Caristius fasciatus explained

Caristius fasciatus, the Greenland manefish, is a species of fish.[1]

Description

This large-eyed round fish is compressed in cross section. It is a pale blue-grey in colour with a few irregular darker bars and a dark, sail-like dorsal fin. The anal fins, like the dorsal fin, are dark, while the caudal and pectoral fins are small and translucent.[2] Their dorsal, pectoral and anal fins have no spines and are made up of only soft rays (31-34, 16-18 and 18-21 rays respectively). The longest recorded individual was 30cm (10inches) long.[3]

Similar species

The Greenland manefish has fewer and larger teeth and fewer vertebrae than Caristius macropus and Caristius meridionalis. It differs from Caristius digitus through the lack of a series of fingerlike papillae inside the opercle (the Greenland manefish has at most one), the short conical pharyngeal teeth (they are elongated in C. digitus), and fewer gill rakers.[4]

Distribution and habitat

This species is found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. It is known from the oceans around Argentina, Canada, Greenland, Namibia and South Africa. This species is found in the bethypelagic zone at depths of NaNm (-2,147,483,648feet).[5] This species may, however, also rarely be found closer to the coast. In South Africa, for example, it was photographed at a depth of 15m (49feet) off Oudekraal.

Ecology

While the diet of these species has not been examined in any detail, it is known to eat pelagic crustaceans, such as plankton.[6] From the capture of females and juveniles, it is believed that spawning occurs on the edges of sub-tropical waters, such as the Sargasso Sea, around the Gulf Stream and off the Azores.[7]

References

  1. Britz, R. and K.E. Hartel, 2012. On the synonymy of Caristius groenlandicus Jensen and Pteraclis fasciatus Borodin (Pisces: Caristiidae). Zootaxa 3546:85-88.
  2. Book: Zsilavecz, Guido . Coastal fishes of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay : a divers' identification guide . 2005 . Southern Underwater Research Group . 0-620-34230-7 . Cape Town . 70133147.
  3. Web site: Caristius fasciatus, Greenland manefish . 2023-03-13 . www.fishbase.ca.
  4. Stevenson, D.E. and C.P. Kenaley, 2013. Revision of the manefish genera Caristius and Platyberyx (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Caristiidae), with description of five new species. Copeia 2013(3):415-434
  5. 1986 . Smith . Margaret M. . Heemstra . Phillip C. . Smiths’ Sea Fishes . 10.1007/978-3-642-82858-4.
  6. Macpherson, E., 1989. Influence of geographical distribution, body size and diet on population density of benthic fishes off Namibia (South West Africa). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 50:295-299.
  7. Kukuev, E.I., N.V. Parin and I.A. Trunov, 2013. Materials for the revision of the family Caristiidae (Perciformes): 3. Manefishes (genus Caristius) from moderate warm waters of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans with a description of three new species from the southeast Atlantic (C. barsukovi sp. n., C. litvinovi sp. n., C. walvisensis sp. n.). J. Ichthyol. 53(8):541-561.