Carl Eytel Explained

Carl Eytel
Birth Name:	Karl Adolf Wilhelm Eytel
Birth Date:	12 September 1862
Birth Place:	Maichingen, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Confederation
Death Place:	Banning, California, U.S.
Resting Place:	Jane Augustine Patencio Cemetery, Palm Springs, California
Works:	Desert near Palm Springs (1914) now in the
Patrons:	Martha M. Newkirk

Carl Eytel (September 12, 1862 – September 17, 1925) was a German American artist who built his reputation for paintings and drawings of desert subjects in the American Southwest. Immigrating to the United States in 1885, he settled in Palm Springs, California in 1903. With an extensive knowledge of the Sonoran Desert, Eytel traveled with the author George Wharton James as he wrote the successful Wonders of the Colorado Desert, and contributed over 300 drawings to the 1908 work. While he enjoyed success as an artist, he lived as an ascetic and would die in poverty.^[1] Eytel's most important work, Desert Near Palm Springs, hangs in the History Room of the California State Library.^[2]

Life

Early life and immigration

Carl Eytel was born as Karl Adolf Wilhelm Eytel in Maichingen, Böblingen to Tusnelda (née Schmid) and Friederick Hermann Eytel, a Lutheran minister in the Kingdom of Württemberg (now the state of Baden-Württemberg, near Stuttgart), Germany.^[3] As a boy, he became a ward of his grandfather when his father died. Eytel was well educated in the German gymnasium and became enamored of the American West while reading the works of Prussian natural science writer and explorer Alexander von Humboldt, which he found in the Stuttgart Royal Library.^{[4] [5]} From 1880 to 1884 he studied forestry in Tübingen and then was drafted into the German Army. He first traveled to the United States in 1885 aboard the Suevia and worked as a ranch hand in Kansas. Later he worked at a slaughterhouse for 18 months to earn his living and to study cattle. In 1891, he read an article about the Palm Springs area in the San Francisco Call and was "incited" to visit the California desert.^[6]

Palm Springs

Eytel returned to Germany to study art for 18 months (1897–1898) at the Royal Art School Stuttgart and then re-immigrated to the United States. Wanting to be a cowboy,^[7] he worked as a cowhand in the San Joaquin Valley and in 1903 he would settle in Palm Springs. Living in small cabins he built himself, Palm Springs would remain his home.^[8] Eytel often walked on his travels, covering 400 miles in the Colorado Desert on foot. On one of his travels, he was nearly lynched as a horse thief, and in 1918, during a trip to northern Arizona, he was threatened with lynching as a German spy.

Work

While living for the most part as a "desert rat" and starving artist, he both traveled alone throughout the American Southwest and accompanied author J. Smeaton Chase and painter Jimmy Swinnerton on their travels.^{[9] [10]} Serving as George Wharton James' guide to "every obvious and obscure location of importance", he illustrated James' two volume The Wonders of the Colorado Desert.^[11] The work was successful and received generally favorable reviews.^{[12] [13]} The collaboration on the book lasted from 1903 to 1907. Eytel's illustrations were also used by James in his 1906 article "The Colorado Desert: As General Kearney Saw It".^[14]

Successes

By 1908 Eytel was exhibiting works in Pasadena and enjoying the patronage of socialite Martha M. Newkirk.^[15] He was also planning to build a bungalow in Beaumont, California.^[16] And, in 1909, his work was being exhibited in major art venues and the Kanst gallery in Los Angeles.^[17] Later, in 1911, after traveling with Chase on horseback, he contributed 21 realistic line art drawings to Chase's book, Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains.^[18]

Besides his work in Wonders of the Colorado Desert and Cone-bearing Trees, Eytel contributed (both drawings and articles) to the best periodicals, including the Los Angeles Times ^[19] and, for nearly 14 years, the New Yorker Staats-Zeitung.^{[20] [21]} (During his travels in the southwest he became friends with Los Angeles Times city editor Charles Lummis.) A stone wall in the dining room of Dr. Welwood Murray's early hotel was covered with an Eytel mural of Palm Canyon.^[22] His hundreds of drawings of native palms were his trademark and he became known as "The Artist of the Palms".^{[12] [23]} His work helped publicize early Palm Springs.^[24] In 1977 his works were selling for $10,000 and under.^[25]

"Creative Brotherhood"

Along with naturalist Edmund C. Jaeger, and authors Chase and Charles Francis Saunders,^[26] Eytel was a core member of what University of Arizona Professor Peter Wild called a "Creative Brotherhood"^[27] that lived in Palm Springs in the early 20th century. Other Brotherhood members included cartoonist and painter Swinnerton,^[28] author James, and photographers Fred Payne Clatworthy and Stephen H. Willard.^{[29] [30]} The men lived near each other (like Eytel, Jaeger built his own cabin), traveled together throughout the Southwest, helped with each other's works, and exchanged photographs which appeared in their various books.^[31]

The Brotherhood lasted from 1915 when Jaeger, who was the teacher in the Palm Springs one-room school house, met Eytel and Chase. It ended in 1923 when Chase died.^[32] (In 1924, after completing his studies at Occidental College in Los Angeles, Jaeger began a 30-year teaching career at Riverside Junior College in Riverside, California.^[33]) Jaeger wrote the initial eulogy for Eytel upon his death and in 1948, recalling his time with him, Jaeger said:Over the years it was Eytel who served as their "spiritual figurehead".^[34] Even after Jaeger left to complete his studies and Chase married the wealthy Isabel White (1917), the three, plus Saunders, often exchanged letters.^[35] Suffering from a "hacking and persistent cough",^[36] Eytel remained in Palm Springs, impoverished, and Swinnerton would buy art supplies for him. Later Eytel became a recluse.

Smoketree School

Journalist Ann Japenga has characterized Eytel's work as "Smoketree School" – a school which is named after a favorite desert art subject, the smoketree.^[37] The school has origins with Alson S. Clark and Jack Frost, who were influenced by French impressionist Claude Monet. Other Smoketree artists include Carl Bray, Fred Chisnall, Maynard Dixon, Clyde Forsythe, Sam Hyde Harris, John Hilton, R. Brownell McGrew, Agnes Pelton, Hanson Puthuff and Swinnerton.^[38]

Style and subjects

Like many artists of the desert southwest, Eytel's style was impressionistic.^[39] His subjects were varied and included the Mission San José de Tumacácori, in the Tumacácori National Historical Park near Nogales, Arizona (pre-restoration), and California Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and Mission San Juan Capistrano Spanish missions. His drawings for Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains and Wonders of the Colorado Desert were especially detailed and included Desert Bighorn Sheep, desert reptiles, and cattle. (His Mirage in the Desert (1905), painted for Wonders, depicts cattle and cowboys.)Eytel depicted the life of Navajo, Hopi, Cahuilla, Serrano and Kamia peoples, including landscapes of the New Mexico Eight Northern Pueblos in San Ildefonso, Laguna, Tesuque and Taos Pueblo. The Walpi Pueblo on First Mesa, Hopi Reservation, Arizona, and Cocopah people near Calexico, California were drawn as well.^[40]

Prospectors working the Anaconda (Dale District) and Manana (Colorado River) mines in Arizona and the famous Picacho gold mine were drawn, as were the Rancho Guajome Adobe near Encinitas, California, the Sierra Bonita Ranch near Fort Grant, Arizona, turn of the century Tucson, Arizona, and the Yuma Territorial Prison, Yuma, Arizona.

His scenes from early Palm Springs included the stagecoach station and William Pester – "The Hermit of Palm Springs".^[41]

Eytel's landscapes and mountain scenes in Wonders included:

• Ehrenberg, Arizona
• Algodones, including the Pilot Knob landmark, Imperial County, California
• Palo Verde, Arizona
• San Jacinto National Forest, California
• Oak Creek Canyon, within Coconino National Forest, Arizona
• Mt. San Gorgonio, California
• Mt. San Jacinto, California
• Royal Gorge, Colorado
• San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff, Arizona
• Sentinel Rock and Cathedral Spires in Yosemite Valley, California
• Tahquitz Peak, near Idyllwild, California
• Twin Buttes, Navajo County, Arizona

Honors

Eytel was a friend of the Cahuilla people and they allowed him to be buried in their cemetery in Palm Springs after he died of tuberculosis in a Banning, California sanatorium. His funeral and burial were arranged by Nellie Coffman, who had established the original Desert Inn in the Palm Springs village in 1909.^[42]

Eytel received the following eulogy from Saunders writing in August 1926:His painting Desert near Palm Springs (1914) is displayed in the California History Room of the California State Library. The Palm Springs Art Museum has a set of Eytel's sketches and displays various of his paintings.^[43]

The desert shrub amphipappus fremontii was given the common name "eytelia" in his honor.^[44] The short "Via Eytel" in Palm Springs is named in his honor, as is the short "Eytel Road" in nearby Cathedral City.^[45]

See also

Art topics:

• En plein air – painting in the open air, which Eytel usually did
  • California Plein-Air Painting – early 20th century movement, a regional variation on American Impressionism
    • California Art Club – a Plein-Air arts organization founded in 1909, but Eytel was not a member
    • California Plein-Air Revival – which began in the 1980s
• Tonalism – painting of landscapes with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist, although Eytel's work does not have dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown or blue
  • California Tonalism
  • Tonal Impressionism

Literature topics:

• Outdoor literature
• Travel literature

Desert topics:

• Coachella Valley – part of the "low desert" in which Eytel lived
• Deserts of California
• Little San Bernardino Mountains, which contain the Joshua Tree National Monument, are north of the Coachella Valley – some of Eytel's travels took him into this area below the California "high desert" (Mojave Desert)
• Puebloan people – Native Americans in the Southwestern pueblos
• Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains – where Eytel painted many of his mountain scenes
• Southwest Museum of the American Indian – founded by Eytel's friend Charles Fletcher Lummis in 1905

Further reading

• Book: Ainsworth. Katherine . The McCallum Saga: The Story of the Founding of Palm Springs . Palm Springs, CA . Palm Springs Public Library . 1996 . . 96052785 . The friendship between the little reclusive artist, hiding the scars life had inflicted upon him and who found cruel life almost beyond endurance, and the lonely, overburdened young woman deepened into a close friendship. It was not until Eytel proposed marriage that Pearl realized such a relationship would be wrong for both of them. [p. 169] . 0961872411 . 799840 .  – Pearl McCallum McManus was a major figure in the development of early Palm Springs. This book also contains some 26 of Eytel's pen and ink drawings.
• News: Brown. Renee. Early artists inspired by Palm Springs area landscape. The Desert Sun. Gannett. May 28, 2016. Palm Springs, CA.
• Book: Chase . J. Smeaton . J. Smeaton Chase . California Coast Trails: a Horseback Ride from Mexico to Oregon . BCR (Bibliographical Center for Research) . 2009 . 978-1116315660.
  • Chase . J. Smeaton . California Coast Trails: A Horseback Ride from Mexico to Oregon . The Double Cone Register . Ventana Wilderness Alliance . Santa Cruz, CA . VIII . 1 . Fall 2005 . December 2, 2011 . J. Smeaton Chase . 1913 . Ever since I had lived in California I had been waiting for an opportunity to explore the coast regions of the State. At last the time had come when I could do it; and Eytel, my companion on other journeys in the mountains and deserts of the West, was free to join me for the southern part of the expedition.. (Electronic copy)
• Book: Chase, J. Smeaton. Yosemite Trails. 1911. Houghton Mifflin. Boston & New York. 34014279.
• Book: Eytel. Carl . Edmund C. . Jaeger . Edmund Jaeger . Sketchbook 1904–1905 . 32945154.
• Book: Carl Eytel correspondence, 1910–1926. California State Library archival material. Sacramento, CA. 436466432. Includes letters with State Librarian James Louis Gillis and Milton J. Ferguson.
• Eytel . Carl . From Palms to Pines . . January 1913 . 5 . 23–25.
• Eytel . C. . How we came to Arizona . Arizona Magazine . Yuma, AZ . Arizona Magazine Co.. April 1910 . 5. (listed in: Book: Alliot, Hector. Bibliography of Arizona. 1914. Southwest Museum. Los Angeles, CA. 74. Munk, Joseph Amasa. Joseph Amasa Munk.)
• News: Hector . Juliann . Desert Tales: Roughing It Artistically in Palm Springs . . January 15, 2006 . Riverside, CA . B: 5 . 0746-4258.
• Book: Hughes . Edan Milton . Edan Milton Hughes . Artists in California, 1786–1940 . registration . San Francisco . Hughes Pub. Co . 1986 . 978-0961611200 . 85091064 . 77497974 .
• Book: Jaeger. Edmund C. . Edmund Jaeger . Denizens of the Desert: A Book of Southwestern Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles . Boston and New York . Houghton Mifflin Co. . 1922 . 22023350 . 1459267.  – Jaeger credits Eytel for a drawing of Washington Palms in a rocky gorge (p. 82). He also relates a story told to him by Dr. J. H. Kocher when Eytel and Kocher were camping in the mountains at Keyes Ranch near the Colorado Desert – a spotted skunk had come into their tent while they were sleeping. Eytel's advice to Kocher was a whispered "Better keep still." (pp. 288–290).
• Book: Jaeger. Edmund C. . Edmund Jaeger . Carl Eytel (illustrations) . The Mountain Trees of Southern California . Pasadena, CA (original printing) . Hardpress Publishing . 2012 . 1919 . 978-1290251082 . 21001210 . 940514410.
• Jennings . Bill . Early Desert Artist Re-emerging Folk Figure: German-born Carl Eytel Played Important Role in Desert Books . . September 1978 . 41 . 9 . 12–15 . William and Joy Knyvett . Palm Desert, CA . December 18, 2011 . 'Eytel inspired me to pursue this new interest, also helped me develop my own sketching style,...' Jaeger said in a recent interview. . https://web.archive.org/web/20111202075817/http://www.mydesertmagazine.com/files/197809-DesertMagazine-1978-September.pdf . December 2, 2011 . dead . Also available at: Desert Magazine 1978 September | PDF | Mail | Nature.
• Book: Larson, Roger Keith . Controversial James: An Essay on the Life and Work of George Wharton James . 1991 . The Book Club of California . San Francisco, CA . 91209578 . 24570433 .
• Book: Merrill. Peter C. . German Immigrant Artists in America: A Biographical Dictionary (Carl Eytel) . . 1996 . 978-0810832664 . 144611664 . 96039017 .
• Book: Moure, Nancy Dustin Wall . California Art: 450 Years of Painting & Other Media . Dustin Publications . 978-0961462246 . 197 . Artists of the Desert, Cowboys & Native Americans . 40234375 . 1998 .
• News: Starr. Shannon. Artist Eytel sketched pioneer life: History: The German immigrant developed an affinity for the desert and American Indian culture. The Press-Enterprise. April 12, 2003. Riverside, CA. B: 3. 0746-4258.
• Wild . Peter . Peter Wild . Carl Eytel: The Monk of Palm Springs . Wildflower . Autumn 1997 . 13 . 4 . 22–25 . North American Native Plant Society . Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada. 0842-5132 . 13726664 .

External links

• USC Digital Library, Carl Eytel
• Artnet.com: auction results on Carl Eytel (Contains images of the paintings A Rio Grande Pueblo and Cattle Herding)
• Ask/Art. The Artist's Bluebook: Carl A. Eytel (Contains biographical material and images of paintings)
• Heritage Auctions: Carl Eytel (Contains images of the paintings Palm Desert and California Palms, sold at auction.)
• Braun Research Library Collection: Carl Eytel (394 images) Autry National Center, which holds the original drawings by Eytel for The Wonders of the Colorado Desert

Notes and References

1. Book: Larson, Roger Keith . California Book Illustrators: a Keepsake in Fourteen Parts for the Members of the Book Club of California . 1996 . The Book Club of California . Keepsake Series . San Francisco. Kurutz, Gary F.. Part Five, Carl Eytel, 1862–1925 . No phrase epitomizes the life of Carl Eytel better than the cliche 'art for art's sake,' or for those who prefer the original language, L'art pour l'art. . 36888109 . 97157635.
2. Kurutz . Gary F. . Carl Eytel: Southern California Desert Artist . Bulletin . 2009 . 95 . 17–20 . November 13, 2011 . California State Library Foundation . Sacramento, CA . September 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211534/http://www.cslfdn.org/pdf/bulletin-95.pdf . live . It was originally hung at the State Capitol in the Main Corridor. See Book: Rider, Fremont. Rider's California: a guide-book for travelers. 1925. Macmillan Company. 207. New York. Fremont Rider. Cooper, Frederic Taber. Frederic Taber Cooper. 2650242. June 10, 2013. June 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210630144915/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.32106000663002;view=1up;seq=281. live.
3. http://www.germanimmigrants1880s.com/index.php?id=997560 German Immigrants, 1880s: Carl Eytel from Wurtemberg to Kansas in 1885
4. Book: Ainsworth. Ed . Painters of the Desert: Glimpses at Those Who Captured for Themselves and Their Fellowmen the Beauty and Message of the American Desert . Palm Desert, CA . . 1970 . 1960 . 111 . 61016101 . 1814783.
5. Book: James . George Wharton . George Wharton James . Carl (illustrator) . Eytel . The Wonders of the Colorado Desert (Southern California) . Boston . . 1906 . 547 . 978-1103733613 . 2573290 . 23361178M . 06043916. (Available as a pdf file through the HathiTrust Digital Library.)
6. News: Law . George . Illustrations by Carl Eytel . Desert Painter: Carl Eytel . . Los Angeles. January 28, 1923 . X17 (Illustrated Magazine) . 0458-3035 . https://archive.today/20130104154052/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/328898372.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+28,+1923&author=GEORGE+LAW&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1923-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=XI7&desc=Carl+Eytel+DESERT+PAINTER . dead . January 4, 2013 . ...an elaborate and beautiful book....
7. Book: Ainsworth, Edward Maddin . The Cowboy in Art . 1968 . Bonanza Books/World Publishing . 978-1199424945 . 124 . John Wayne (forward) . 443225 . November 25, 2020 . July 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201352/https://books.google.com/books?id=O_wAT9qLcTcC&q=eytel . live .
8. Book: Davidson . Harold G. . Jimmy . Swinnerton . Jimmy Swinnerton . Jimmy Swinnerton . Hearst Books . 1985 . 160 . 978-0688037109 . 84027964 . 11531621.

   Book: Wild, Peter. Peter Wild. The Grumbling Gods: a Palm Springs Reader. 2007. 98. University of Utah Press . He lived in a shack on what is now Palm Springs' upscale Tennis Club.. 978-0874808995. (print and on-line); and, Book: Leach, Frank Aleamon. Frank A. Leach. Wild Life in California: Some of Its Birds, Animals and Flowers. 1920. Tribune Publishing Company. Oakland, CA. 13, 15. 1: The Desert of Southern California. 12257730. June 10, 2013. July 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201354/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4500496&view=1up&seq=23. live.

9. Book: McKinney. John. A Walk Along Land's End: Dispatches from the Edge of California on a 1,600-mile hike from Mexico to Oregon. 2010. Olympus Press. 978-0934161350. 23, 32, 41.
10. Kleinschmidt . Janice . Cabins of the Brotherhood: Author Peter Wild delves into the Spartan lives of Palm Springs' early desert rats . Palm Springs Life . Desert Publications . Palm Springs . August 2007 . November 15, 2011. April 7, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120407025111/http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/August-2007/Cabins-of-the-Brotherhood/index.php?previewmode=on . live .

    Book: Davidson, Harold G.. Jimmy Swinnerton: the artist and his work. 1985. Hearst Books. New York. 978-0688037109. 76. In June 1916, his old sketching companion...Eytel, visited Jimmy in Flagstaff....Jimmy wined and dined him, took him on a tour to the Grand Canyon and Hopiland.. 11531621 .

11. Eytel contributed 1 full page painting (Mirage in the Desert (1905)) and 173 pen sketches to Volume I and 164 pen sketches to Volume II. Book: Edwards . Elza Ivan . Desert Harvest . Los Angeles . . 1962 . 78 . 62022266 . 2022836 . June 10, 2013 . July 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201354/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015079627488&view=1up&seq=84 . live.
12. Book: Hudson, Roy Fred . Forgotten Desert Artist: The Journals and Field Sketches of Carl Eytel, an Early-day Painter of the Southwest . 1979 . . Palm Springs, CA . 118 . 5802826 . [James'] epic, two volume book...[is] now a collector's item.. Hudson's book was reviewed in: Books for Desert Readers. Desert Magazine. April 1979. 42. 4. 6–7. September 9, 2012. Desert Magazine. Palm Desert, CA. May 7, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090507103822/http://www.scribd.com/doc/2404565/197904-Desert-Magazine-1979-April. live.
13. Reviews included:
    • Adams . Cyrus C. . Wonders of the Far West: George Wharton James's New Book on the Colorado Desert . . March 2, 1907 . August 30, 2012 . ...its pictures are worthy of special mention. They are...graphic story tellers, for the artist has hit off admirably the characteristics of things...without waste of crayon. ...James says that no other man knows the Colorado Desert as Eytel knows it 'and his sketches are faithful portrayals of the objects he has seen and lived with.' . December 15, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191215201155/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1907/03/02/104980987.pdf . live .
    • A Guide to the New Books . . February 16, 1907 . XXXIV . 7. 263–264 . Funk & Wagnalls . New York and London . This elaborate treatise is a distinct contribution to the literature of the natural wonders of our country....The illustrations...are a notable feature...and admirably illustrate the text..
    • Gilmour. John Hamilton . The Wonders of the Colorado Desert, California . . February 3, 1907 . 101 . 65 . Magazine, 3 . He has written admirably and knowingly...and this...is in line with his previous works. ...It is a pity, though, that he has trusted to statements of a few people rather than investigated for himself....The book is well illustrated by Carl Eytel..
    • Holiday Books of Travel and Description. The Dial. December 16, 1906. XLI. 492. 454. A chapter, too, on Mr. Eytel himself is one of the best in the book..
    • Sanborn . Kate . Kate Sanborn . Books as I See Them . . March–August 1907 . New Series, 36 . New England Magazine Company . 2154-6223 . 7568653 . November 25, 2020 . July 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201357/https://books.google.com/books?id=91XhAAAAMAAJ&q=%22carl+eytel%22&pg=PA383 . live .
14. James. George Wharton. The Colorado Desert: As General Kearney Saw It. The Four-Track News. May 1906. 10. 5. 389–393. Passenger Department, New York Central & Hudson River R.R.. 214967241. November 25, 2020. July 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201353/https://books.google.com/books?id=9qvwAAAAIAAJ&q=%22carl+eytel%22&pg=PA389. live.
15. Hermit Artist Will Exhibit – Carl Eytel Once More in Civilization . . July 6, 1908 . 35 . 278 . II, 4 . August 31, 2012 . Noted Painter About to Give Display – Lives Most Isolated Existence, Surrounded by Venomous Reptiles and is Extremely Popular Among the Indians.
16. Big Demand for Beaumont Lands . . July 12, 1908 . 35 . 284 . August 31, 2012 . II, 9 . Carl Eytel, the famous scenic painter, is building a $1500 bungalow. . July 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201532/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&cl=search&d=LAH19080712.2.100.62&srpos=7&e=-------en-Logical-20--1---IN-eytel---- . live .
17. Rucker . Kathryn . Art . . July 27, 1909 . 36 . 299 . August 31, 2012 . II, 2 . Among the pictures now hung in the Kanst gallery are a number that were exhibited at the world's fair, St. Louis, others at the Royal Academy and Royal Scotch Academy....Arizona landscapes by C. Eytel, among which is a translation of a mirage very well expressed, are rather too vivid to be pleasing to those of quiet tastes.... . July 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201556/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&cl=search&d=LAH19090727.2.118.33&srpos=11&e=-------en-Logical-20--1---IN-eytel---- . live .
18. Author and Artist Seek Material for Booklet . . September 3, 1910 . 37 . 337 . 14 . ...Chase...and...Eytel, an artist of Palm Springs, returned this morning from a horseback jaunt among the mountains from this valley [San Bernardino] to the Mexican line, gathering material for a booklet describing the pine trees of this end of the state. . August 31, 2012 . July 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201532/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&cl=search&d=LAH19100903.2.94.71.4.3&srpos=3&e=-------en-Logical-20--1---IN-eytel---- . live .

    and, Book: Chase. J. Smeaton . J. Smeaton Chase . Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains . Chicago . . 99 . 1911 . 3477527. 11004975 . The line-drawings are the work of my friend, Mr. Carl Eytel..

19. Book: Bailey, Victoria J. . California Desert Resort Cities: Reflections & Visions . 2003 . Desert Springs Publishing . Palm Springs, CA . 978-0972757201 . 43 . 54384087 . November 25, 2020 . July 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201532/https://books.google.com/books?id=1FJSdHxgIsQC&q=eytel . live .
20. Jaeger . Edmund C. . Eulogy: Death Claims Noted Painter of Desert . . Riverside, CA . September 18, 1925 . Edmund Jaeger . His illustrations are to be found in many of the best periodicals and in the publications of Little, Brown & Co., of Boston. Many Southern California homes carry his canvases on their walls and hundreds of former guests of the Desert Inn treasure his remarkably executed pen drawings.....
21. Book: Bogert . Frank M. . Frank M. Bogert . Palm Springs: First Hundred Years . Palm Springs, CA . Palm Springs Library . 2003. 1987 . 288 . 096187242X . 17171891 .
22. Shumway . Nina Paul . Patriarch of Palm Springs . . July 1949 . 12 . 9 . 28 . Desert Press . Palm Desert, CA . September 9, 2017 . September 10, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150910120408/https://www.scribd.com/doc/2295869/194907-Desert-Magazine-1949-July#page=28 . live .
23. His reputation as "the desert artist" continued. In 1913 he was visited by Ulysses S. Grant IV, then age 20. 1913 / A Midsummer Motoring Trip . . March 1962 . 25 . 3 . 20 . 'Then we went on toward a small settlement called Palm Springs....' The desert artist, Carl Eytel, was living alone in a shack.... I recall him well as a lean man with a large moustache, seemingly of frail constitution but wiry and actually, when under stress, possessed of great endurance. . September 9, 2017 . March 6, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306020823/https://www.scribd.com/doc/2402759/196203-Desert-Magazine-1962-March . live . Also available at A Midsummer Motoring Trip . The Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly. March 1961 . 43 . 1 . 85–96 . 41169503 . 10.2307/41169503. Grant . U. S .
24. Book: Henderson, Moya . Images of America: Palm Springs . 2009 . Arcadia Publishing . Charleston, SC . 978-0738559827 . 127 . Palm Springs Historical Society . 268792707 .
25. Book: Barnes, Leo . Handbook of Wealth Management . 1977 . McGraw-Hill . 978-0070037656. 37-11 . Feldman, Stephen . 2818209 .
26. Web site: Charles Francis Saunders and Mira Culin Saunders Collection of Photographs and Negatives . Online Archive of California (OAC) . . November 22, 2011 . Charles Francis Saunders (1859–1941)...and his first wife, Elisabeth Hallowell Saunders (d. 1910), were both avid naturalists... . June 19, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130619033223/http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt7v19r25p/ . live .

    also see Book: Saunders, Charles Francis . With the Flowers and Trees in California . 1914 . McBride, Nast & Co. . New York . 286 . IV: Three Hunting on a California Desert . 403367 . Besides the Professor and myself, there was...Eytel, an artist who...has painted up and down the desert and in a sense made it his own.... ., and Book: Saunders, Charles Francis . Carl Eytel, Artist of the Colorado Desert. 1926. Pasadena, CA . Saunders . 58931532.

27. Book: Wild . Peter. Peter Wild . News from Palm Springs: The Letters of Carl Eytel, Edmund C. Jaeger, J. Smeaton Chase, Charles Francis Saunders, and Others of the Creative Brotherhood and Its Background . Johannesburg, CA . The Shady Myrick Research Project . 2007 . Vol. I and II . 163456618.
28. Book: Filmore. Gary. Desert Horizons: Images of James Swinnerton's Southwest. 2011. lulu.com. 978-1105051173. 7.
29. Hilton . John H. . Nature is His Teacher . . July 1941 . 4 . 9 . 12 . Desert Publishing Co. . El Centro, CA . September 9, 2017 . April 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160414212532/https://www.scribd.com/doc/2095552/194107-Desert-Magazine-1941-July#page=12 . live .

    and, Web site: Fred Payne Clatworthy (U.S., 1875–1953) . Autochromes

    The World Goes Color-Mad

    . American Museum of Photography . November 22, 2011 . 2008 . Fred Payne Clatworthy...a professional photographer in...Colorado, published Autochromes in National Geographic... . April 26, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001027/http://photographymuseum.org/autochromeclatworthy.html . live .

30. Book: Niemann . Greg . Palm Springs Legends: Creation of a Desert Oasis . San Diego, CA . Sunbelt Publications . 2005 . 286 . 978-0932653741 . 2005021837 . 61211290. (here for Table of Contents)
31. Yerxa . Cabot . Carl Eytel. Palm Springs Villager . December 1951 . 6 . 5 . 17, 41 . Cabot's Pueblo Museum.
32. At the start of World War I Eytel took the conflict personally towards his old English friend Chase; but they may have reconciled when peace was achieved. Book: Wild, Peter . Peter Wild . J. Smeaton Chase. 2005. The Shady Myrick Research Project. Johannesburg, CA. 40, 127. 62232191. Eytel could get testy about Chase's marriage to a wealthy woman. Also, as to Palm Springs gossip, [he] could have a fishwife's tongue; and the ascetic's prerogative, he carped about the horror of declining morals in the village....
33. The Museum of Riverside has a permanent "desert cabin" exhibit about Jaeger which references Eytel as his mentor. See: Museum of Riverside permanent exhibits .
34. Japenga . Ann . Bloomsbury, P.S. . . March 2004 . Now and then a knot of likeminded artists and writers converges in one place and you get a Bloomsbury Circle or an Algonquin Roundtable. Such a confluence happened in Palm Springs early in the 1900s. But instead of paneled drawing rooms, the artists convened in a couple of oil can shacks beside the Tahquitz ditch, near where the Tennis Club is today. . November 29, 2011 . April 26, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120426010256/http://www.annjapenga.com/Images/articles/wBloomsbury.pdf . live .
35. Kleinschmidt . Janice . The Letters of Carl Eytel: The early desert painter's correspondence with travel writer and teacher Edmund C. Jaeger . Palm Springs Life . Desert Publications . Palm Springs . August 2007 . November 28, 2011. April 7, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120407025120/http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/August-2007/The-Letters-of-Carl-Eytel/ . live .
36. Book: James, George Wharton. California, Romantic and Beautiful. 1914. The Page Company. Boston. 397. George Wharton James. XXVII: California's Influence Upon Art . See America first series . 3285978.
37. Japenga . Ann . The Smoketree School: Painters respond to the call of the desert . Palm Springs Life . Winter–Spring 2011 . November 27, 2011 . Desert Publications . The Smoketree School encompasses not only traditional landscape, but also modernist and Western works, watercolors, and even abstract painting, as well as contemporary artists, such as Terry Masters, Elaine Mathews, and Diane Best. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120407025131/http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/Art-Culture/Winter-Spring-2011/The-Smoketree-School/ . April 7, 2012 .
38. Japenga's commentaries are at:
    • Web site: April is Desertscapes Month . California Desert Art . November 27, 2011 . 2011 . May 1, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120501195132/http://www.californiadesertart.com/?p=775 . live .
    • Web site: Welcome . California Desert Art . November 28, 2011 . 2011 . October 4, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111004004448/http://www.californiadesertart.com/?page_id=3 . live .
    • Web site: Goodbye to Carl Bray . California Desert Art . November 28, 2011 . 2011 . October 4, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111004060723/http://www.californiadesertart.com/?p=993 . live .
39. Book: Gerdts, William H. . Art Across America: Two Centuries of Regional Painting 1710–1920 . 1990 . . New York . William H. Gerdts . 311, 322 . 3 . The Pacific: Southern California . 1558590331 . 90000598 . 755165724 . The style adopted by almost all of the leading Los Angeles-area artists in the early twentieth century was Impressionism...The proximity of Los Angeles to the Mojave Desert attracted a whole group of scenic painters to investigate this motif....
40. Law. George. Among the Pueblo Indians. Los Angeles Times. May 20, 1923. 11. 15, 30.

    and, Book: James, Harry Clebourne . The Cahuilla Indians . . Malki Museum Press (Westernlore Press) . 1960. 1968 . 185 . 254156323 . 60010491 . – includes drawings of Indian houses, wells, basket granaries and ollas)

41. Web site: Palm Springs stagecoach station. Online Exhibitions: Annexation and Statehood. Agua Caliente Cultural Museum. August 31, 2012. July 27, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120727235418/http://www.accmuseum.org/Annexation-State. live.

    and, Book: Wild, Peter . Peter Wild . William Pester: The Hermit of Palm Springs . 2008 . The Shady Myrick Research Project . . Photo 13 (Chino Canyon (Christ Reflected in Water) (1913)) . 234084689.

42. Book: Bright, Margorie Belle. Nellie's Boardinghouse: A Dual Biography of Nellie Coffman and Palm Springs . 1981 . ETC Publications . Palm Springs, CA . 088280068X . 35, 58, 83 . ...arranging for [the] funeral service to be read by his favorite Moravian minister from Banning..
    • Professor Wild disputes that the Indian cemetery burial was a particular honor, contending that non-Indian burials were fairly common. Book: Wild . Peter . Peter Wild . Tipping the Dream: A Brief History of Palm Springs . Johannesburg, CA . The Shady Myrick Research Project . 2007 . 159n67 . 152590848 . He also documents this contention in his 2007 Letters from Palm Springs (1:140–142).
43. Book: Young, Patricia Mastick . Desert Dream Fulfilled: The History of the Palm Springs Desert Museum . 1983 . Palm Springs Desert Museum . Palm Springs, CA . 80 . 19266381 . 83080384.
44. See:
    • Book: Morhardt . Sia . Emil . Morhardt . California Desert Flowers: an Introduction to Families, Genera, and Species . . 2004 . 284 . 978-0520240032 . September 23, 2016 . June 6, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160606034839/https://books.google.com/books?id=5xxCG3OfLO8C&pg=PA259 . live .
    • Book: Jaeger, Edmund C. . Edmund Jaeger . Desert Wild Flowers . 1940 . . Stanford, CA . 259 . Named eytelia in honor of Carl Eytel...desert artist and traveler, and good friend of many botanists..
45. Map links:
    • Via Eytel, Palm Springs
    • Eytel Road, Cathedral City