Cardiochilinae Explained

The Cardiochilinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. This subfamily has been treated as a tribe of Microgastrinae in the past. Some species including Toxoneuron nigriceps have been used in biocontrol programs.^[1]

Description and distribution

Cardiochilines are non-cyclostome braconids with a similar appearance to Microgastrines. They possess the r-m vein of the forewing and have more than 16 flagellomeres.

Cardiochilines can be found worldwide.

Biology

Cardiochilinae are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of caterpillars. Female Cardiochilinae inject a polydnavirus into the host during oviposition.^[2]

External links

• Photos on BugGuide
• DNA barcodes at BOLD systems

Notes and References

1. Book: Wharton, Robert A.. Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Marsh. Paul M.. Sharkey. Michael J.. The International Society of Hymenopterists. 1997. Washington DC. 69.
2. Murphy. Nicholas. Banks. Jonathan C.. Whitfield. James B.. Austin. Andrew D.. 2008-04-01. Phylogeny of the parasitic microgastroid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on sequence data from seven genes, with an improved time estimate of the origin of the lineage. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47. 1. 378–395. 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.022. 18325792.