from the Department of Correctional Services in settlement of the lawsuit.[33] [34] [35]
She served 27 years for the murder and was released from prison on parole on June 17, 2019.
Additional developments
On the day of Warmus's sentencing, her attorney, William I. Aronwald, announced a reward of $250,000 from her family for any information leading to the arrest of the person(s) responsible for Betty Jeanne's murder. Betty Jeanne's sister, Joyce Green, denounced the reward offer as "bogus" and said the evidence against Warmus was strong. Green said she would have favored a sentence of life without the possibility of parole.[19] [36]
Following Warmus's first trial, the Scarsdale school board faced public pressure to remove Solomon as a teacher, as he had testified in court to having multiple extramarital affairs, including his fling with Warmus.[37] [38] In September 1991, Solomon was removed from classroom duties and was assigned non-teaching duties. His removal was an amicable decision in coordination with Solomon, the school board and the principal of Greenville Elementary.[39]
Warmus entered court on November 17, 2016, to argue about legal fees with her former appeals lawyer, Julia Heit, whom she is suing for malpractice. Warmus claims Heit falsely managed her appeal, in part, by not testing DNA, and is seeking a return of $80,000 in fees and hand over an additional $320,000 in total compensation.[40] [41] According to her then attorney, Mayer Morganroth, Warmus was hoping to get out of prison so she could have surgery for a brain tumor.[42] [43] [44]
In popular culture
Movies
ABC aired the docudrama A Murderous Affair: The Carolyn Warmus Story, on 13 September 1992.[45] [46] [47] Solomon allowed his name to be used and cooperated with the production company.[48] One month later, CBS aired their own competing docudrama, The Danger of Love: The Carolyn Warmus Story, on October 4, 1992.[49] [50] [51] While based partly on Solomon's version of events, he refused to have his name used in the CBS film.[52]
Television shows
The Cable News Network produced a CNN Special Report, episode "Fatal Attraction or Fatal Mistake?: The Carolyn Warmus Story", aired 4 August 2017. The report detailed Warmus's belief that DNA on the cashmere glove evidence presented at the second trial could exonerate her if the court were to allow its retesting.[53] [54] [55] Paul Solomon declined to be interviewed by CNN for this special report.[56]
Investigation Discovery network aired multiple depictions of the Warmus case on the following documentary drama programs:
- Series episode Teacher, Teacher, season 5; episode 10, aired: 16 May 2015. Betty Jeanne and Paul Solomon relish in a joyful life together in a New York suburb. But when Paul starts an affair with his younger colleague Carolyn, their marriage downgrades and points to his wife's cold-blooded murder.[57] [58] [59]
- Series Deadly Women episode Hearts of Darkness, season 3; episode 6, aired: 24 September 2009, the Warmus case is the second (minute 16) of the three re-enactments. These women ignite their jealousy with madness, their angers are so remorseless they kill to satisfy their jealousy.[60] [61] [62]
- Series Cold Blood, episode Femme Fatale, season 1; episode 4, aired: 12 November 2008. The episode depicts the Warmus homicide investigation in a first-person perspective. The episode highlights the diligent detective work and forensics to show the truth of this murder.[63] [64] [65]
The Oxygen Network crime documentary series that focuses on female criminals Snapped released the episode Carolyn Warmus, season 1; episode 13, aired: 22 October 2004. The episode delves into the evidence gathering against Warmus, focused on how she acquired the firearm and ammunition leading to Betty Jeanne's murder.[66] [67]
On March 26 and 27, 2022, Oxygen aired The Fatal Attraction Murder, which is also devoted to Carolyn Warmus's crime.
The short-lived (1993–1995) ABC television news magazine series Day One aired Warmus's first public interview, premiered August 2, 1993. Warmus was interviewed by broadcast journalist Forrest Sawyer at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility.[68] [69]
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: CarolynWarmus.org - Home. www.carolynwarmus.org. 4 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170711115351/https://www.carolynwarmus.org/. 11 July 2017.
- News: KUNEN. JAMES S.. A Dangerous Passion. 35. 4 November 2017. PEOPLE.com. 14. Time Inc.. 15 April 1991. ...Parco testified, that he finally sold Warmus, for $2,500 in cash, a Beretta pistol..
- Web site: NYS Department of Corrections and Community Supervision. nysdoccslookup.doccs.ny.gov. 4 November 2017. 2017.
DIN (Department Identification Number) 92G0987.
- Web site: Carolyn Warmus released from prison in 'Fatal Attraction' murder case.
- Web site: Carolyn Warmuser gets long sought DNA testing of evidence from 1989 slaying.
- News: Feron. James. Fatal Affair: Love, a Gun And a Puzzle. 7 November 2017. The New York Times. 8 February 1990. WHITE PLAINS.
- News: Pooley. Eric. Love & Death A Quiet Westchester Suburb Is Shattered by a Real-Life 'Fatal Attraction'. 6 November 2017. New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. 19 March 1990. en.
- News: Brower. Montgomery. Death Imitates Art as Police Charge Teacher Carolyn Warmus with a Fatal Attraction Killing – Vol. 33 No. 8. 5 October 2017. PEOPLE.com. 26 February 1990.
- News: McAfee. Melonyce. The 'Fatal Attraction' murder revisited. 3 November 2017. CNN. CNN. Cable News Network. 4 August 2017.
- News: Foderaro. Lisa W.. Victim's Husband Testifies In Westchester Murder Trial. 7 November 2017. The New York Times. 8 February 1991. WHITE PLAINS. en.
- News: Opening statements in 'fatal attraction' trial. 7 November 2017. UPI. Jan. 14, 1991. United Press International, Inc.. 14 January 1991. en.
- Web site: Lopez. Linette. The Private Eye Testifying In The Millionaire Madam Case Also Played A Role In The 'Fatal Attraction' Murder. Business Insider. 5 November 2017. en. 21 March 2012. ...back in the late '80s sold a .25 caliber Berretta pistol with a silencer to obsessive Westchester elementary school teacher Carolyn Warmus..
- News: Cocker. Catherine. Warmus trial ends in hung jury. 7 November 2017. Associated Press. Press Republican. 28 April 1991. White Plains, N.Y.. A-6. en.
- News: Teacher in 'Fatal Attraction' murder gets max. 9 November 2017. United Press International. 27 June 1992. WHITE PLAINS, N.Y.. en.
- News: Fitz-Gibbon. Jorge. Crime Scene: Carolyn Warmus' 'Fatal Attraction' case last media craze. 5 November 2017. Indianapolis Star. USA Today Network. 24 June 2014. en. But on April 27, 1991 the case ended in a mistrial when the jury remained deadlocked for 12 days..
- News: Glaberson. William. Second Trial Convicts Warmus Of Murdering Her Lover's Wife. 3 November 2017. The New York Times. 28 May 1992. WHITE PLAINS.
- News: Gearty. Robert. 'Fatal Attraction' killer is found guilty in 1992. 3 November 2017. NY Daily News. 28 May 1992. en. ... jury foreman Anne Marie Heanue announced the panel had found her guilty of second-degree murder and criminal possession of a dangerous weapon..
- News: Fitz-Gibbon. Jorge. Crime Scene: Carolyn Warmus' 'Fatal Attraction' case last media craze. 7 November 2017. Wausau Daily Herald. USA Today Network. 24 June 2014. en. Lacey Spears' murder case recalls media circus that surrounded the Carolyn Warmus 'Fatal Attraction' trial..
- News: Glaberson. William. Warmus Begs for Leniency But Gets Toughest Sentence. 4 November 2017. The New York Times. 27 June 1992. WHITE PLAINS, NY.
- Web site: Lieberman. Steve. Carolyn Warmus Disciplinary Record. www.documentcloud.org. NYS Department of Corrections and Community Supervision". 4 November 2017. Bedford Hill Correctional Facility. 1–3. en. 17 July 2017. 01/17/17 INMATE DISCIPLINARY HISTORY INMATE ID#: 92G0987 LOCATION BEDFORD HILL CORRECTIONAL FACILITY.
- Web site: Carolyn Warmus: Parole Denial 2017. www.documentcloud.org. 3 November 2017. en.
- News: Spillane. Matt. Bandler. Jonathan. Carolyn Warmus up for parole in 'Fatal Attraction' case. 3 November 2017. Burlington Free Press. USA Today Network. 6 January 2017. en. The former schoolteacher, who was convicted of killing her lover's wife in Greenburgh in 1989, will have her first parole hearing next week..
- Web site: Unknown.
- Web site: Notorious Murders at . Crimelibrary.com . 1992-06-26 . 2012-01-26 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140403080227/http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/women/warmus/16.html . 2014-04-03 .
- Web site: Lieberman. Steve. 'Fatal Attraction' killer Carolyn Warmus denied parole in 1989 killing. USA TODAY. Gannett Satellite Information Network. 3 November 2017. en. 17 January 2017. To grant your release at this timer would so deprecate the seriousness of your offense as to undermine respect for the law..
- Web site: Carolyn Warmus: Parole Denial 2017. www.documentcloud.org. 3 November 2017. en. January 2017. Of significant concern is your poor compliance with DOCCS rules as exhibited by your receipt of multiple tier II and tier III violations during this term including your most recent tier III in Sep. 2015..
- News: Weiss. Murray. 'FATAL' PRISON AFFAIR – GUARD & WARMUS. 7 November 2017. New York Post. NYP HOLDINGS, INC.. 19 April 2004.
- News: STANDORA. LEO. "Fatal Attraction" killer wins 10G from state. 4 November 2017. NY Daily News. 15 August 2008. en.
- Web site: Bedford Inmates Allege Sexual Abuse . Lawcore.com . 2012-01-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120211185816/http://www.lawcore.com/legal-information/04-07-06.html . 2012-02-11 . dead .
- News: N.Y. prison guard charged with sex abuse. 5 November 2017. UPI. United Press International. 19 April 2004. NEW YORK. en. Looney, 48, of upstate Newburgh is the second corrections officer in the past five years to stand accused of having sex with Carolyn Warmus.
- News: Randall. Michael. Convicted murderer Warmus is prison guard's accuser. 5 November 2017. recordonline.com. Times Herald-Record. 16 April 2004. Bedford. en. He pleaded not guilty and was released on $500 bail. He is due back in court May 20..
- News: News in Brief Prison Legal News. 5 November 2017. www.prisonlegalnews.org. Prison Legal News. 15 September 2004. en. This is the second time in five years that Warmus, a wealthy socialite serving time for the murder of her lover's wife in 1991, of having sex with her..
- Web site: Carolyn Warmus, "Fatal Attraction" Killer, Receives $10K from Govt . Groundreport.com . 2008-08-15 . 2012-01-26.
- News: SCHRECK. TOM. 10 Infamous Murders that Took Place in Westchester County. 3 November 2017. Westechester Magazine. 10/19/2011. Today Media. 19 October 2011. en.
- News: Fitz-Gibbon. Jorge. Crime Scene: Carolyn Warmus' 'Fatal Attraction' case last media craze. 6 November 2017. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. USA Today Network. 24 June 2014. en. In 2006, a state appellate court upheld her conviction. In 2008, she was awarded $10,000 from a federal lawsuit in which she claimed she was sexually abused by prison guards..
- News: Woman gets maximum term in 'fatal attraction' slaying. 5 November 2017. Tulsa World. Tulsa World Media Company. 27 June 1992. WHITE PLAINS, N.Y.. en.
- Hill Jr.. Marvin. Delacenserie. Emily. Procrustean Beds and Draconian Choices: Lifestyle Regulations and Officious Intermeddlers--Bosses, Workers, Courts, and Labor Arbitrators. Missouri Law Review. 1992. 57. 1. Introduction, 52–54. 7 November 2017. en. 0026-6604.
- News: Brozan. Nadine. Some Ask if Husband in Love-Triangle Case Is Fit to Teach. 7 November 2017. The New York Times. 17 August 1991.
- News: Feron. James. Westchester Teacher Given Different Duties After Trial. 7 November 2017. The New York Times. 5 September 1991.
- News: Marsh. Julie. Ex-lawyer of 'Fatal Attraction' killer quips about film's eeriest scene. 3 November 2017. New York Post. 7 February 2017. A former attorney for Warmus, whom the convicted killer is suing for malpractice....
- News: BEKIEMPIS. VICTORIA. ADAMS OTIS. GINGER. 'Fatal Attraction' killer returns to court, maintaining innocence. 3 November 2017. NY Daily News. 17 November 2016. en. Warmus appeared in court Thursday for a dispute over legal fees with her former appeals lawyer..
- News: CBS2 Exclusive: Woman Says She's Served 25 Years In Prison For Crime She Didn't Commit. 3 November 2017. CBS2 Staff. CBS Broadcasting Inc.. 18 November 2016. BEDFORD HILLS, (N.Y.). en. She said she's also very sick with a brain tumor, and has appealed to Governor Cuomo for clemency ....
- News: Reif. Carol. Convicted Greenburgh 'Fatal Attraction' Killer Warmus Up For Parole. 3 November 2017. White Plains Daily Voice. WESTCHESTER COUNTY, N.Y.. Daily Voice. 9 January 2017. en.
- News: Spillane. Matt. Carolyn Warmus up for parole in 'Fatal Attraction' case. 3 November 2017. lohud.com. USA Today Network. 6 January 2017. en. ..., according to the DOCCS. She hopes she can get out of prison and then have surgery for a brain tumor that was discovered last year, Morganroth said..
- Web site: A Murderous Affair: The Carolyn Warmus Story. Barnes & Noble. 3 November 2017. en. Based on a true story, this is the case of Carolyn Warmus, a teacher from Westchester County who was convicted of the murder of her lover's wife..
- News: Shales. Tom. PREVIEWS. 3 November 2017. Washington Post. 12 September 1992. ABC's Sunday Night Movie, at 9 on Channel 7, stars the photogenic, telegenic, just plain omni-genic Virginia Madsen as Carolyn Warmus, a crazy mixed-up rich lady convicted in 1992 of the 1989 murder of Betty Jeanne Solomon....
- Web site: Murderous Affair, A (1992) - Overview - TCM.com. Turner Classic Movies. 10 November 2017. en.
- Web site: A Murderous Affair: The Carolyn Warmus Story at . https://archive.today/20120715101934/http://tv.msn.com/movies/movie.aspx?m=158356 . dead . 2012-07-15 . Tv.msn.com . 2012-01-26 .
- Web site: The Danger of Love: The Carolyn Warmus Story (TV Movie 1992). m.imdb.com. 4 November 2017. en. TV Movie R 94 min Thriller.
- Web site: The Danger of Love: The Carolyn Warmus Story (1992) - The Movie. www.top250.tv. 3 November 2017. en. 4 October 1992. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021105/https://www.top250.tv/movies/220394/the-danger-of-love-the-carolyn-warmus-story. 7 November 2017. dead.
- Web site: Danger Of Love. TVGuide.com. CBS Interactive Inc.. 3 November 2017. en. 4 October 1992.
- News: Glaberson. William. The Warmus Murder Case Hits TV, but Real Life Holds More Mysteries. 3 November 2017. The New York Times. 13 September 1992. GREENBURGH, N.Y. The CBS movie, based partly on Paul Solomon's version of events, is more willing to accept Ms. Warmus's guilt..
- Web site: CNN Special Report: Fatal Attraction or Fatal Mistake? The Carolyn Warmus Story. www.msn.com. 3 November 2017. CNN's Kyra Phillips talks with convicted killer Carolyn Warmus about the new questions in her famous "Fatal Attraction" case..
- Web site: CNN Special Report: Fatal Attraction or Fatal Mistake: The Carolyn Warmus Story TVmaze. TVmaze.com. 3 November 2017. en. Warmus has maintained her innocence since the day she was charged with the murder of her married lover's wife. Kyra Phillips investigates.
- Web site: CNN SPECIAL REPORT - SEASON 2017, EPISODE 20. watchstreem.com. 4 November 2017. Carolyn Warmus has maintained her innocence since the day she was charged with the murder of her married lover's wife. Kyra Phillips investigates..
- News: McAfee. Melonyce. The 'Fatal Attraction' murder revisited. 7 November 2017. Helena Independent Record. 4 August 2017. en.
- Web site: Teacher, Teacher Scorned: Love Kills. www.investigationdiscovery.com. 3 November 2017. en-us. 16 May 2015.
- Web site: VUDU - Scorned Love: Teacher, Teacher. www.vudu.com. 3 November 2017. en. 2015.
- Web site: Scorned: Love Kills: Series Info. www.thetvdb.com. 3 November 2017. 18 May 2015.
- Web site: Hearts of Darkness Deadly Women. www.investigationdiscovery.com. Discovery Communications, LLC.. 3 November 2017. en-us. 18 May 2015.
- Web site: DEADLY WOMEN - Hearts of Darkness - Winnie Ruth Judd by Crime Story - Dailymotion. Dailymotion. 3 November 2017.
- Book: Deadly Women Hearts of Darkness. 8 July 2010. The Pitch. 3 November 2017. en. Carolyn Warmus was so desperate for a man's love that she shot his wife nine times..
- Web site: Cold Blood. TVGuide.com. 3 November 2017. en. 12 November 2008. The Jan. 15, 1989, murder of Betty Jeanne Solomon is detailed..
- Web site: Watch Cold Blood Season 1 Episode 4 Femme Fatale. OVGuide. 3 November 2017. en. 12 November 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107033120/https://www.ovguide.com/tv_episode/cold-blood-season-1-episode-4-femme-fatale-4482403. 7 November 2017. dead.
- Web site: Cold Blood (US) Femme Fatalle. EpisoDate.com. 3 November 2017. en. 12 November 2008.
- Web site: Hasentufel. Bob. Snapped Carolyn Warmus. imdb.com. Oxygen. 7 November 2017. 22 October 2004.
- Web site: Snapped: Carolyn Warmus. TV.com. 3 November 2017. 24 October 2004.
- News: 'Fatal Attraction' killer talks in first public interview. 3 November 2017. New York Daily News. tribunedigital-baltimoresun. 2 August 1993. New York, (NY). en. "I just can't fathom how having an affair with a married man has gotten me 25-years-to-life in a maximum-security prison . . . It just doesn't make sense," Warmus, 29, told Forrest Sawyer in the interview at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility, to be aired tonight on ABC's "Day One.".
- News: Warmus Gives First Public Interview Since Conviction. 3 November 2017. www.apnewsarchive.com. Associated Press. 2 August 1993. New York.