Carol Jane Anger Rieke Explained

Carol Jane Anger Rieke
Birth Name:Carol Jane Anger
Birth Date:17 January 1908
Death Place:Tucson, Arizona
Nationality:American
Other Names:Carol A. Rieke
Occupation:Astronomer

Carol Jane Anger Rieke (January 17, 1908 – December 31, 1999) was an American astronomer, computational chemist, and mathematics educator. She co-authored papers with Nobel Prize laureate Robert S. Mulliken.

Early life and education

Carol Jane Anger was from Evanston, Illinois. She attended Northwestern University, where she had excellent grades and won several awards, including a cup in 1926 as the "best woman rifle shot in the University."[1] She pursued graduate studies in astronomy at Radcliffe College, working at Harvard with Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and Harlow Shapley.[2] She earned her Ph.D. in 1932, with Nobel laureate John Hasbrouck Von Vleck as her advisor;[3] her dissertation, "Spectroscopic Parallaxes of Galactic and Moving Clusters" won the Caroline Wilby Prize for outstanding Radcliffe thesis that year. She spent a year at Harvard Observatory as a recipient of the Sarah Berliner Research Fellowship from the American Association of University Women.[4] [5] Rieke did further postdoctoral work on computational chemistry at the University of Chicago, under Nobel laureate Robert S. Mulliken.[6]

Career

Carol Jane Anger was elected to membership in the American Astronomical Society at its meeting in Chicago in 1930.[7] After her marriage, the course of Rieke's scientific career depended significantly on her husband's career locations. She continued making spectroscopic measurements at the Harvard Observatory after completing her doctoral work.[8] In 1938 she attended the 4th Annual Washington Conference on Theoretical Physics at George Washington University; she was the lone woman scientist in attendance and in the group photographs, standing with John von Neumann, Edward Teller, George Gamow, Hans Bethe, and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.[9]

She co-authored papers with Mulliken while she lived in Chicago.[10] [11] When the Riekes moved to Massachusetts during World War II, she worked on radar countermeasures. After the war, her husband joined the physics faculty at Purdue University, but nepotism rules meant she could not also become a faculty member; she was, instead, a lecturer in mathematics. When the couple moved back to Chicago, she taught mathematics at South Suburban College while resuming her chemistry research with Mulliken.

Scientific publications by Rieke included "A study of the spectrum of alpha2 Canum Venaticorum" (Astrophysical Journal 1929),[12] "Wave-Length Standards in the Extreme Ultraviolet" (Phys. Rev. 1936, with Kenneth R. More),[13] "Molecular electronic spectra, dispersion and polarization: The theoretical interpretation and computation of oscillator strengths and intensities" (Reports on Progress in Physics 1940, with Mulliken),[14] "Hyperconjugation" (Journal of the American Chemical Society 1941, with Mulliken and Weldon G. Brown),[15] "Bond Integrals and Spectra With an Analysis of Kynch and Penney's Paper on the Heat of Sublimation of Carbon" (Rev. Mod. Phys. 1942, with Mulliken).[16]

Rieke served as an elected member of the Bremen Community High School District 228 Board of Education from 1957[17] to 1963, while her children were in school there.[18] [19] She was also involved in the League of Women Voters and the Girl Scouts in the Chicago suburbs, and active with the Harvard-Radcliffe Club of Chicago.[20]

South Suburban College named an annual scholarship for Rieke.[21] [22]

Personal life

Carol Jane Anger married physicist Foster Frederick Rieke in 1932. They had two children, George and Katharine.[23] Their son George H. Rieke became an astronomer, and married another astronomer, Marcia J. Rieke.[24] Their daughter Katharine Rieke Lawson is on the faculty at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York.[25] [26] Carol A. Rieke was widowed when Foster Rieke died in 1970.[27] She died at the end of 1999, aged 91 years, in Tucson, Arizona.

Notes and References

  1. News: Wonderful Record. June 11, 1925. Biloxi Daily Herald. June 2, 2019. 3. NewspaperArchive.com.
  2. News: Woman Measures Stars' Violet Rays. May 20, 1931. Daily News. June 2, 2019. 160. Newspapers.com.
  3. Web site: Astronomy Alumni. Department of Astronomy, Harvard University. 2019-06-02.
  4. Shapley, Harlow (1934). Annual Report of the Director of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. p. 2.
  5. News: A. A. U. W. Gets Announcement of Awards. February 26, 1932. The Oshkosh Northwestern. June 2, 2019. 8. Newspapers.com.
  6. Rieke, George Henry (2000). "Obituary: Carol Jane Anger Rieke (1908-1999)" Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 32: 1685-1686.
  7. 1930. Forty-fourth meeting of the American Astronomical Society. Popular Astronomy. 38. 520–521. 1930PA.....38..519..
  8. Shapley, Harlow (1936). Annual Report of the Director of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. p. 2.
  9. Francl. Michelle. 2018. Atomic women. Nature Chemistry. en. 10. 4. 373–375. 10.1038/s41557-018-0038-3. 29568054. 1755-4330. 2018NatCh..10..373F. 7907995.
  10. Web site: Carol A. Rieke's research works Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA (MIT) and other places. ResearchGate. en. 2019-06-02.
  11. Book: Mulliken, Robert S.. Life of a Scientist: An Autobiographical Account of the Development of Molecular Orbital Theory. 2012-12-06. Springer Science & Business Media. 9783642613203. 103, 112, 124.
  12. Anger. C. J.. 1929. A study of the spectrum of alpha2 Canum Venaticorum. Astrophysical Journal. 70. 114–116. 1929ApJ....70..114A. 10.1086/143203. free.
  13. More. Kenneth R.. Rieke. Carol A.. 1936-12-01. Wave-Length Standards in the Extreme Ultraviolet. Physical Review. en. 50. 11. 1054–1056. 10.1103/PhysRev.50.1054. 0031-899X. 1936PhRv...50.1054M.
  14. Mulliken. Robert S. Rieke. Carol A. 1941-01-01. Molecular electronic spectra, dispersion and polarization: The theoretical interpretation and computation of oscillator strengths and intensities. Reports on Progress in Physics. 8. 1. 231–273. 10.1088/0034-4885/8/1/312. 0034-4885. 1941RPPh....8..231M. 250817790 .
  15. Mulliken. Robert S.. Rieke. Carol A.. Brown. Weldon G.. January 1941. Hyperconjugation *. Journal of the American Chemical Society. en. 63. 1. 41–56. 10.1021/ja01846a008. 0002-7863.
  16. Mulliken. Robert S.. Rieke. Carol A.. 1942-04-01. Bond Integrals and Spectra With an Analysis of Kynch and Penney's Paper on the Heat of Sublimation of Carbon. Reviews of Modern Physics. en. 14. 2–3. 259. 10.1103/RevModPhys.14.259. 0034-6861. 1942RvMP...14..259M.
  17. News: Women on School Board? Why Certainly!. July 4, 1957. Harvey Tribune. June 2, 2019. 6. NewspaperArchive.com.
  18. News: Hold School Elections. April 4, 1963. The Star. June 2, 2019. 1. Newspapers.com.
  19. News: Bremen District High School Candidates Issue Statement on Schools. April 11, 1963. The Star. June 2, 2019. 1. Newspapers.com.
  20. News: Slide Lecture about China Wednesday. November 26, 1978. Southtown Star. June 2, 2019. 37. Newspapers.com.
  21. News: South Suburban Pupils Cash in at Scholars' Program. May 16, 1991. Southtown Star. June 2, 2019. 10. Newspapers.com.
  22. News: SSC Foundation Presents Scholarships and Awards. May 21, 2006. Southtown Star. June 2, 2019. 103. Newspapers.com.
  23. Book: Rossiter, Margaret W.. Women Scientists in America: Before Affirmative Action, 1940–1972. 1998-09-29. JHU Press. 9780801857119. 453, n33.
  24. Book: Detection of Light: From the Ultraviolet to the Submillimeter. Rieke. George. George. Rieke. 2003. Cambridge University Press. 9780521017107. en.
  25. News: Katharine Rieke To Be the Bride Of James Lawson. September 15, 1968. The New York Times. 103. ProQuest.
  26. Web site: Katharine R. Lawson, Ph.D.. Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 2019-06-02. September 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190915230219/http://www.einstein.yu.edu/faculty/7326/katharine-lawson. dead.
  27. Guttman. Lester. Hess. David C.. Myers. Frank E.. Wolfe. Hugh C.. 1970-09-01. Foster Frederick Rieke 1905–1970. Journal of Applied Physics. 41. 10. 3911. 10.1063/1.1658385. 0021-8979. 1970JAP....41.3911G.

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