Cardinals created by Celestine II explained

Pope Celestine II (1143–1144) created nine cardinals in one consistory:^[1]

Consistory of 17 December 1143

• Manfredo^[2] — cardinal-priest of S. Sabina, † 1157
• Raniero^[3] — cardinal-priest of S. Stefano in Monte Celio, † shortly before 22. December 1144
• Ariberto^[4] — cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia, † 1156
• Rodolfo^[5] — cardinal-deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio, † after 17 July 1167
• Gregorio de Jacinto^[6] — cardinal-deacon of S. Angelo, then (April 1154) cardinal-bishop of Sabina, † 1154
• Astaldo degli Astalli^[7] — cardinal-deacon of S. Eustachio, then (2 March 1151) cardinal-priest of S. Prisca, † 1161
• Giovanni Caccianemici,^[8] Can.Reg. — cardinal-deacon of S. Maria Nuova, † 1152
• Giovanni Paparoni^[9] — cardinal-deacon of S. Adriano, then (2 March 1151) cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso † towards the end of 1153
• Hugo Novariensis^[10] — cardinal-deacon of S. Lucia in Orphea, then (19 May 1144) cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, † 21 September 1150

Additional notes

Apart from the cardinals mentioned above sometimes it is erroneously claimed that Celestine II created also some other persons to the cardinalate, who actually were created by other popes or are confused with other cardinals.

Cardinal-priests Giulio of S. Marcello and Robert Pullen of S. Martino, and cardinal-deacon Giacinto Bobone (future pope Celestine III) almost certainly were created by Lucius II.^[11] On the other hand, cardinal-deacon Gregorio^[12] is attested as cardinal already under Innocent II.^[13] Also cardinal Guido de Summa,^[14] appointed by Celestine II to the rank of cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, probably was already a cardinal-deacon under Innocent II.^[15]

Cardinal-priest Gezo of S. Susanna, who allegedly subscribed a bull on 15 March 1144,^[16] certainly "owes" his existence wrong transcription of the signature Goizo presbiter cardinalis tituli S. Caeciliae.^[17]

Finally, cardinal Ugo Misani of Bologna, ostensibly created cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina,^[18] is undoubtedly the same person as cardinal-deacon Ugo of S. Lucia in Septisolio, who was promoted to the rank of cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina by Lucius II, and was born in Novara, not in Bologna.^[19]

Sources

• Web site: Salvador Miranda (historian) . Miranda . Salvador . Consistories for the creation of Cardinals 12th Century (1099-1198): Celestine II (1143-1144). The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church . Florida International University. 53276621.
• Barbara Zenker: Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159. Würzburg 1964
• Johannes M. Brixius: Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin 1912
• Phillipp Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII, vol. I-II. Leipzig 1885-1888

Notes and References

1. Zenker, p. 224-225; cf. Brixius, p. 49-50.
2. Brixius, p. 50 no. 8; Zenker, p. .
3. Brixius, p. 50 no. 9; Zenker, p. 134 no. 102.
4. Brixius, p. 49 no. 2; Zenker, p. 72-73 no. 43.
5. Brixius, p. 50 no. 10; Zenker, p. 141 no. 115.
6. Brixius, p. 49 no. 3; Zenker, p. 48-50 no. 26 (Zenker partially confused him with his homonymous predecessor).
7. Brixius, p. 49 no. 1; Zenker, p. 95 no. 65.
8. Brixius, p. 50 no. 7; Zenker, p. 144-145 no. 117.
9. Brixius, p. 50 no. 6; Zenker, p. 79-82 no. 47.
10. Brixius, p. 50 no. 5; Zenker, p. 123-125 no. 95.
11. Brixius, p. 52-53 no. 6, 8 and 9, and p. 104.
12. http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1144.htm#Gregorio Consistory of Ash Wednesday 1144
13. Brixius, p. 42 no. 17, p. 87-88.
14. Brixius, p. 49-50 no. 4; Zenker, p. 20-21 no. 4.
15. Alfonso Chacón: Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. Volumen I, Rome 1677, col. 1003. In 1142 there were two cardinal-deacons without the deaconries, one of them was Guido de Castro Ficeclo, the second was probably Guido de Summa (cf. Migne,Patrologia Latina, vol. 179, col. 593 ff.
16. Jaffé, II, p. 7
17. Brixius, p. 82. Cardinal Goizo of S. Cecilia was created by Innocent II.
18. http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1144.htm#Misini Consistory of Ash Wednesday 1144
19. Brixius, p. 98-99; cfr Zenker, p. 124. The origins from Novara of cardinal Ugo of S. Lorenzo in Lucina are confirmed by contemporary chronicle Gesta Alberonis. The statement about Bolognese origins is based on a confusion with cardinal Hugo of Bologna under Alexander III (Brixius, p. 99).